Smart Glasses and Augmented Reality For Maintenance 4.0: Algerian Journal of Research and Technology ISSN: 2543-3954

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Algerian Journal of Research and Technology

ISSN : 2543-3954
A.J.R.T Volume 6 (N° 1) (2022) 57 – 62
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of The 1st
International Symposium on INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY
IEMS'22.

Smart Glasses and Augmented Reality for Maintenance


4.0
I.B. Bouabdallah1, N. Aissani 2
1
IMSI, University Mohamed Ben Ahmed Oran2, (Algeria).
2
LISIDD, IMSI, University Mohamed Ben Ahmed Oran2, (Algeria)

*Corresponding author :E-mail: 1 E-mail: israa.bouabdellah@gmail.com, 2 E-mail : aissani.nassima@univ-


oran2.dz,

Abstract. According to the journal (the m.a.g of economics 2021), the term "Industrial
Revolution" defines many of the factors that have changed the world since the 18th
century through technological innovation, new modes of production, and means of
communication. Socially, the Industrial Revolution represents a transition from a society
primarily based on agriculture and crafts to industrial and trading companies.
In these recent years, many things have been reported about the transformation called
"Industry 4.0". Still, many managers don't know much about it. Switching to Industry 4.0
has the potential to increase productivity, significantly reduce costs, and significant
improvement of product quality by introducing digital technologies
In general, technology allows for the control of production at each stage of the process,
which improves the product’s quality. It also helps to reduce – if not eliminate – downtime
thanks to equipment data that alerts maintenance men when it's time to perform sustention
checks and alerts them about potential problems.
Industry 4.0 is based on information technologies such as” big data”, which is a
technological domain dedicated to analyzing a large volume of computer data, IOT, or
“internet of objects”. In this paper, we are interested in augmented reality which
designates a virtual interface, in 2D or 3D, which enriches reality by superimposing
additional information.
In this project, we focus on augmenting reality by creating assistant intelligent glasses.
Which has the goal of allowing the maintainer to have accurate and detailed information
by recognizing the equipment in front of him keeping a clear large view, and gaining
precious time All of this without the use of hands or exert much effort.

Keywords. Augmented reality, Maintenance 4.0, Bigdata, IOT, Embedded system.

INTRODUCTION
Industrial systems are becoming increasingly complex. This complexity is a cause of several
incidents and faults, occasioning considerable damage to the material, the environment, and
people. Maintenance optimization and the choice of maintenance strategies play an important

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role in the efficient operation of any industrial system (Aissani et al., 2009), to ensure equipment
availability and high production quality at minimum cost. Predictive Maintenance has emerged
as a new and effective strategy, which can minimize maintenance costs by up to 30% and
eliminate failures by 75% compared to conventional preventive maintenance (Stenström et al.,
2016).
Implementing such approaches necessitates a well-structured architecture, which can be aided
by the use of emerging ICT technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing,
advanced data analytics, and augmented reality. As a result, this paper describes the architecture
of an intelligent and predictive maintenance system that follows the principles of Industry 4.0.
It is equipment that collects data from the system and sends them to a platform that can retrieve
and predict actions to be shown to the operator on site.
The paper is organized as follows: The first section and state of the art of preventive
maintenance are presented, then a second section presents the architecture of the application
and materials for preparing project planning and implementation, and the third section present
introduces experiments.

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE IS A STATE OF THE ART


Preventive maintenance is maintenance that consists of intervening on an asset according to
predetermined criteria or at regular intervals before it breaks down, its main objective is to
reduce the probability of failure or unavailability of equipment during use. The cost analysis of
preventive maintenance must have a gain greater than the failures it avoids (Stenström et al.,
2016).
It can take two different forms: systematic preventive maintenance and conditional preventive
maintenance.
- Systematic preventive maintenance is planned preventive maintenance on equipment
according to a time-based or unit-of-use schedule.
- Conditional maintenance is preventive maintenance that is carried out only when a certain
significant predetermined threshold is crossed, depending on the state of degradation of the
asset.

Systematic preventive maintenance:


Most failure modes are age-independent. However, in most failure modes, you will see some
warning that it is about to or will occur.
If you find evidence that something is in the early stages of failure, you can take steps to prevent
a complete failure and/or the consequences of the failure. Therefore, strategic condition-based
maintenance looks for physical signs that a failure is occurring or is imminent. This view of
CBM points to a wide range of applications other than condition monitoring technology. This
is often only relevant for rotating equipment.

Conditional maintenance:
Most failure modes are age-independent. However, in most failure modes, you will see some
warning that it is about to or will occur.
If you find evidence that something is in the early stages of failure, you can take steps to prevent
a complete failure and/or the consequences of the failure. Therefore, strategic condition-based
maintenance looks for physical signs that a failure is occurring or is imminent. This view of
CBM points to a wide range of applications other than condition monitoring technology. This
is often only relevant for rotating equipment.

