ECE

TS ECET - 2023
Syllabus for Electronics and Communication Engineering

MATHEMATICS (50 Marks)

Unit-I: Matrices
Matrices: Definition of Matrix, Types of matrices-Algebra of matrices-Transpose of a matrix-
Symmetric, skew symmetric matrices-Minor, cofactor of an element-Determinant of a square
matrix-Properties-Laplace‘s expansion-singular and non-singular matrices-Adjoint and
multiplicative inverse of a square matrix-System of linear equations in 3 variables-Solutions by
Cramer‘s rule, Matrix inversion method-Gauss-Jordan method.-Partial Fractions: Resolving a given
rational function into partial fractions. Logarithms: Definition of logarithm and its properties,
meaning of ‘e’, exponential function and logarithmic function.
Unit–II: Trigonometry
Properties of Trigonometric functions– Ratios of Compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple
angles – Transformations of Products into sum or difference and vice versa. Properties of triangles:
sine rule, cosine rule, tangent rule and projection rule. Solution of a triangle when (i) three sides
(SSS), (ii) two sides and an included angle (SAS), (iii) one side and two angles are given(SAA).
Inverse Trigonometric functions, Hyperbolic functions.
Complex Numbers: Definition of a complex number, Modulus, amplitude and conjugate of complex
number, arithmetic operations on complex numbers - Modulus-Amplitude form (Polar form) - Euler
form (exponential form).
Unit–III: Analytical Geometry
Straight Lines–different forms of Straight Lines, distance of a point from a line, angle between two
lines, intersection of two non-parallel lines and distance between two parallel lines. Circles-
Equation of circle given center and radius, given ends of diameter-General equation- finding center
and radius, center and a point on the circumference, 3 non-collinear points, center and tangent,
equation of tangent and normal at a point on the circle. Conic Section – Properties of parabola,
ellipse and hyperbola – Standard forms with vertex at origin.
Unit–IV: Differentiation and its Applications
Functions and limits – Standard limits – Differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions,
function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, Hyperbolic
functions, implicit, explicit and parametric functions–Derivative of a function with respect to
another function-Second order derivatives – Geometrical applications of the derivative (angle
between curves, tangent and normal)–Increasing and decreasing functions–Maxima and Minima
(single variable functions) using second order derivative only physical application – Rate Measure -
Partial Differentiation–Partial derivatives up to second order–Euler‘s theorem.
Unit–V: Integration and its Applications
Indefinite Integral – Standard forms – Integration by decomposition of the integrand, integration of
trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and Hyperbolic functions– Integration by
substitution –Integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors – Integration by parts–
Definite Integrals and properties, Definite Integral as the limit of a sum – Application of Integration
to find areas under plane curves and volumes of Solids of revolution– Mean and RMS values,

Page 1 of 8
 ECE

Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3 Rule for approximation integrals.

Unit–VI: Differential Equations
Definition of a differential equation-order and degree of a differential equation- formation of
differential equations-solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable-
separable, homogeneous equations, exact, linear differential equation of the form dy/dx+Py=Q,
Bernoulli‘s equation, 2nd order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both
homogeneous and non-homogeneous and finding the Particular Integrals for the functions eax, sin
ax, cos ax, ax2 +bx+c (a,b,c are real numbers).
Unit–VII: Laplace Transforms
Laplace Transforms (LT) of elementary functions-Linearity property, first shifting property, change
of scale property, multiplication and division by t - LT of derivatives and integrals, Unit step
function, LT of unit step function, second shifting property, evaluation of improper integrals,
Inverse Laplace transform (ILT)-shifting theorems, change of scale property, multiplication and
division by s, ILT by using partial fractions and convolution theorem. Applications of LT to solve
linear ordinary differential equations up to second order with initial conditions.
Unit–VIII: Fourier Series
Fourier series, Euler’s formulae over the interval (C, C+2π) for determining the Fourier coefficients.
Fourier series of simple functions in (0, 2π) and (–π, π). Fourier series for even and odd functions in
the interval (–π, π) – Half range Fourier series – sine and cosine series over the interval (0, π).

