P

R
1 VIRGINIA RAMIREZ-CRUZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Siling Bata, Pandi, Bulacan
Senior High School Department

Influence of Stress to the Academic Performance

Of STEM Students of VRCNHS

A Dissertation

Submitted to

Senior High School Department

as Partial Requirement in the subject

Practical Research 1

11 STEM A – Einstein

Members:

Liendon Luay

Jaymar Herbolario

Russel Valentin

Anthony Roxas, Jr

March 2023
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Title Page …………………………………………….................................................. i

Table of Contents ………………………………………………………......................ii

Chapter 1: The Problem and its Background

Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 7

Review of Related Studies …………………………………………..………… 10

Significance of the Study ………………………………………………………. 37

Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………………… 38

Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………………… 40

Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………………. 41

Scope and limitation of the Study …………….………………………………... 42

Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………………. 42

Chapter 2: Methods and Procedure

Research Method and Design …………………………………………………. 43

Instrumentation and Validation …………………………………………………44

Data Sources of the Study……………………………………………………. …44

Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………………. …45

Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………… 46

Ethical Compliance………………………………...…………………………… 46
References… ………...……………………………………………………...... 133

Appendices……….…………………………………………………………… 144

2
Curriculum Vitae…………………………………………………………….. 151
List of Tables

Page

1 Literary Features of His Blonde Little Secret 50

…………………….
2 Literary Features of Montello High: School of
Gangsters…………………………………………… 65
3 Comparative Analysis between Classic Literature and Cyber
Literature……………………. 84

3
 List of Figure

Page

1 Conceptual Model of the

Study…………………………….................................................. 40

2 Conceptual Model of the Comparison Between Classic

Literature and Cyber Literature ………………………………… 106

4
 List of Appendices

Page

A Validation 145
Letters…………………………………………………

5
 Chapter 1
The Problem and its Background

Introduction

The impact of technology is changing every aspect of people's lives around the

world. In today’s modern society, a lot of people constantly obtains information and

communicates virtually. These Impacts can be seen at work, at home and in the

classroom. The internet has become a platform for users to read, write, and get access to

information. Putting together data about units of data and connections between units

Cyber writing is made for web innovation. It is another kind of writing made and

introduced by a computer. Researchers are keen on doing research connected with digital

writing, and they utilize different terms in digital writing, for example, cyber texts.

The presence of digital writing opens new scholarly literary works like fan fiction;

the development of cyber literature that likewise involves electronic space as a medium

offers individuals the chance to read, write and get to literary works.

In the advent of the Cyber literature, it significantly alters the approach to reading.

Individuals more exposure for reading more the advanced literary texts than the printed

ones. Their reading through the use of the internet helps them drives into an alternate sort

of reading. It is on the grounds that they use hypertext. is the electronic connecting of text

which can be tracked down in the web.

By utilizing the electronic connecting of texts, individuals are encountering a

better approach for reading. In today's world, where innovations, changes and

improvements are based on knowledge, gaining of effective reading skills plays an

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important part for individuals to maintain their lives in a better way. As a significant

contribution to making one's life meaningful, teaching the skills of reading and reading

comprehension is an essential part of training programs and the instruction process.

Contemporary society has become an information society and hence it makes

sense to interpret various changes in the cultural sphere. Connections between computer

technology and literature are one aspect of the complicated global set of problems in

tackling the adaptation of texts with the media. The article focuses on what happens with

literary texts in cyberspace, how they adapt to that environment, and it examines the

forms of “cyber-literature”.

The advent of cyber-literature, many students prefer to read literary material using

electronic books (E-books) than the actual books or textbooks. The exclusion of printed

pages and overhead costs like shipping and storage reduces the overall cost for students

by a substantial amount makes it cost effective. Also, with electronic books, as long as

one got a laptop or an android phone, ipad, or smartphone, the ebook is readily available.

Moreover, students prefer cyber-literature materials because ebooks are stored in the

device instead of piling your textbooks on your desk, shelf, or floor. Another reason why

students like e-books because it allows you to focus on a specific page, image or chapter

and you can print it out to make notes or highlight important content. This combines the

best of both worlds. Lastly, the students can choose the view of the ebook, similar to

reading documents using Word or Adobe Reader making them more comfortable in

reading.

