Art of The Pid-Aiche-Rbt11-15-19

Art Of The
P&ID
Ford, Bacon & Davis, LLC 1

• Piping And Instrument Diagram (P&ID) Is A
Schematic Diagram That Shows How
Equipment And Instruments Connect To Form
A Functional Process System
• The P&ID Is The Chief Control Document For

The Engineering Design Of Petrochemical And
Refinery Systems

• Defines Scope
• Specifies Systems
• Identifies Essential Components
• Guides Engineering Design
• Tracks Changes
• Assists Construction
• Trains Operators
• Meets PSI Requirements

Component Function
Equipment Convert
Instruments Control
Pipe Connect
Convey
• Equipment Is Shown With Symbols That
Represent Different Types Of Equipment
– Columns
– Heat Exchangers
– Pressure Vessels
– Pumps
– Tanks

• Instruments Are Shown With Symbols That
Represent Inline Or Attached Devices That
Measure Or Control The Process
– Analyzers
– Control Valves
– Flow Meters
– Local Indicators
– Software Elements
– Transmitters

• Piping Between Equipment Is Shown As Lines
With Special Symbols For Piping Components
– Expansion Joints
– Insulation / Heat Tracing
– Flanges
– Reducers
– Specialty Pipe Items
– Valves

• Signals Between Instruments Are Also Shown
As Lines, Usually Dashed Or With Special
Symbols
– Hard Wired Links
– Hydraulic Connections
– Pneumatic Connections
– Software Links

• Locate The ROAD MAP
• Standardize On FORMAT
• LAYOUT For Clarity
• ANALYZE Content for Accuracy
• AUDIT For Completeness
• CHECK For Consistency

Locate The
ROAD MAP

• Finalize P&ID Legends & Symbols Early
– Use Client Standard If Available
– Copy From Previous Client Project
– Develop For New Project & Get Client Approval
• Use PIP PIC001 P&ID Documentation Criteria
As Default
• Legends & Symbols Should Match CADD
Drafting Symbology

• Use P&ID Kickoff Meeting(s) For Project Team
Review And Consensus
– P&ID Symbology / Layout
– Execution Plan
– Management Of Change
• Follow P&ID Quality Assurance Matrix And
P&ID Completeness Checklist For Each Stage
Of P&ID Development

• Abbreviations
• Equipment Symbols
• Instrument Symbols
• Pipe Symbols
• Keys For Equipment, Instrument, & Pipe
Numbering
• Standard Details
• Tag Numbers For Equipment
– Letter Code For Equipment Type
– Number For Specific Identification

Function Type
Exchange Heat CT = Cooling Tower
FH = Fired Heater
HE = Heat Exchanger (Shell & Tube)
RU = Refrigeration Unit
Move Fluid K = Blower/Fan/Compressor
EJ= Eductor/Ejector
P = Pump
React Components FL = Flare
RX = Reactor (Catalyst Bed, Furnace)
Separate Components C = Column
F = Filter
Store Fluid D = Drum
TK = Tank
• Loop Numbers For Instruments (ISA Typical)
– Letter Code For Instrument Function
– Letter Code For Instrument Type

Function Type
A = Analyze C = Controller
F = Flow E = Element
L = Level I = Indicator
P = Pressure T = Transmitter
T = Temperature V = Valve

• Line Numbers For Piping
– Pipe Size
– Process Or Utility Service Code
– Pipe Specification
– Insulation Type
– Insulation Thickness
– Heat Tracing Requirement

• Specialty Item Numbers For Special Pipe
Components Not Addressed In Pipe
Specifications
• Tie Point Numbers
• Sample Connection Numbers
• Valve Specification Numbers

Standardize On
FORMAT

Border
Stationary Equipment Title Blocks
Upper Pipe Highway

Notes
Stationary Equipment Symbols

Incoming Outgoing
Stream Stream
Arrows Lower Pipe Highway Arrows Reference
Drawings
List
Rotating Equipment Symbols Revision
Log
Drawing
Rotating Equipment Title Blocks
Title Block

• P&ID Drafting Procedure (Client)
• Drawing Size
• Borders
• Drawing Title Block
• Equipment Title Blocks
• Layers
• Line Weights
• Fonts