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MAINTENANCE 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES
It is impossible to find a solution to a sustainable maintenance problem without considering
technology as an integral part of development. From a maintenance perspective, the
development of new technologies and end-user requirements have had a significant impact on
both the subject of maintenance work (machines and systems) and the way maintenance
measures are planned and implemented. Today, we use the most common term, "smart
machines," when it comes to applying new technologies to machines and equipment. The term
"smart machine" means a more networked, more flexible, more efficient, and safer machine.
You can respond quickly to new requirements. Smart machines have three main components:
physical components, intelligent components, and connectivity components. Although smart
components are directly linked to services related to physical components, connectivity allows
information to be exchanged between the machine and its environment, allowing services to
existing outside the physical machine itself.
Intelligence and connectivity enable the features and capabilities of entirely new machines.
• Monitoring: Machines can monitor their status, operations, and external environment through
sensors and external data sources to alert users and other stakeholders of changes in status and
performance.
• Control: The machine can be controlled via remote commands or algorithms that are
integrated into the device or located in the machining cloud.
• Optimization: Smart, connected machines can apply algorithms and analysis to current or
historical data to improve performance, utilization, and efficiency.
• Autonomy: A combination of monitoring, control, and optimization capabilities that provides
intelligent networked machines with a level of autonomy never before achieved. At the simplest
level, autonomous machines operate in real-time using sensors and software. More
sophisticated machines can learn about the environment, self-diagnose their unique service
needs, and adapt to user preferences. Autonomy not only reduces the need for operators but
also increases safety in hazardous environments and facilitates remote operations. (Jasiulewicz-
Kaczmarek and Gola, 2019).

Augmented reality (AR) :


Augmented Reality (AR) is defined as a real-time direct or indirect view of a physical real-
world environment that has been enhanced/augmented by adding virtual computer-generated
information to it (‘Augmented reality’, 2021). An Augmented reality (AR) is also referred to as
a system that combines real and virtual worlds, is interactive, and registers in three dimensions
(Azuma, 1997). It can be used to enhance or destroy the natural environment. Augment reality
technology can make some experiences possible that otherwise seem to be very hard or
impossible to implement. After decades and major advances in AR enablement thanks to the
development of technologies, such as cameras, sensors, tracking algorithms, visualization
technologies, and general information and communication technologies, AR is now entering
the consumer market. At that time, AR was recognized as one of the main technologies of the
Fourth Industrial Revolution, the so-called industry4.0 (Masoni et al., 2017).
Augmented Reality as a support for maintenance is just one example of what can be achieved
by introducing AR into the industry. AR helps reduce maintenance task time and errors
(Fiorentino, 2014).
In this paper, we are exploring the use of augmented reality in preventive maintenance.

APPLICATION PROTOTYPE
Functions specification
After placing the device in the field of view of the camera or glasses and defining which device
it is, the information is displayed and stored in the database.

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The following describes the information that is displayed:
 First, there is a technical datasheet
 Second, history.
 Third, preventive maintenance and repair maintenance.

Material specification:
The prototype is composed of glasses and equipment.
 Microcontroller.
 Camera.
 Nano Display.
 Battery.
The prototype is shown in figure 2.

EXPERIMENTATION
These glasses are tested on known equipment DVC6020 Positioner.
To compare the duration of the old intervention method with the new method (using glasses),
we created this table to show the time difference between the latter.
Maintenance has time for preparation, documentation, and repairs.

Table 1. Comparative table of time


Action Ideal time without glasses Time with glasses
Preparation from 7h to 8h 20min
Documentation from 6h to 7h 20min
Repair 4h 1h

Analysis of results
Analysis of the results of a small device using the positioner example showed that maintenance
times fluctuate between 1-2 working days. For comparison: With the glasses that have just been
run (Fig. 2), maintenance of this equipment will be completed in less than 2 hours.

Fig.1. Prototype 3D.

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Fig.2. An example of the use of glasses.

CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES


Industrial engineers can optimize industrial maintenance. Augmented reality glasses give
operators all the information they need to perform maintenance tasks smoothly and give them
the freedom to move around. Wearing augmented reality glasses gives you the freedom to use
hands. This is not always the case with tablets, phones, computers, and even paper documents.
Smart glass solutions allow technicians to intervene as quickly as possible in the event of a
failure, limiting downtime for sometimes long and very expensive machines. We also intervene
in preventive maintenance, especially if we perform checks to avoid possible failures and
delayed activity.
This prototype has been tested with good results, but it is not without problems such as creating
a database, angle for display, and display of glasses.
However, there are still some areas that need improvement. Specified optimization on much
lighter models, expanding the Smart glass network, expanding Smart glasses with additional
options, and expanding the database.

REFERENCES
Aissani, N., Beldjilali, B., & Trentesaux, D. (2009). Dynamic scheduling of maintenance tasks
in the petroleum industry: A reinforcement approach. Engineering Applications of Artificial
Intelligence, 22(7), 1089-1103.
Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence: teleoperators & virtual
environments, 6(4), 355-385.
Fiorentino, M., Uva, A. E., Gattullo, M., Debernardis, S., & Monno, G. (2014). Augmented
reality on large screen for interactive maintenance instructions. Computers in
Industry, 65(2), 270-278.
Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek, M., & Gola, A. (2019). Maintenance 4.0 technologies for sustainable
manufacturing-an overview. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(10), 91-96.

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Masoni, R., Ferrise, F., Bordegoni, M., Gattullo, M., Uva, A. E., Fiorentino, M., ... & Di
Donato, M. (2017). Supporting remote maintenance in industry 4.0 through augmented
reality. Procedia manufacturing, 11, 1296-1302.
Stenström, C., Norrbin, P., Parida, A., & Kumar, U. (2016). Preventive and corrective
maintenance–cost comparison and cost–benefit analysis. Structure and Infrastructure
Engineering, 12(5), 603-617.

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