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    Study Guide Natural Sexual Artificial Selection

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    Study Guide Natural Sexual Artificial Selection

    Uploaded by

    8b4xr77mnp
    6 views6 pages

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    Copyright:

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    6 views6 pages

    Study Guide Natural Sexual Artificial Selection

    Uploaded by

    8b4xr77mnp

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Page 1 of 6

    Name ___________________________ Per ____

    Study Guide: Natural, Sexual and Artificial Selection


    Notes #11.1: Natural Selection
    1. What are the two requirements in order to be the same species?
    a. ______________________________
    b. ______________________________

    2. What is a population? _________________________________________________________________

    3. What is genetic variation? ______________________________________________________________

    4. “Survival of the fittest” means that individuals best suited to _____________________________ can
    ______________ and ______________________ the most

    5. What two things do adaptations help an organism to do?


    a. ______________________________
    b. ______________________________

    6. There are the 3 factors needed for natural selection to happen. List them, then explain what each means:
    a. Factor #1: ______________________________
    i. Explain what it means here:

    b. Factor #2: ______________________________


    i. Explain what it means here:

    c. Factor #3: ______________________________


    i. Explain what it means here:

    7. Which of these changes over time due to natural selection? Circle one: (populations/whole
    species/individuals)

    8. What does it mean to be “fit” in nature? ___________________________________________________

    9. Can individuals change to fit their environment? ________ Explain why:_________________________


    ____________________________________________________________________________________

    10. What happens to helpful variations over many generations? ___________________________________

    11. What happens to harmful variations over many generations? ___________________________________

    12. The finches of the Galápagos Islands are very similar except for their beaks. Why?
    _______________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________

    13. Why did dark peppered moths replace light ones during the industrial revolution?
    ____________________________________________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________________________________________
    Page 2 of 6

    14. Why did light-colored peppered moths return during the late 20th century? ________________________
    ____________________________________________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________________________________________

    Notes #11.2: Natural Selection in Populations

    Draw a normal distribution: Draw how directional selection changes the normal
    distribution:

    Draw how stabilizing selection changes the normal Draw how disruptive selection changes the normal
    distribution: distribution:

    15. What is an EXAMPLE of directional selection?

    16. What is an EXAMPLE of stabilizing selection?

    17. What is an EXAMPLE of disruptive selection?

    18. Does divergent evolution cause populations to become more similar or more different? _____________
    19. Explain what causes divergent evolution to occur:

    20. Does convergent evolution cause populations to become more similar or more different? ___________
    21. Explain what causes convergent evolution to occur:

    22. Does natural selection act on the phenotype or genotype? _____________________________________


    23. What is phenotype? ___________________________________________________________________
    24. What is genotype? ____________________________________________________________________
    25. What is a gene pool? __________________________________________________________________
    26. Why are lethal genes maintained in populations? (*hint: what type of individual passes on harmful genes
    without being harmed?) ________________________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________________________________________
    Page 3 of 6

    Notes #11.3: Sexual Selection


    1. Sexual selection is driven by competition for _____________________________

    2. Is it possible for sexual selection to result in traits that are…


    a. More favorable to survival in the nature? ______
    b. Give an example:

    c. LESS favorable to survival in the nature? ______


    d. Give an example:

    3. What is the cause of intrasexual selection?

    4. What is the result of intrasexual selection?

    5. Give an example of intrasexual selection:

    6. What is the cause of intersexual selection?

    7. What is the result of intersexual selection?

    8. Give an example of intersexual selection:

    9. What is sexual dimorphism?

    10. What is a species that displays sexual dimorphism? _____________ Explain your answer below:

    11. Sexual selection is the result of a difference in the rate of ___________________ between males and
    females
    a. Which sex produces smaller, simpler gametes? _______________________________________
    b. Which sex produces larger, more complex gametes? ___________________________________
    c. In general, which sex invests a lot more energy, nutrients, time etc in reproduction? __________
    Page 4 of 6

    12. Circle the correct answer: “At any given time, the percentage of (males/females) which is ready to mate
    is far smaller, meaning that (males/females) must compete for the few available mates”

    13. Under what circumstances do roles reverse, with females competing for mates?

    Notes #11.4: Artificial Selection


    14. In artificial selection, who/what decides which traits are favored? _____________________________

    15. Artificial selection is also known as ________________________________________

    16. Does artificial selection generally occur quickly or gradually? _________________________

    17. What does it mean when an organism is “domesticated”?

    18. A wolf trained to tolerate humans is known as “tame”. Explain why tame wolves are NOT domesticated:

    19. Different varieties of domesticated animals are known as ______________, whereas different varieties
    of domesticated plants are called _________________

    Notes #11.4: Examples of artificial selection


    20. Cattle
    a. What are they descended from? ________________
    b. How were their wild ancestors different?

    21. Dogs
    a. What are they descended from? ________________
    b. How were their wild ancestors different?

    22. Corn
    a. What is it descended from? ________________
    b. How were its wild ancestors different?

    23. Silver foxes


    a. What are they descended from? ________________
    b. Why did they need to domesticate them?

    c. Which ones were chosen for breeding?


    Page 5 of 6

    24. Some benefits of artificial selection:


    a. Civilization would be impossible without ____________________________________________

    b. Do better plant varieties increase or decrease yields? ________________ Do they increase or


    decrease poverty? ________________

    c. Artificial selection has produced critically important domesticated animals such as…
    i.
    ii.
    iii.
    iv.

    25. Problems with artificial selection:


    a. Loss of ____________________________________
    b. Vulnerability to _________________________________
    c. Why was a fungus able to destroy all the potatoes and cause the Irish Potato Famine?

    d. Why do purebred dogs and cats have high rates of health problems?

    e. Example: German shepherds


    i. When was the first German shepherd bred? __________________
    ii. How did they make pure lines of dogs for breeding? _______________
    iii. What types of health problems do German shepherds have?
    1.
    2.
    3.

    Make sure to complete all parts of the next page as well!


    Page 6 of 6

    Comparison of natural, sexual and artificial selection


    Natural selection Sexual selection Artificial selection
    Driven by ___________________ Driven by ___________________ Driven by __________________
    ____________________________

    Occurs over ____________ Occurs over ____________ Occurs over ____________


    ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

    Organisms with the most Organisms with _____________ Organisms with traits that
    ___________________ traits _________________ traits survive ___________ __________ survive
    survive and reproduce more and reproduce more and reproduce more

    Produces organisms better adapted Sometimes produces organisms Sometimes produces organisms
    to _________ well- adapted to their _________ well- adapted to their
    __________________________ __________________________ __________________________
    ____________________________

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