Basic Machining FACING AND TURNING Aim: To obtain required shape and size of work piece by turning and

facing operations. Material Required: Cylindrical work piece of dia 30mm and length 107mm mild steel rod. Tools Required: 1.Lathe 2.Cutting tool 3. Vernier caliper 4. Try square 5. Scriber 6.vernier height gauge Sequence of operations:
1. Checking 2. Work piece setting 3. Tool setting 4.Facing 5. Turning

Working Steps: 1. The given work piece is checked for dimensions. 2. The work piece is held in the chuck. Chuck key is used to tighten the job firmly , ensuring centering of workpiece. 3. The single point cutting tool is held in tool post and tighten the nut using spanner. 4. Facing is done with cutting tool moving from the centre of work piece towards outside. It is done until the required length of the job is obtained. 5. Turning is done to reduce the diameter of the job. Sufficient depth of cut is given and it is done until the required diameter of the job is obtained. 6. Finally, the dimensions of work piece are again checked.

Result: Thus the required size and shape of the given workpiece is obtained

Facing and Turning

107

Before machining

105

After Machining

25

30

FACING AND TAPER TURNING Aim: To obtain required shape and size of work piece by turning and facing operations. Material Required: Cylindrical work piece of dia 35mm and length 112mm mild steel rod. Tools Required: 1. Lathe 2.Cutting tool 3. Vernier caliper 4. Try square 5. Scriber 6.vernier height gauge Sequence of operations:
1. Checking 2. Work piece setting 3. Tool setting 4.Facing 5. Turning

6.Taper turning Working Steps: 1. The given work piece is checked for dimensions. 2. The work piece is held in the chuck. Chuck key is used to tighten the job firmly, ensuring centering of work piece. 3. The single point cutting tool is held in tool post and tighten the nut using spanner. 4. Facing is done with cutting tool moving from the centre of work piece towards outside. It is done until the required length of the job is obtained. 5. Turning is done to reduce the diameter of the job. Sufficient depth of cut is given and it is done until the required diameter of the job is obtained. 6. Next the taper turning is done on the workpiece, as per taper angle calculated. Then compound rest base is swiveled and set at half taper angle. Cutting tool is move at an angle to lathe axis. Tool is moved by compound rest hand wheel. 7. For chamfering to be done at end of workpiece , the tool is held at 45 to the lathe axis and it is fed against the rotating workpiece. 8. Finally, the dimensions of work piece are again checked.

Result: Thus the required size and shape of the given workpiece is obtained .

1)
35
11 2

Before machining

2)

11

3)

30

35

45

3 0

1 5

30

After machining DRILLING AND TAPPING Aim: To drill holes if required size and tap the drilled hole. Material Supplied: 50 x 50 x 5 mm Mild steel plate 1No. Tools Required: 1. Bench Vice 2. Machine Vice 3. Steel Rule 4. Standard set of filing tools 5. Try square 6.vernier height gauge 7.Surafce plate 8.Scriber 9.Dotpunch 10.Drill bit 11.Drilling Machine 12.Tap set with Die holder Sequence of operations:
1. Checking 2. Filing 3. Marking 4.Punching 5. Drilling 6.Tapping

Working Steps: 1. The given work piece is checked for dimensions using steel rule. 2. The given work piece is clamped in a vice and any two surfaces are filed to get right angle. 3. Chalk is applied uniformly on surfaces of workpieces. 4. With help of vernier height gauge, surface plate, angle plate , steel rule and scriber the given dimensions are marked. 5. The midpoint of required holes is punched using a dot punch. 6. The punched dots are drilled by drilling machine. 7. After drilling the holes, they are tapped using tap set. 8. Finally, the dimensions of work piece are again checked. Result: Thus the given workpiece is drilled and tapped to the required dimensions.

DRILLING AND TAPPING

MARKING AND PUNCHING AND TAPPING

DRILLING

15

2 0

50 10 Tapped Holes (4

Tapped Holes

BUTT JOINT
AIM:To make a butt joint on the given mild steel plate by arc welding.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Two mild steel plates size ________________mm

TOOLS REQUIRED:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Try square File Steel rule Electrode Tongs wire brush Chipping hammer Gloves

PROCEDURE:
1. Two mild steel plates of size___________________ is taken. 2. The metal plates are cleaned by wire brush and are wiped thoroughly. 3. One edge of each metal plate are filed smoothly. 4. The metal plates are placed to required position. 5. Suitable electrodes and the current required for welding are selected. The electrode is held in the holder. 6. The hand shield must be used during arc welding. 7. The electrode is brought near the work piece with an air gap of about 3mm. 8. The ends are welded first then slowly welding is done between the two ends. 9. After welding process is over by using chipping hammer, the slag over the welded portion is removed then it is cleaned with the help of wire brush. 10. Now the joint is finished.