7
 In the latest Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Report

2018, the Philippines ranked 79th place among the 80 countries. The country scored

lowest in reading comprehension and second- lowest in mathematics and science. The

Department of Education recognizes the need of addressing this issue in attaining the

quality of basic education in the Philippines by launching the “Sulong EduKalidad”

which involves reforms in four key areas: 1. K to 12 review and updating, 2.

Improvement of Learning Facilities, 3. Teachers and school heads’ upskilling and

reskilling through a transformed professional development and lastly, 4. Engagement of

all stakeholders for support and collaboration.

The disadvantage of lack of exposure to a rich language environment from birth

adversely affects the learners all through- out the country. Many students find it difficult

to understand their teachers’ lecture, to get the main idea of a passage, or to share

opinions on some issues, hindering their achievement growth. And this could be

attributed to lack of word knowledge, failure to figure out the meanings of unfamiliar

words, and the inability to participate actively in group discussion due to their language

deficiency.

Academic discourse over cyberliterature has been relatively active since the late

1980s (the first conference on hypertext was held in 1987, Koskimaa 2000) and shows

no signs of fading. There are no common views in regard to cyberliterature, as it is a

set of complicated issues which transgresses the established boundaries of literary

theory and results in refined theoretical constructions. The discourse comprises

arguments for and against by people in favour of cyberliterature to those vehemently

8
opposed to it. Regardless of that, all parties agree that the spread of computer

technology has brought along the need to make certain adaptation in teaching reading

and acquire comprehension. Cyberliterature has emerged in a complex and versatile

genre.

Further, they find some texts cumbersome for they do not provide a clue that will

lead them to the meaning of every word. Finally, they could not determine clues even

when the text provides them. They could not decide what constitutes context; they could

not indicate the parts of a passage that provide clues to the meaning of an unfamiliar

word.

All these are enough reasons for the researcher to conduct this research on using

cyber literature novels as an intervention strategy to help the learners increase their

reading comprehension skills.

Review of Related Studies

This section of the study presents the review of related literature and studies on

the local and foreign source, which added more relevance and depth of the research

study.

Determinants of Literature Stories.

Pianzola, Rebora & Lauer (2020) presented few examinations of how fiction is

communicated through the social understanding stage Wattpad, probably the biggest

stage for client produced stories, including books, fanfiction, humor, works of art, and

verse. By blended quantitative and subjective techniques and versatile reading. They

examined texts and remarks on Wattpad, what subjects are liked in 13 languages, which

9
job does type play for readers conduct, and what sort of close to home commitment is

common when young readers share stories. The outcomes call attention to the ascent of a

worldwide reading society in young reading other than public inclinations for specific

themes and classes, examples of understanding commitment, stylish qualities and social

communication. When reading Teen Fiction social-holding (full of feeling collaboration)

is pervasive, while reading Classics social-mental cooperation (aggregate insight) is

predominant. An instructive outcome proposes that readers who participate in Teen

Fiction figure out how to understand Classics and to pass judgment books not just in

direct profound reaction to character's way of behaving yet zeroing in more on

contextualized understanding of the text.

Grover (2016) effectively qualified the current type of the E-book as one of

various sorts of computerized creations, or deliberately consumed advanced media. It

additionally planned to show how future digital books, by excellence of its responsive

nature and its higher text-to-non text proportion contrasted with other advanced

structures, may as it be emphasized into less difficult format (emphasis on textual

components) than of something else complicated formats (emphasis on audiovisual

components). This is expected to a limited extent to buyer and market assumptions for

the digital book as well as impediments for the digital book as a medium.

It turns into a test for individuals who teaches since they ought to pass on the

printed text and move to the computerized text as called hypertext. The presence of

digital writing likewise drives them change their style to break down and censure crafted

by writing. In this way, it turns into a test for them to show writing from text to hypertext.