PHYSICS (25 Marks)

Unit-I: UNITS, DIMENSIONS AND FRICTION

Physical quantity - Fundamental and derived quantities – Unit –definitions - S.I units - Advantages
of S.I. units - Dimensions and dimensional formula - definitions-units and dimensional formula for
physical quantities - Principle of homogeneity - Applications of dimensional analysis–Friction –
causes - types of friction - Normal reaction - Laws of static friction - coefficients of friction -
expression-rough horizontal surface - expressions for Acceleration, Displacement, Time taken to
come to rest and Work done - Advantages and disadvantages of friction - Methods to reduce friction
– Problems on friction only.
Unit-II: ELEMENTS OF VECTORS
Scalar and vector quantities – definitions and examples –Graphical representation of a vector -
Classification of vectors (Proper vector, Unit vector, Equal vector, Negative vector, Collinear vector
and Position vector) Resolution of a vector - Triangle law of vector addition – Parallelogram law of
vectors – statement- expression for magnitude and direction of resultant vector –derivation-
illustrations (working of sling and flying bird) - Representation of a vector in unit vectors i, j and
k– Scalar product of vectors-definition- application to work done by force – properties of scalar
product - Vector product of vectors –definition – Right hand thumb rule and right hand screw rule -
application to moment of force - properties of vector product - area of parallelogram and triangle in
terms of vector product - related problems
Unit-III: MECHANICS
Projectile motion – definition - examples - Horizontal projection – Time of flight and Horizontal

Page 2 of 8
 ECE

range – derivations - Oblique projection – Expression for path of a projectile in oblique projection -
derivation– Maximum height, Time of ascent, Time of descent, Time of flight, Horizontal range and
maximum horizontal range - derivations – Circular motion, angular velocity, time period and
frequency of revolutions–Definitions– Relation between linear velocity and angular velocity -
derivation–centripetal force – centrifugal force – definitions and expressions only- application
(banking of curved path) - angle of banking- expression only - related problems
Unit-IV: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Elasticity and plasticity- definitions – examples - Stress and Strain – definitions and expressions -
elastic limit - Hooke’s law – statement - modulus of elasticity - Young’s modulus – Derivation –
Cohesive and adhesive forces - Surface tension - Illustrations - Capillarity –angle of contact –
definition- examples for capillarity- Formula for Surface tension based on capillarity (no derivation)
– Viscosity - Illustrations of viscosity - Newton’s formula for viscous force – derivation -
Coefficient of viscosity - Poiseuille’s equation - Effect of temperature on viscosity of liquids and
gases– streamlines - laminar flow - turbulent flow - Reynold’s number - equation of continuity –
statement - related problems.
Unit-V: HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
Heat – expansion of gases - Boyle’s law –concept of absolute zero - Absolute scale of temperature –
Charles’ laws - Ideal gas equation – derivation - value of universal gas constant ‘R’ –Isothermal
and Adiabatic processes - Differences between isothermal and adiabatic processes - Internal energy
and external work done – Expression for work done – derivation – first law of thermodynamics –
application of first law to isothermal and adiabatic processes - second law of thermodynamics –
specific heat of a gas – molar specific heat of a gas – definitions – derive relation between CP and Cv
- related problems.
Unit-VI: CONSERVATION LAWS AND ENERGY SOURCES
Work and Energy - Potential Energy and kinetic energy–examples – expressions for PE and KE -
derivations - Work-Energy theorem – derivation – Law of conservation of energy – examples - Law
of conservation of energy in the case of freely falling body – proof – Illustration of conservation of
energy in the case of simple pendulum– Non renewable and renewable energy sources - related
problems
Unit-VII: WAVES AND SOUND
Wave motion – definition and characteristics – audible range – infrasonic and ultrasonic –
longitudinal and transverse waves – examples – Relation between wavelength, frequency and
velocity of a wave – derivation –stationary waves- beats - applications of beats - Doppler effect –
list the applications – ultrasound and radar in medicine and engineering as special emphasis- echo –
definition - applications - relation between time of echo and distance of obstacle –derivation-
Reverberation and time of reverberation - Sabine’s formula - Free and forced vibrations - Resonance
- Conditions of good auditorium - noise pollution – definition – causes, effects and methods to
minimize noise pollution - problems
Unit-VIII: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

Periodic motion - Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)– definition - examples - Conditions for SHM –
Projection of circular motion on any diameter of a circle is SHM - Expressions for Displacement,
Velocity and Acceleration of a particle executing SHM – derivations - Time period, frequency,
amplitude and phase of a particle in SHM - Ideal simple pendulum – time period of simple

