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    4 Hydraulics of Eng Lecture, Fall Semester

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    NaqibullahSediqi
    The document is a chapter from a hydraulics textbook covering pipelines and pipe networks. It discusses different types of pipeline systems including series pipelines, parallel pipelines, and branching pipe networks. It provides examples of calculating flow rates and head losses in pipeline systems connecting two or three reservoirs. Iterative calculation methods are described for problems where the flow rate or pipe diameter needs to be determined given other parameters like head loss or flow. An example problem and solution is shown for a three-reservoir branching pipe network.

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    4 Hydraulics of Eng Lecture, Fall Semester

    Uploaded by

    NaqibullahSediqi
    16 views16 pages
    The document is a chapter from a hydraulics textbook covering pipelines and pipe networks. It discusses different types of pipeline systems including series pipelines, parallel pipelines, and branching pipe networks. It provides examples of calculating flow rates and head losses in pipeline systems connecting two or three reservoirs. Iterative calculation methods are described for problems where the flow rate or pipe diameter needs to be determined given other parameters like head loss or flow. An example problem and solution is shown for a three-reservoir branching pipe network.

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    The document is a chapter from a hydraulics textbook covering pipelines and pipe networks. It discusses different types of pipeline systems including series pipelines, parallel pipelines, and branching pipe networks. It provides examples of calculating flow rates and head losses in pipeline systems connecting two or three reservoirs. Iterative calculation methods are described for problems where the flow rate or pipe diameter needs to be determined given other parameters like head loss or flow. An example problem and solution is shown for a three-reservoir branching pipe network.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views16 pages

    4 Hydraulics of Eng Lecture, Fall Semester

    Uploaded by

    NaqibullahSediqi
    The document is a chapter from a hydraulics textbook covering pipelines and pipe networks. It discusses different types of pipeline systems including series pipelines, parallel pipelines, and branching pipe networks. It provides examples of calculating flow rates and head losses in pipeline systems connecting two or three reservoirs. Iterative calculation methods are described for problems where the flow rate or pipe diameter needs to be determined given other parameters like head loss or flow. An example problem and solution is shown for a three-reservoir branching pipe network.

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    CE (353)

    Hydraulics of Engineering

    Fall Semester, 2022


    Naqibullah Sediqi
    [email protected]

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 1


    CE (353)
    Hydraulics of Engineering
    October 2022

    Chapter 4
    Pipelines and Pipe Networks
    Agenda/Topics:
    • Pipelines and Pipe Networks
    • Pipelines Connecting Two Reservoirs

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 2


    Pipelines and Pipe Networks
     In general, when a number of pipes are connected together to transport
    water for a given project, they perform as a system that may include
    series pipes, parallel pipes, branching pipes, elbows, valves, meters,
    and other appurtenances.
     The arrangement is known as a pipeline if all elements are connected
    in series. Otherwise, the arrangement is a pipe network.

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 3


    4.1 Pipelines Connecting Two Reservoirs
     A pipeline is a system of one or more pipes connected in series and
    designed to transport water from one location (often a reservoir) to
    another. There are three principal types of pipeline
    1. Given the flow rate and the pipe combinations, determine the total head loss.
    2. Given the allowable total head loss and the pipe combinations, determine the flow rate.
    3. Given the flow rate and the allowable total head loss, determine the pipe diameter.

    Note: The first type of problem can be solved by a direct approach, but the second and third types
    involve iterative procedures as shown in the following examples.

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 4


    Example 4.1

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 5


    4.2 Negative Pressure Scenarios (Pipelines and Pumps)

    In the vicinity of the pipeline summit (S in Figure 4.2), the pressure head may take on a negative value.

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 6


    Cont’d…
    Negative gauge pressure (in reference to atmospheric pressure as zero, Patm = 0)
    exists in a pipeline wherever the pipeline is raised above the hydraulic grade line
    (between P and Q in Figure 4.2). This negative pressure reaches a maximum value
    at the summit, -(Ps/γ).