RESULT:
Thus the two mild two plates are welded to get a butt joint.

LAP JOINT
AIM:
To make a lap joint on the given mild steel plate by arc welding.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Two mild steel plates size ________________mm

TOOLS REQUIRED:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Try square File Steel rule Electrode Tongs wire brush Chipping hammer Gloves

PROCEDURE:
1. Two mild steel plates of size___________________ is taken. 2. The metal plates is cleaned by wire brush and are wiped thoroughly. 3. One edge of each metal plate is filed smoothly. 4. The metal plates are placed to required position. 5. Suitable electrodes and the current required for welding are selected. The electrode is held in the holder. 6. The hand shield must be used during arc welding. 7. The electrode is brought near the work piece with an air gap of about 3mm. 8. The ends are welded first then slowly welding is done between the two ends. 9. After welding process is over by using chipping hammer, the slag over the welded portion is removed then it is cleaned with the help of wire brush. 10. Now the joint is finished.

RESULT:Thus the two mild two plates are welded to get a lap joint

TRAY
AIM
To make a tray out of the given sheet with specified dimensions.

TOOLS REQUIRED

1.Bench vice 2.Try square 3.Steel rule 4.Divider 5.Snap 6.Mallet 7.Hand shearing 8.Dot punch 9.Scriber

MATERIALS REQUIRED
G.I. Sheet of suitable size

PROCEDURE:
1.Draw the lay out of the bottom and body of the tray 2.The edges are marked clearly on the sheet metal using pencil 3.The given sheet is cut to the required shape and size using hand shears 4.The marked lines are folded with the help of mallet and required stakes 5.After folding on the all sides it resembles a tray 6.The folds are made with dot punch on the marked portions for riveting

RESULT:
Thus the required tray is finished from the given sheet

FUNNEL
AIM
To make a Funnel out of the given sheet with specified dimensions.

TOOLS REQUIRED
1.Bench vice 2.Try square 3.Steel rule

4.Divider 7.Hand shearing

5.Snap 8.Dot punch

6.Mallet 9.Scriber

MATERIALS REQUIRED
G.I. Sheet of suitable size

PROCEDURE;
1.Draw the lay out of the funnel on the given sheet metal (Part I and Part II) 2.The angle subtended by the cone when opened for lay out is calculated by using The relation Angle =3.14xDiameter of the base Slant height 3The edges are marked clearly on the sheet metal using pencil 4.The given sheet is cut to the required shape and size using hand shears 4.The marked lines are folded with the help of mallet and required stakes 5.After folding on the all sides it resembles a funnel 6.The folds are made with dot punch on the marked portions for riveting

RESULT
Thus the funnel is finished from the given sheet

BASIC PIPE CONNECTION USING VALVES, TAPS, ELBOWS, T IN HOUSE HOLD FITTINGS
AIM:
To prepare a pipe line connection with all fittings.

TOOLS REQUIRED:

1. Pipe wrench 2. Adjustable spanner 3. Measuring tape 4. Plumbing vice

FITTINGS REQUIRED:
1. Bend 3. Elbow 5. Tap 7. End cap 2. Coupling 4. T 6. Valve 8. Reducer

PROCEDURE:
1. First draw the plumbing lines sketches for the basic pipe connection. 2. Take the plumbing fittings and tools. 3. Then connect the pipe line with the plumbing fittings as per the diagram. 4. Then tighten each connection properly by fitting them in plumbing vice.

RESULT:
Thus the basic pipe connection using valve tap T, elbow, etc., is done.

PREPARATION OF MIXED PIPE MATERIAL CONNECTION FOR HOUSE HOLD APPLIANCES

TOOLS REQUIRED:
1. Pipe wrench

2. Adjustable spanner 3. Measuring tape 4. Plumbing vice 5. Hacksaw

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
1. Bend 3. Flexible pipes and hoses 5. Tap 7. End cap 9.GI and PVC pipes 2. Coupling 4. T 6. Valve 8. Reducer 10. Union

PROCEDURE:
1. First draw the plumbing line sketches. 2. Mark the location for washing machine, water heater and pipe lines. 3. Now conncet the pipes line to the fitting as per the plumbing line sketch. 4. The water tank was filled with water and gate valve was opened slowly to supply water into pipe line. 5. Then properly tighten the connections.