Page 3 of 8
 ECE

pendulum –derivation - laws of simple pendulum-Seconds pendulum- problems

Unit-IX: MODERN PHYSICS
Photo electric effect - Einstein’s photo electric equation – Work function and threshold frequency -
laws of photo electric effect - applications of photo electric effect – photo cell - concept of
Refraction of light - critical angle and total internal reflection - principle of Optical fiber -
Applications of optical fiber – LASER – definition and characteristics – principle of LASER -
spontaneous emission and stimulated emission - population inversion - examples of LASER – Uses.
Unit-X: MAGNETISM
Magnetic field - magnetic lines of force -properties - Uniform and Non-uniform magnetic field –
Magnetic length, pole strength – magnetic induction field strength- definition - Coulomb’s inverse
square law of magnetism - expression for moment of couple on a bar magnet placed in a uniform
magnetic field – derivation - expression for magnetic induction field strength at a point on the axial
line of a bar magnet –derivation - Dia, Para and Ferro magnetic materials – examples - related
problems.
Unit-XI: ELECTRICITY AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Ohm’s law – Ohmic and non ohmic conductors – examples - Temperature dependence of resistance
– coefficients of resistance with examples - Specific resistance – units – conductance- series and
parallel combination of resistors - moving coil galvanometer - conversion of galvanometer into
ammeter and voltmeter with diagram (qualitatively) – Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws in
electricity – Expression for balancing condition of Wheatstone’s bridge – derivation – Meter bridge
–working with neat diagram –Superconductivity-definition-superconductors - definition and
examples – applications - related problems.
Unit-XII: ELECTRONICS
Solids – definition – energy bands in solids- valence band, conduction band and forbidden band –
Energy band diagram of conductors, insulators and semiconductors – concept of Fermi level -
Intrinsic semiconductors - examples - Concept of holes in semiconductors - Doping - Extrinsic
semiconductor - P-type and N-type semiconductors - PN Junction diode – Forward Bias and
Reverse Bias - Applications of PN diode - Diode as rectifier – principle – principle of Light
Emitting Diode and solar cell.

CHEMISTRY (25 Marks)

Unit-I: Fundamentals of Chemistry

Atomic Structure: Introduction - Atomic number - Mass number- Bohr's Atomic theory - Aufbau
principle - Hund's rule - Pauli's exclusion Principle- Orbitals, shapes of s, p and d orbitals -
Electronic configuration of elements
Chemical Bonding: Introduction - Electronic theory of valency - Types of chemical bonds - Ionic,
covalent and co-ordinate covalent bond with examples - Properties of Ionic and Covalent
compounds
Oxidation-Reduction: Electronic Concepts of Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidation Number-
calculations.

Page 4 of 8
 ECE

Unit -II: Solutions and Colloids

Introduction-Classification of solutions based on physical state- Molecular weights, Equivalent
weights - Expression of concentration - Mole concept, Molarity, Normality, Numerical problems on
Mole, Molarity and Normality - Colloids- Types of colloids- Lyophilic and Lyophobic colloids -
Industrial applications of colloids.
Unit -III: Acids and Bases
Introduction - theories of acids and bases and limitations - Arrhenius theory-Bronsted-Lowry theory
- Lewis acid base theory - Ionic product of water - pH and related numerical problems - Buffer
solutions- buffer action - applications of buffer solution.
Unit -IV: Environmental Studies-I
Introduction - environment -scope and importance of environmental studies- important terms -
renewable and non-renewable energy sources - Concept of ecosystem, producers, consumers and
decomposers - Biodiversity, definition and threats to Biodiversity- Forest resources- Over
exploitation-Deforestation.
Unit -V: Water Technology
Introduction -soft and hard water - causes of hardness – types of hardness -disadvantages of hard
water - degree of hardness (ppm) - softening methods - permutit process - ion exchange process -
drinking water - municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose - Osmosis, Reverse Osmosis -
advantages of Reverse Osmosis – Desalination by Electro dialysis - Defluoridation – Nalgonda
technique.
Unit -VI: Electrochemistry
Conductors, insulators, electrolytes –Types of electrolytes - Arrhenius theory of electrolytic
dissociation - electrolysis -electrolysis of fused NaCl and aqueous NaCl - applications of electrolysis
- Faraday's laws of electrolysis- numerical problems.
Unit -VI I: Metallurgy
Characteristics of Metals - distinguish between Metals and Non Metals- Ore, Gangue, Flux and Slag
- Concentration of Ore -Froth floatation - Methods of Extraction of crude Metal - Roasting,
Calcination and Smelting - Alloys-purpose of making alloys - Composition of Brass, German silver,
Nichrome, Stainless steel and Duralumin
Unit –VIII: Corrosion
Introduction - factors influencing the rate of corrosion - electrochemical theory of corrosion -
composition, stress and concentration cells- rusting of iron and its mechanism - prevention of
corrosion - coating methods, Paints-constituents and characteristics of paints-cathodic protection
Unit –IX: Polymers
Introduction - polymerization - types of polymerization - addition, condensation with examples -
plastics - types of plastics - advantages of plastics over traditional materials - Disadvantages of
using plastics - preparation and uses of the following plastics: 1. Polythene 2. PVC 3.Teflon
4.Polystyrene 5.Urea formaldehyde 6. Bakelite - Rubber - Elastomers –Preparation of Butyl rubber,
Buna-s rubber, Neoprene rubber and their uses-Fibres-Preparation and uses of fibres-Nylon 6,6-