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 7


    4.3 Branching Pipe Systems
     Branching pipe systems are the result of more than two pipelines converging at a junction.
     The hydraulics of branching pipe systems at a junction can be best demonstrated by the
    classical three-reservoir problem
     in which three reservoirs of different elevation are connected to a common junction J, as
    shown in Figure 4.4.
     Given the lengths, diameters, and material of all pipes involved, as well as the water
    elevation in each of the three reservoirs, the discharges to or from each reservoir (Q1, Q2,
    and Q3) can be determined.

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 8


    Cont’d…

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 9


    The three reservoir problem: iterative solution method

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 10


    4.3 Branching Pipe Systems

    ℎ𝐴 = ℎ𝑓1 + 𝐻𝐽

    ℎ𝐵 = ℎ𝑓2 + 𝐻𝐽

    ℎ𝐶 = ℎ𝑓3 − 𝐻𝐽

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 11


    Example 4.6

    In Figure 4.5 (a), the three reservoirs A, B, and C are


    connected by pipes to a common junction J. Pipe AJ is
    1,000 m long and 30 cm in diameter; pipe BJ is 4,000 m
    long and 50 cm in diameter; and pipe CJ is 2,000
    m long and 40 cm in diameter. The pipes are made of
    concrete for which e = 0.6 mm may be assumed.
    Determine the discharge in each pipe if the water
    temperature is 20°C (v = 1.003 * 10−6 𝑚2 /s). Neglect the
    minor losses.
    ℎ𝐵 = ℎ𝑓2 + 𝐻𝐽 ℎ𝐴 = ℎ𝑓1 + 𝐻𝐽 ℎ𝐶 = ℎ𝑓3 − 𝐻𝐽

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 12


    Solution
    Pipe # Material e L D A HJ HR hf f v NR F (new) v Q Flow Di S Q
    1 CONC 0.6 1000 0.3 0.070684 100 120 20 0.023420496 2.242 670575.1 0.023421 2.24193 0.158 IN -0.08
    2 CONC 0.6 4000 0.5 0.196344 100 100 0 0.020536809 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #####
    3 CONC 0.6 2000 0.4 0.12566 100 80 20 0.021727014 1.9006 757946.5 0.021727 1.90053 0.239 OUT

    Pipe # Material e L D A HJ HR hf f v NR F (new) v Q Flow Di S Q


    1 CONC 0.6 1000 0.3 0.070684 90 120 30 0.023420496 2.7458 821283.4 0.023421 2.7458 0.194 IN 0.24
    2 CONC 0.6 4000 0.5 0.196344 90 100 10 0.020536809 1.0928 544762.4 0.020537 1.09278 0.215
    3 CONC 0.6 2000 0.4 0.12566 90 80 10 0.021727014 1.3439 535949.1 0.021728 1.34388 0.169 OUT

    Pipe # Material e L D A HJ HR hf f v NR F (new) v Q Flow Di S Q


    1 CONC 0.6 1000 0.3 0.070684 99 120 21 0.023420496 2.2973 687135 0.023421 2.2973 0.162 IN -0.0025
    2 CONC 0.6 4000 0.5 0.196344 99 100 1 0.020536809 0.3456 172269 0.020538 0.34556 0.068
    3 CONC 0.6 2000 0.4 0.12566 99 80 19 0.021727014 1.8524 738754.8 0.021727 1.85241 0.233 OUT

    0.25 𝑓𝐿𝑉 2 ℎ𝑓 𝐷2𝑔


    f= 𝑒 5.74 ℎ𝑓 =
    𝐷2𝑔
    𝑉=
    𝑓𝐿
    ℎ𝐵 = ℎ𝑓2 + 𝐻𝐽 ℎ𝐴 = ℎ𝑓1 + 𝐻𝐽
    2log(3.7𝐷+ 0.9 )
    𝑁𝑅 ℎ𝐶 = ℎ𝑓3 − 𝐻𝐽

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 13


    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 14
    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 15
    Thanks!

    10/30/2022 ENGINEERING FACULTY OF KABUL UNIVERSITY 16

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