Mjfa - Chemistry Reviewer (Q2 Exams)

MJFA - Chemistry Reviewer (Quarter 2)
MOLE - GRAMS/ GRAMS - MOLE CONVERSION

Calculating the mole:
Mole = Mass/ Molecular Weight
Molecular weight = Mass/ mole
Mass = number of moles x Molecular weight
TO MEMORIZE:
H =1.01 g/mol
He = 4.003 g/mol
C = 12.00 g/mol
N = 14.01 g/mol
O = 16.00 g/mol
F = 19.00 g/mol
Cl = 35.45 g/mol
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY (KMT)

Through KMT, several Laws were developed to help calculate the changes in pressure,
temperature, and volume of gases.
THERE ARE 6 BASIC LAWS:

1. Boyle’s Law
2. Charles’ Law
3. Gay-Lussac’s Law
5. Avogadro’s Law
6. Ideal Gas Law
4.Combined Gas Law
GAS LAWS
Boyle’s Law: At a constant temperature and constant amount of gas, PRESSURE and VOLUME
are inversely proportional to one another.
P1V1 = P2V2
Charles’ Law: At a constant pressure and constant amount of gas, TEMPERATURE and
VOLUME are directly proportional to one another.
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Gay-Lussac’s Law: At a constant volume and constant amount of gas, TEMPERATURE and
PRESSURE are directly proportional to one another.
P1/T1 = P2/T2
Avogadro’s Law: At a constant temperature and constant pressure, VOLUME and the
NUMBER OF MOLES OF GAS are directly proportional to one another.
V1/n1 = V2/n2
Combined Gas Law: Combines Boyle’s, Charles’, and Gay-Lussac’s laws into one expression.
With this equation we can see how changing MORE THAN ONE VARIABLE
affects our unknown.
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Ideal Gas Law: An ideal gas must follow the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases. We have
talked about four variables that affect the behavior of gases. The four gas
variables are: PRESSURE, VOLUME, TEMPERATURE, and NUMBER OF
MOLES OF GAS. If we know 3 of the 4 variables, we can use the ideal gas
law equation to solve for the unknown. Lastly, the constant in the equation
shown below is R, known as the the ideal gas constant, and it will always be
the same.
PV = nRT
CONVERSIONS
Factor Variable Units Useful Conversions
atm
1 atm = 760 mmHg
Torr
1 atm = 760 Torr
Pressure P Pa
1 atm = 101326 Pa
kPa
1 atm = 101.326 kPa
mmHg
1 L = 1000 mL
L
1 L = 0.001 m3
Volume V mL
or
m3
1000 L = 1 m3
Moles n moles n = number of moles of substance
Temperature T K K = °C + 273.15
Values of R:
Ideal Gas (see “Values of R” in 0.0821 L•atm/mol•K
R
Constant the next column) * 8.3145 L•kPa/mol•K
62.364 L•mmHg/mol•K
* So, which value of R should I use? Because of the various values of R you can use to solve a
problem, it is crucial to match your units of pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles with
the units of R.
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): Sometimes word problems
will tell you that you are “at standard conditions” or “at STP.” This means standard conditions
of temperature and pressure. Here’s what you should know:
The value of STP;

 1 atm for pressure
 0°C (Use Kelvin) - 273. 15K for temperature.
You can convert pressure into other units:
PRESSURE CONVERSIONS
P= 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 1.01325 = 101325 Pa = 101.3 kPa = 14.696
psi
Note*** that you always need to use Kelvin for temperature, so the standard
temperature should be 273.15 K.
T= 273.15 K
At STP, 1 mole of gas will take up 22.4 L of volume.
VIDEO LECTURES/SUPPORTING MATERIALS:

GAS LAWS - LECTURE PLAYLIST
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQRmkvAWTsjnuaCRVk-ie-HPujW8oUfNN
Gas Laws - Equations and Formulas

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IE8-izIba40
Ideal Gas Law Practice Problems

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqLlfHBFY08
Boyle’s Law
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZoGtVVu3ymQ&t=8s
The ABC's of gas: Avogadro, Boyle, Charles - Brian Bennett

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BY9VGS2eXas
Combined Gas Law

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bftkRnTcFj8
Rearranging Gas Laws - Charles', Gay-Lussac's, and Avogadro's Laws

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tV1OzhEaQkY
Charles’ Law
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIfFoiwRCVE&t=236s
Gas Laws - Tyler Dewitt

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKUmYU6Q1cA
HIGHLIGHTS
STP is 1 atm and 0C ; *K = 273. 15 + C (Change ALL temperatures to Kelvin!!!!)*
BASIC CONVERSIONS
1 atm = 760 mmHg or 760 torr 1000 mL=1 L

1 atm = 101.3 kPa Molar Volume of a Gas at STP 22.4 L/mol
GAS LAWS: SIMPLIFIED

V1 = initial volume
Boyle’s Law: V1P1 = V2P2 V2 = final volume
P1 = initial pressure
P2 = final pressure
Charles’s Law: V1 = V2 T1 = initial temperature (in Kelvin)
T1 T2 T2 = final temperature (in Kelvin)
n1= initial moles
Gay-Lussac’s Law: P1 = P2 n2 = final moles
T1 T2
Moles and Volume Law: V1 = V2

n1 n2
Combined Gas Law: V1P1 = V2P2

n1T1 n2T2
Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT P = pressure in atm, kPa, or mmHg (Make sure you
pick correct R!)
V = volume in liters
n = number of moles
T = temperature in Kelvin
Ideal Gas Constant=R =0.0821 L • atm = 8.31 L • kPa = 62.4 L • mmHg

mol • K mol • K mol • K
(Pressure)(volume) = (moles)(ideal gas constant)(temperature)

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MJFA - Chemistry Reviewer (Quarter 2)

MOLE - GRAMS/ GRAMS - MOLE CONVERSION

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY (KMT)

THERE ARE 6 BASIC LAWS:

Factor Variable Units Useful Conversions

Moles n moles n = number of moles of substance

The value of STP;

You can convert pressure into other units:

VIDEO LECTURES/SUPPORTING MATERIALS:

Gas Laws - Equations and Formulas

Ideal Gas Law Practice Problems

The ABC's of gas: Avogadro, Boyle, Charles - Brian Bennett

Combined Gas Law

Rearranging Gas Laws - Charles', Gay-Lussac's, and Avogadro's Laws

Gas Laws - Tyler Dewitt

1 atm = 760 mmHg or 760 torr 1000 mL=1 L

GAS LAWS: SIMPLIFIED

Moles and Volume Law: V1 = V2

Combined Gas Law: V1P1 = V2P2

Ideal Gas Constant=R =0.0821 L • atm = 8.31 L • kPa = 62.4 L • mmHg

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