(Nanda & Susanto, 2020)

10
 According to Schnackenberg, (2013) that the development of information

technology and the progress in digital systems have brought a flow of changes to the

dissemination of information in many fields, from science to entertainment. One of the

tools is the increasingly ubiquitous electronic device commonly referred to as a tablet.

Easy to carry, tablets are not operated via mouse or track pad, but rather contact is made

right on the screen itself, by the fingertips of the user.

In a similar study, Rahm an, (2017) mentioned that this tool is increasingly

utilized to maximize effectiveness in the world of industry, banking, online business,

advertising, education and even literature. The birth of cyber literature or the literary use

of cybernetics is a tangible consequence of the advancement of information technology.

Literary works are no longer read exclusively as printed books but can be accessed

through digital libraries and even as new forms of literary text media. Some people

switch to reading electronic works because they are more accessible and in many cases

there is open access to these works, rather than books that can be purchased from

specialized stores or are only available in the library. The logical consequences of the

digital cyber literature expansion have given rise to criticism. Some studies have showed

that screen-based reading which can involve activities such as scanning of large amounts

of data, searching through keywords, intertextuality, and non-linear reading can have a

significant influence on conventional reading habits.

Yoesoef (2020) revealed that scholarly works that show up in Wattpad and

Webnovel designs poetry, short stories, and serial stories Furthermore, there are web

journals that have practical experience in recording artistic works like show writing.

Through readings in the Wattpatt and Webnovel gatherings, it was observed that in the

11
internet abstract works, there are parts of imagination and potential shown by Gen Z that

underlie the potential for character development, artistic inventiveness, and advancement

of the age.

Ding & Li (2018) proposed a concurrent conditions model in view of herding

theory to hypothetically look at clients' true capacity herding behavior through two

competing effects: t the private signal effect and the sequential actions effect, which

allude to the effect of the private flags and noticed consecutive activities of others on

client quality surmising and grouping, individually. The model is executed in a

progressive Bayes system, and it is assessed utilizing information from the top Chinese

writing site. The observational outcomes propose that clients take part in judicious

herding in both advanced book utilization and buy on the central site and that the

grouping predisposition is shockingly more grounded for buying. Through this this study,

it offered new insights and theoretical and managerial consequences for marketing

researchers, new producers, marketing managers, and publishers.

Rahman, Amir, & Tammasse (2019) showed that young people view reading

fiction as diversion, yet additionally as an important and remunerating action. The pattern

towards electronic media gives a developing and progressively involved an open door for

relaxed readers and fans to get to and partake in a wide cross-segment of scholarly

fiction.

A study by on reading literary fiction in both print and electronic media involving

young adults (Nilsson, 2016) found that reading in a cyber space is beneficial to readers.

In particular, the participants in the Nilsson study believed that reading fiction was

12
important for self-awareness and personal development. This is in line with Nilsson

(2016) and Clinton (2019) findings which reaffirmed previous research findings that

readers tend to be more efficient and more knowledgeable about their performance when

reading texts on printed paper than on screens. Unfortunately, this does not take into

account the trends among young students. It is important to know the reasons why those

young students who read literature on electronic media like to do so. However, it is not as

simple as comparing the reasons between reading text on paper and electronic media.

Reading on screen has become an increasingly popular practice for educational reading

(e.g. scientific texts) as well as recreational reading (e.g. works of fiction) (Hyman et al.,

2014). Recreational reading includes reading literary texts.

In the study conducted by Grigoryan (2018), he examined the use of paperless

language learning with the context of United Arab Emirates. The motivation behind this

study was to look at Emirati level 1 English language students' perspectives towards the

iPad use for of language learning. It was finished through a cross-sectional review

survey, entirely formed of fixed-decision questions, and through week after week

intelligent diaries that were composed by the educators showing the gatherings. The

review gathered information through a questionnaire from 80 students who had been

presented to paperless language learning for a term of 80 educating periods. The

information gathered showed positive understudy mentalities towards iPad execution as a

language learning device regarding student satisfaction, inspiration, saw instrument

convenience and learning viability. Reflective journal analysis showed that the

computerized world presents the understudies with a direct interface between the work

taken and the award got, though the input or the reward given by the educators in the

13
conventional study hall was either excessively amorphous or excessively delayed

propelling students to keep the speed of moderate learning.