Page 5 of 8
 ECE

Polyester
Unit –X: Fuels
Definition and classification of fuels- characteristics of good fuel - Calorific value-HCV and LCV-
Calculation of oxygen required for combustion of methane and ethane - composition and uses of
gaseous fuels - a) Water gas b) Producer gas, c) Natural gas, d) Coal gas, e) Bio gas and f)
Acetylene.
Unit –XI: Electro Motive Force
Galvanic cell – standard electrode potential -electro chemical series -emf of cell – Batteries-Types
of batteries-Fuel cells.
Unit –XII: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-II
Introduction- classification of air pollutants based on origin and states of matter - Air pollution;
causes and effects - control methods - Water pollution; causes and effects - control measures.

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (100 Marks)

Unit-I: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Semiconductor diodes – Varactor diode – Zener diode – Clippers and Clampers-Transistors– FETs –
UJT (characteristics only) – Power supplies – Rectifiers and Filters – Half wave, Full Wave and
Bridge type – Shunt capacitor, LC and CLC & CRC filters – Series and Shunt regulators, RC
regulators – Transistor amplifiers – CE, CC and CB configurations – Biasing techniques –
Stabilization in amplifiers, Stability factor-RC coupled amplifiers, Differential amplifier –
Feedback, Power and Tuned amplifiers - LC and Crystal oscillators – Operational amplifiers –
Characteristics and applications – Astable and Monostable Multi vibrators using 555 timers-
Schmitt Trigger – Sweep circuits – Miller and Bootstrap circuits, VCO, PLL- Fabrication of ICs.
Unit-II: CIRCUIT THEORY
Ohms’ Law, KCL & KVL-Mesh current and Node voltage analysis – Crammer‘s Rule – Concept of
graph-nodes, junctions, loops - Constant K LPF & HPF – T type & 𝜋 type Attenuator – Network
theorems – Thevenin’s, Norton‘s, Maximum Power transfer, Superposition and Reciprocity
theorems– Star to Delta and Delta to Star transformations. Series and Parallel Resonance – Q factor
– Selectivity – Bandwidth- Transient analysis-RC and RL, Linear wave shaping circuits.
Transmission Lines – Characteristic Impedance – Reflection Coefficient – SWR – Transmission
Line losses and Impedance matching.
Unit-III: INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
Thyristor family – SCR, DIAC & TRIAC – Off Line and On Line UPS – Working & Applications
of SMPS – Working of Servo stabilizer - Opto electronic devices – LDR (characteristics and
applications) – Transducers – LVDT – Strain Gauge, Working of RTD - Thermocouple - Pulsed
echo ultrasonic flaw detector – Industrial heating methods-Induction and dielectric heating- Types
of electrical welding-Resistive welding- Applications of Transducer in servo motor - Architecture of
PLCs - Ladder symbols – diagram, working- PLCs types - Features of Siemen’s, Allenbradly-
Applications of PLCs – Importance of SCADA.