RESULT:
Thus the pipe line connection to a washing machine and water heater is done.

PLANNING
AIM:
To plan the given work piece according to the size given.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
A wooden piece of size _________________ mm.

TOOLS REQUIRED:

1. Jack plane 2. Steel rule 3. Try square 4. Marking gauge 5. Bench vice

OPERATIONS:
1. Planning 2. Marking 3. Finishing

PROCEDURE:
1. The given job is clamped in a carpentry vice and any two surfaces are planned to get right angle. 2. The right angle required is to be checked by try square.. 3. Required size is marked on the work piece by means of using steel rule and marking gauge. 4. The sizes marked on the wooden pieces are to be planned by means of wooden jack plane. 5. the planned surfaces are again checked for its accurate size and shape and angle.

RESULT:
Thus the given job is planned and the correct dimensions size and shapes are obtained.

TEE JOINT OR MIDDLE LAP JOINT

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
A wooden piece of size _________________ mm.

TOOLS REQUIRED:
1. Jack plane 4. Marking gauge 7. Firmer chisel 2. Steel rule 5. Bench vice 8. Mallet 3. Try square 6. Rip saw

OPERATIONS:
1. Planning 3. Cutting 5. Finishing 2. Marking 4. Chiseling

PROCEDURE:
1. The given job is clamped in carpentry vice and any two surfaces are planned to get right angle. 2. The right angle required is to be checked by try square. 3. Now all the four surfaces of the wooden pieces are planned to get the smoother and finished surface. 4. Then the job is cut into two halves. 5. The different markings required for making Tee Halving joints are to be marked on the work piece by means of using steel rule and marking gauges. 7. One half of the work piece is taken using saw and chisel to remove the unwanted portion as per the dimension. 8. The other half of the work piece is also produced by means of repeating the above procedure. 9. The two pieces are to be assembled to get a proper joint. 10. The job is again checked for its accurate shape and size using try square and steel rule.

RESULT:
Thus the Tee or middle lap joint is made on the work piece according to the given dimensions.

MORTISE AND TENON JOINT

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
A wooden piece of size _________________ mm.

TOOLS REQUIRED:
1. Jack plane 4. Marking gauge 7. Firmer chisel 2. Steel rule 5. Bench vice 8. Mallet 3. Try square 6. Rip saw

OPERATIONS:
1. Planning 4. Chiseling 2. Marking 5. Finishing 3. Cutting

PROCEDURE:
1. The given job is clamped in carpentry vice and any two surfaces are planned to get right angle. 2. The right angle required is to be checked by try square. 3. Now all the four surfaces of the wooden pieces are planned to get the smoother and finished surface. 4. Then the job is cut into two halves. 5. The different markings required for making Tee Halving joints are to be marked on the work piece by means of using steel rule and marking gauges. 7. One half of the work piece is taken using saw and chisel to remove the unwanted portion as per the dimension. 8. The other half of the work piece is also produced by means of repeating the above procedure. 9. The two pieces are to be assembled to get a proper joint. 10. The job is again checked for its accurate shape and size using try square and steel rule.

RESULT:
Thus the mortise and tenon joint is made on the work piece according to the given dimensions.

HALF LAP JOINT

AIM:
To make a half lap joint on the work piece according to the given dimensions.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
A wooden piece of size _________________ mm.

TOOLS REQUIRED:
1. Jack plane square 4. Marking gauge 7. Firmer chisel 2. Steel rule 5. Bench vice 8. Mallet 3. Try 6. Rip saw

OPERATIONS:
1. Planning 4. Chiseling 2. Marking 5. Finishing 3. Cutting

PROCEDURE:
1. The given job is clamped in carpentry vice and any two surfaces are planned to get right angle. 2. The right angle required is to be checked by try square. 3. Now all the four surfaces of the wooden pieces are planned to get the smoother and finished surface. 4. Then the job is cut into two halves. 5. The different markings required for making Tee Halving joints are to be marked on the work piece by means of using steel rule and marking gauges. 7. One half of the work piece is taken using saw and chisel to remove the unwanted portion as per the dimension. 8. The other half of the work piece is also produced by means of repeating the above procedure. 9. The two pieces are to be assembled to get a proper joint. 10. The job is again checked for its accurate shape and size using try square and steel rule.

RESULT:

Thus the half lap joint is made on the work piece according to the given dimensions.