Meschini (2020) reported about an examination of the various structures and

practices of electronic writing beginning with the idea of the digital book as the no level

of literary re-mediation. The subsequent stage is the utilization of a computational model

applied to a semiotic model of the book in which one goes from the (made out of

information, processes, cooperation, a UI, and setting) applied to a semiotic model of the

book wherein one goes from the rawness of the signs on the page to the theoretical idea

of the work in order to group the different sorts of electronic writing from hypertextual

works to computerized verse to twitter Ture to the programmed formation of texts lastly

gets back to the relationship with the printed book and the shared impact between the

different informative sorts. This concentrate moreover contains an examination of

ongoing artistic works like S., theMystery.doc, and House of Leaves in which the

restrictions of the typographic page are tested, and the linearity of the text is broken.

Consequently, it shows how advanced textuality is reflected in viewpoints going from the

book as an item to the type of the novel and how electronic writing is an indispensable

piece of the redefinition of social and informative cycles.

Arora (2019) attempted to share the experience of the writer in giving guidelines

and rules on making a digital book in various formats, and how these formats can be

made ready to reflow to suit different display and fuse of special effects to make e-

reading a genuine encounter identical to reading a real book.

14
 Martins (2020) focused on examining the contemporary literary practices of

young readers and authors of fanfics engaged in when embedded in the partiality spaces

of fan writing. This dialogue depends on the idea of philosophical literacy proposed by

the creator and discoursed with the idea of multiliteracies, illustrated by the New London

Group (CAZDEN; COPE et al, 1996) and extended by a few creators like Cope;

Kalantzis (2000), Gee (2000), Rojo (2012) and Kleiman; Sito (2016), among others.

These contemporary proficiency practices, comprehended, hence, as the social

utilization of language, were examined according to an ethnographic point of view

(HEATH; STREET, 2008). Information was created from the field perception on two

fanfic independently publishing stages and from proficiency occasions happening in

rounds of discussion, inside the extent of the Junior Scientific Initiation Project. (PICJr-

049), advanced by a customary government establishment of essential schooling in Rio

de Janeiro. The social models of proficiency utilized by members in education occasions

(HEATH, 1982; STREET, 2012) signals that plans are (re)shaped as per the interactional

setting of these members. This article likewise proposes a reflection on the language

belief systems basic the talk of the understudies partaking in the PICJr-049. This

investigation is situated by Volóchinov's idea of philosophy and the thought of language

belief system, as talked about in the examinations. In the examination, it was seen that the

understudies build up language philosophies moored in the legitimation of the informed

standard of the Portuguese language and in the honor of artistic ordinances in school

education practices

15
 In a study conducted by Bal (2018), he aimed to determine the in-school and out-

of-school reading and writing encounters of middle school students. This study utilized

phenomenology from subjective examination strategies. Each of the 12 members (8

female, 4 male) were middle school grade 6 students. Different information assortment

methods were utilized: a study and a semi-organized interview about the utilization of

Wattpad, a semi-organized interview about the Turkish language subject, a semi-

organized interview about the connection between in-school and out-of-school perusing

and composing encounters, a journal of the understudies' Wattpad understanding

rundown, a journal of the students' Wattpad writing list, and the texts composed by the

understudies on Wattpad. Information assortment endured four months. The information

gathered from the study survey were broken down distinctly. The information from the

semi-organized meetings and journals were investigated utilizing content examination.

The outcomes demonstrated that most of the members had a negative view of in-school

reading. Comparable ends were drawn from the outcomes in-school composing on the

grounds that the majority of the members felt confined and under tension during the in-

school composing process. Wattpad was thought of as a scene where members can

communicate their thoughts serenely. The members shared positive encounters described

by eagerness, variety, seriousness, and diversion. By contrast, in-school perusing evoked

pessimistic encounters, for example, feeling obliged, exhausted, and limited, and seeing

the movement as insignificant. Out-of-school composing encounters were not entirely set

in stone to advance inner inspiration, to foster self-articulation of one's tension and

satisfaction the same, and to foster advanced composing abilities in out-of-school

16
composing encounters. In conclusion, no relationship was found between in-school and

out-of-school reading and writing experiences.

