S101

GENERAL
PAPER
April/May, 2023
2 23 hours

QUESTLYFT EXAMINATIONS

Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education

GENERAL PAPER

2 hours 40 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
▪ The paper consists of two sections: A and B.
▪ The Candidate is supposed to attempt TWO questions in all: One question from section
A and One question from section B
▪ You are advised to spend your time equally on the two questions.
▪ All questions carry equal marks.
▪ Extra questions attempted will not be marked.

Questlyft Examinations Turn Over

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
 2

SECTION A
Answer ONE question from the section.
Answers should be between 500 and 800 words in length.

1. Examine the causes and effects of human trafficking in Africa (50 marks)
2. Account for the rampant drug abuse amongst the youth in your community. (50 marks)
3. Discuss the importance of wild life to third world countries. (50 marks)
4. Is social media constructive or destructive to society? (50 marks)

SECTION B
Answer ONE question from this section

5. Study the table below showing Africa population growth between 2000 and 2018 and
then answer the questions that follow.
Year Population
2018 1,287,920,518
2015 1,194,369, 908
2010 1,049,446,344
2005 924,757,708
2000 817,560,004
(Source internet Arnicas population projection.com)

a) Calculate the percentage change between

i. 2000 – 2005 (2 marks)
ii. 2005 – 2010 (2 marks)
iii. 2010 – 2015 (2 marks)
iv. 2015 – 2018 (2 marks)
b) If population projection in 2020 is 1,352,622,180. What is the population percentage
change rate in Africa then? (2 marks)
c) Draw a line graph to show Africa population growth rate. (8 marks)
d) Give reasons for the high populations in the urban areas. (8 marks)
e) What are the implications of Africa’s rapid population growth? (8 marks)
f) Explain why governments carry out population census. (6 marks)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Questlyft Examinations Turn over
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
 3

6. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:

After HIV/AIDS, heart disease and cancer, alcoholism is the next largest cause of death
among those between the ages of twenty-five and fifty-five. In Kenya alone, the number of
alcoholics has increased to alarming proportions. Usually a progressive disease, alcoholism
moves gradually from over-drinking to chronic and uncontrolled addiction, affecting the
liver, heart and nervous systems of its victims, often isolating them from the society. As one
anthropologist, says, “The alcoholic is someone for whom alcohol is both irresistible and
progressively poisonous.” To counteract these effects, much private and public money, time
and attention has been given to discovering possible issues, to finding ways to check this
almost certain slide to destruction. As a result, many ways of treating this condition have been
devised, some less successful than others, non perfect.
Among the least successful ways of treating alcoholics are some of the standard
reactions of those around the alcoholic. These include nagging, Sermonizing on the virtues of
temperance, guarding or protecting the drinker, existing with long-suffering endurance. The
common denominator for failure in all these “home remedies” for alcoholism is the
acceptance of responsibility by those around the drinker rather than by the drinker himself or
herself. Nagging creates an unpleasant atmosphere which the alcoholic feels all the more
justified in the escaping with drink. Sermonizing teaches what the alcoholic already knows –
that excessive drinking is dangerous – or what is of no personal concern – that it is not
virtuous.
Guarding the drinker, searching for hidden bottles or checking for secret signs of drinking,
sets up a futile competition between the guard and the guarded. While protecting the drinker
from the consequences, alcohol sets the sage for further reason for escape by drinking. None
of these reactions places the responsibility on the alcoholic who chooses to drink or not to
drink, yet only the drinker stop drinking. The central issue appears to be that the alcoholic
feels that drink is indispensable for survival that there is no other way to cope with the daily
stress, that it is as necessary as breathing. An alcoholic has found in his alcoholism a kind of
diabolical chemical religion.
Apart from the home remedies which have proved unsuccessful, other more formal
treatments have been devised for alcoholism. A great variety of medicines have been tried in
an attempt to draw or to force the alcoholic away from drinking. L.S.D, for example, which is
no longer commonly used, offers a pleasant and less destructive alternative to alcohol, but the
obvious danger is that tone serious addiction will be supplanted by another, also with
disastrous consequences. Other drugs like Valium and Librium are intended to calm the nerves
of the alcoholic, making life feel less stressful and therefore making the retreat into alcoholism
less necessary. But, again, there is a serious danger in the alcoholics using the tranquilizing
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Questlyft Examinations Turn over
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
 4

drugs as a supplement rather than as a substitute for alcohol. Reliance on both drugs and
alcohol is doubly harmful. Apart from drugs that calm the mind, aversive medicines are also
used. Pills like “Antabuse,” the brand name for the chemical, disulfiram, create headaches,
irregular heartbeat, nausea and vomiting if a drink is taken. The decision whether or not to
take the pill, however, remains with the alcoholic, so the motivation for abstinence has to be
present in the first place. “Aversive” drugs seem best as short-term deterrents while other
treatments are being administered.
Related to the medicinal aversion to alcohol is the psychological treatment through the use
of conditioned responses. In this approach, the alcohol learns to associate drinking with
unpleasant sensations. When reaching for a drink under controlled circumstances, the
alcoholic may, for example, receive an electric shock, or immediately become nauseous
because of a substance injected before the drink. The intention is that the alcoholic will be
conditioned to associate these unpleasant responses with taking a drink and will therefore
abstain, even in situations where the actual shock or sickness is no longer present. It is an
effort to help the alcoholic “lose the taste” for alcohol by substituting unpleasant sensations for
pleasant ones; none of the rewards associated with drink come with the drink. If the patient is
susceptible to such conditioning and if the response carries over into actual situations where
drink is available, this approach may encourage abstention in some cases.

Questions:
a) Suggest a suitable title for the passage
b) According to the passage, what are the home remedies for alcoholism?
c) In not more than 100 words, explain the harmful effects of alcoholism.
d) Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the passage.

i. Chronic and uncontrolled (2 marks)

ii. Anthropologist (2 marks)
iii. Common denominator (2 marks)
iv. Futile competition (2 marks)
v. Diabolical chemical religion (2 marks)
vi. Tranquilizing (2 marks)
vii. Short – term deterrents (2 marks)
viii. Medicinal aversion (2 marks)
ix. Nauseous (2 marks)
x. Susceptible (2 marks)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Questlyft Examinations Turn over
___________________________________________________________________________________________________