Page 6 of 8
 ECE

Unit-IV: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Analog modulation– Need for modulation – Types of modulation – AM, FM , PM, SSB, VSB –
Modulation Index in AM & FM– Bandwidth in AM & FM – Frequency deviation in FM – Need for
pre-emphasis and de-emphasis– Transmitters – Low level and High level – Receivers– Block
diagram of TRF Receiver and its limitations-Super heterodyne Receiver – Need for AVC-Fading-
AM and FM receivers - choice of IF - Foster-Seely discriminator –
Wave Propagation – Ground, Sky and Space wave.
Pulse modulation, Sampling, PAM,PWM,PPM– PCM, Delta modulation – RZ and NRZ line coding
– Error detection and correction - Digital modulation – ASK, FSK, PSK and QAM – Generation and
detection – Multiplexing – TDM , FDM- Multiple access – TDMA, FDMA, CDMA – Internet
Telephony- Antennas – Radiation resistance – Beam width – Polarization – Directivity – Efficiency
– Bandwidth – Gain – Front to back ratio – Folded dipole – Arrays – Broadside – End fire – Yagi
Uda antenna-Turnstile antennas-loop antenna-horn antenna-helical antenna -Binomial antenna –
Rhombic antenna – Log periodic antenna – Parabolic reflectors - Cassegrain feed arrangement –
Beam width, gain and applications..
Wave Guides – Rectangular – Dominant mode – Phase and Group velocity – Cut off wavelength –
Microwave components – E&H plane Tee-Need for isolator and circulator, Directional coupler -
Applications of Magnetron – Working principle and application of Klystron and TWT, Reflex
Klystron oscillator – Radar – Range equation – Pulsed radar – Radar displays – Duplexer – CW
radar and MTI radar - Satellite communication – Uplink and Downlink frequencies – Definitions of
Perigee, Apogee, Azimuth and elevation angles – Types of satellites – Types of transponders –
Satellite on board –Earth station system
Unit-V: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Number systems – Logic gates – Boolean algebra – Digital IC logic families TTL , CMOS IC’s –
Adders and Subtractors, Multiplexers, De multiplexers-Encoders-Decoders, Comparators – Flip-
flops– Registers and Counters – Memories – RAM, ROM, Applications of Flash ROM – D/A
converters – Binary weighted,R-2R Ladder, A/D Converter – Counter Ramp and Successive
approximation types.
Unit-VI: MICROCONTROLLERS, PROGRAMMING, INTERFACING & APPLICATIONS
Block diagram of 8051 architecture – Pin diagram of 8051 – Instruction Set of 8051 – Addressing
modes of 8051 – Subroutines – Use of input and output machine related statements – Time delay
program – Internal memory organization – Interrupts of 8051 – Peripheral ICs – 8255 - Interfacing
of push button switch - Interfacing of 7 Segment display – Interfacing of LED-LCD pins and
interfacing of LCD- Interfacing of 4 X 4 matrix key board –RS 232 – Block diagram of 8251 and
8257 - Pin diagram of 8251 and 8257 - DB25 & DB9 connector.
Unit-VII: CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
Television Picture elements – Scanning and synchronization – Blanking and interlacing – composite
video signal, flicker, CCIR standards – Positive and Negative modulation – Color TV – Additive
and subtractive mixing – Types of color TV systems – NTSC, PAL and SECAM – Block diagram
of color TV transmitter – Block diagram of Color TV receiver – PAL system processing – DTH
system – Features of HDTV and Smart TV.

Page 7 of 8
 ECE

Unit-VIII: DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER NETWORKS

Transmission Media – Twisted pair – UTP – STP – Coaxial cable – Optical fiber – Comparison of
transmission media- Shannon Capacity theorem – Network Topologies – BUS, STAR, RING –
Switching – Packet and Circuit switching – OSI 7 layer model and functions – CSMA and token
ring – Properties and operations – Wireless LAN – Bluetooth technology – WAN architecture –
Packet transmission – ARPANET – ISP and ISDN architectures – WAN Protocols – TCP / IP
features and comparison – Ports and Sockets – Domain Name System – Email – File transfer
protocol – Proxy server and Web server architecture-List HTTP commands – security services-
Message confidentiality-Message integrity – Message authentication – Entity authentication – Web
Browser Architecture-Key management-Digital signature – Firewalls in securing networks.
*****

Page 8 of 8