• Standard P&ID Drawing Size Is ANSI D Which Is
22” High By 34” Wide
• 11” X 17” Size (ANSI B) Is Typically Used For

Reference Is A Reduction Of The Standard Size

• Identifies Boundary Of Drawing Content
• Spacing Between Edge Of Drawing And Border

To Allow For Copy Misalignment
• Thickness Of Border Line May Vary
• Drawing File Name Usually Outside Of Border

• Client Name And Logo
• Location
• Drawing Subject Information
• Drawing Number
• Revision Number
• General Drafting Information
• Revision Description

• First Line: Plant Or Unit Or Project
• Second Line: Type Of Drawing
– Piping & Instrument Diagram
– Process Flow Diagram
– Process Block Diagram
• Third Line: Process Section Of Plant Or Unit
• Fourth Line: Key Equipment Description

• Client Usually Has Specific System For
Numbering Drawings
• Typical Drawing Number Format
– Drawing Size Designator
– Plant/Unit/Process Section Designator
– Type Of Drawing Designator
– Sequential Drawing Number

• Example: D-1015-G-00233
• D = Drawing Size (22” X 34”)
• 1015 = Unit Number
• G = Flow Diagram
• 00233 = Sequential Number

• Drawings For A Project Are Generally Issued At
Different Stages Of Development
• Each Stage More Complete Than The Preceding
Stage
• Typical Stages:
– Issue For Client Comment (IFCC) Or Preliminary Issue
– Issue For Approval (IFA)
– Issue For Design (IFD)
– Issue For Construction (IFC)
– Issue For Record (IFR)
• New Drawing Will Carry a Revision Letter A, B, C,
Etc. During Preliminary, Approval, and Design
Issues
• Drawing is Typically Issued For Construction As

Revision 0 (Zero)
• Any Further Revisions Carry Revision Numbers (1,

2, 3, Etc.)
• Revision Description For New Drawing Will Use

Issue Description (IFCC, IFA, IFD, IFC, IFR)
• Existing Drawing Revised For A Project Will Carry The
Next Revision Number Followed By A Letter A, B, C, Etc.
During Preliminary, Approval, And Design Issues
• When The Drawing Is Issued For Construction, The

Letter Designation Is Dropped From The Revision
Number
• The Revision Description For A Revised Drawing Will

Typically Use The Project Title Along With
Development Stage (IFCC, IFA, IFD, IFC, IFR)
• Select Meaningful Drawing Titles
• Update Drawing Titles As P&ID Content

Changes
• Keep Revision Log Up To Date

LAYOUT
For Clarity

• P&IDs Are Conceptual Drawings
• However, Presentation Should Reflect Reality
As Much As Possible
• Pipers’ Trap:
– Why Didn’t You Design It Like The P&ID?
– The P&ID Is A Conceptual Drawing!
– Why Did You Design It This Way?
– I Designed It Just Like The P&ID Showed It!

GRAVITY FLOW

GRAVITY FLOW

• Develop A Preliminary P&ID List Based On PFD
Review
• Assign Which Equipment Goes On Each
Drawing
• Minimize Drawing Density
• Leave Room For Other Disciplines To Add Their
Symbology And Tags

Equipment Number Of Items On One P&ID
Columns 1
Compressors 1 (Complex)
Fired Heaters 1
Packaging Equipment Complete System If Possible
Pressure Vessels Feed – 1 to 2

Reflux - 1 (Include With Condenser)
Storage – 1 to 2
Pumps Include With Related Equipment (Suction)
Tanks 1 to 2

ANALYZE
Content For Accuracy

• Standardize On Unit Operation Configurations
• Use P&ID Checklists To Validate Content
• Build Set Of Archive P&IDs For Reference

Ejectors Instruments
Equipment Title Blocks Pipe
Fired Heaters Pressure Vessels
Flares Rotating Equipment
Heat Exchangers Storage Tanks

AUDIT
For Completeness

• Each Issue Of P&ID Builds On The One Before
• Use P&ID Completeness Checklist To Validate

Completeness For Each Stage Of P&ID
Development
• When Appropriate, Use HOLD Clouds To Flag

Incomplete or Preliminary Information
COMPLETE P&ID LEGENDS/SYMBOLS SHEETS
PRELIMINARY ISSUE
EQUIPMENT WITH TAG NO. / TITLE

PRIMARY PIPE
LINE SIZES
SERVICE CODES
PIPE SPECS
KEY PROCESS VALVES
PRIMARY INSTRUMENT LOOP ELEMENTS
PRIMARY RELIEF VALVES

PRELIMINARY ISSUE
ALL EQUIPMENT DETAILS / TITLE BLOCKS

ISSUE FOR APPROVAL
ALL PIPE SHOWN (PRIMARY / SECONDARY)

PIPE DETAILS
INSULATION / TRACING
PIPE SPECIALTY ITEMS
ALL VALVES SHOWN (TYPES IDENTIFIED)
COMPLETE INSTRUMENT LOOPS
MOTOR CONTROLS
ALL RELIEF VALVES SHOWN
ALL SPECIAL NOTATIONS COMPLETE

PRELIMINARY ISSUE
ISSUE FOR APPROVAL
ALL DESIGN DETAILS COMPLETE

PIPE TAG NUMBERS COMPLETE
ISSUE FOR DESIGN
LINE NUMBERS
PIPE SPECIALTY ITEM NUMBERS
TIE POINT NUMBERS
ALL VALVE SIZES / TAGS COMPLETE
ALL INSTRUMENT NUMBERS COMPLETE
ALL LOGIC / INTERLOCKS DEPICTED
ALL RELIEF DEVICES SIZES COMPLETE
HOLDS SHOWN FOR INCOMPLETE ITEMS

CHECK
For Consistency

• Perform Stream Arrow Cross-Checks Between
P&IDs
• Conduct Process Team Reviews
• Conduct Interdisciplinary Team Reviews
• Implement Team Reviews Per P&ID Quality
Assurance Matrix

• If More Than One Team Member Is Assigned
P&ID Development, Process Lead Should
Routinely Review All Drawings For
Presentation Consistency
• Use Peer Review For Completeness Checks
• Use Expertise Review For Complex Or
Specialty Systems

IDENTIFY SET UP MEETING
NEEDED DISCIPLINES PLACES / TIMES
OBTAIN VERIFY ADEQUATE
PROJECT / LEAD SUPPORT MEETING SPACE
PLAN ISSUE
FOLLOW UP REVIEW COPIES
REVIEWS EARLY
AS REQUIRED
IN MEETINGS: HAVE SUPPORT

HIGHLIGHT COMPONENTS CONTROL DOCUMENTS
AS REVIEWED AVAILABLE:
MAINTAIN MASTER LINE LIST
MARKUP SET INSTRUMENT INDEX

Locate The ROAD MAP P&ID Legends & Symbols
Standardize On Arrange Drawing
FORMAT Building Blocks Effectively
LAYOUT For Clarity Don’t Crowd P&IDs
ANALYZE Content for Develop Standard
Accuracy Configurations & Duplicate
AUDIT For Use P&ID Completeness
Completeness Checklist
CHECK For Use Interdisciplinary
Consistency Review Teams

Art of The Pid-Aiche-Rbt11-15-19

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Art Of The

Ford, Bacon & Davis, LLC 1

• The P&ID Is The Chief Control Document For

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Stationary Equipment Title Blocks

Upper Pipe Highway

Stationary Equipment Symbols

Ford, Bacon & Davis, LLC 30

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• 11” X 17” Size (ANSI B) Is Typically Used For

Ford, Bacon & Davis, LLC 44

• Spacing Between Edge Of Drawing And Border

• Thickness Of Border Line May Vary

• Drawing File Name Usually Outside Of Border

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• Drawing is Typically Issued For Construction As

• Any Further Revisions Carry Revision Numbers (1,

• Revision Description For New Drawing Will Use

• When The Drawing Is Issued For Construction, The

• The Revision Description For A Revised Drawing Will

• Update Drawing Titles As P&ID Content

• Keep Revision Log Up To Date

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Packaging Equipment Complete System If Possible

Pressure Vessels Feed – 1 to 2

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• Use P&ID Checklists To Validate Content

• Build Set Of Archive P&IDs For Reference

Ford, Bacon & Davis, LLC 73

Equipment Title Blocks Pipe

Fired Heaters Pressure Vessels

Flares Rotating Equipment

Heat Exchangers Storage Tanks

Ford, Bacon & Davis, LLC 78