Silva dos Santos, et. Al (2018) drew on theory and twenty-five years of practice to

share insights on how to use educational technology in ELT and encourage teachers to

integrate educational technology into their teaching. They share successful approaches

and outline strategies practitioners in different English teaching contexts can employ as

they grapple with effective ways of using technology to support pedagogy. In doing so,

they reflected on their experiences teaching face-to face technology classes in high-

resource environments as well as teaching face-to-face and online courses for low- to

mid-resource environments. They explore useful theory-supported affordances various

technologies can provide, suggest ways to engage teachers in the decision-making

process, and outline how learners can be included in the process to arrive at a successful

experience and sustainable pedagogical innovations.

Simon (2016) contended that beginning around 2007 (arrival of iPhone and

Kindle) the scene went through a dramatic change, increasing. It outlined how the whole

worth chain of content (creation/ dissemination/utilization) has opened up. How much

User Generated Content (UGC) delivered set off a subjective leap, introducing new

methods of association between the clients and makers, without essentially turning the

shopper into a full-fledge creator. The UGC model adds one more wellspring of creation,

subsequently expanding variety, introducing new ways for ability exploring. It uncovers

different types of co-creation and the job of a local area model while likewise showing its

cutoff points.

17
 Media innovation can be utilized to give unequivocal and inserted jargon

preparing to small kids in danger for scholastic disappointment. These discoveries are

especially important for South African conditions where there is restricted parental help

and absence of instructive assets to advance jargon learning in small kids. (Klop et. Al,

2018).

In the Qualitative content analysis conducted by Brenna, Liu and Sun (2017), they

distinguished examples and patterns in a contemporary arrangement of Canadian verse

novels for young people. Twenty two books were situated as they continued looking for

titles distributed somewhere in the range of 1995 and 2016, and a significant number of

these arose as literary awardees in different contexts including the Governor General's

Award for youngsters' writing (text). Dresang's idea of Extremist Change, adjusted for

this cross examination, enlightened specific components of these cultural antiquities

deserving of notice.

In the Discoveries of Caute et. Al (2019) proved the viability of computers carried

out embedded vocabulary intervention for increasing jargon information. Computers

helped jargon guidance with framework through Spanish clarifications, redundancies,

furthermore, featured morphology is a promising way to deal with work with word

learning for English Language in kindergarten and first grade.

Through the internet, literary works in the digitized structures are consumed

alongside those in the printed ones. Also, the improvement of web innovation causes

individuals to have the different way of perusing writing which did not depend on the

customary linearity yet navigational one all things being equal. Utilizing the web helps,

18
navigational linearity crashes into an alternate sort of reading, for example hypertext,

having the electronic connecting of the text. Tapping on showing the new screen is one of

the encounters that the readers secure from perusing hypertext writing to get more data.

In this way, the rise of digital writing with hypertext as media energizes the access of

writing as the method of articulation. For teachers who show writing in the advanced

world, it is testing, and it requires instructive advancements, for example leading job

based online conversation on digital artistic works and utilizing scholarly websites with

reader essayist intelligence.

Reading Genre

Reading genre is a category of literature that producers and audiences self-

consciously recognize as marked by a distinctive style, form, or content. In

contemporary usage, genre reading usually refers to genres that developed historically

from pulp magazines in the early twentieth century—mysteries, Westerns, romances,

and science fiction sometimes including fantasy and horror.

According to Bullock, (2018) that there are several reasons why the study of

these genre novels is important. First, more people read novels than any other form of

fiction. Second, the genre novels of popular fiction attract very loyal readers who feel

they have established a connection to the author to other like-minded readers and this

emotional bond of loyalty can continue throughout the years with the readers returning

often to their favorite novels.

Literature students may acquire the skills necessary to analyze narrative

techniques, and to distinguish modernist from postmodernist novels, but they are not

asked to read for personal relevance. Traditional literary studies have centered around

19
questions such as “What is this text about?”. In fact, why one would study literature in

the first place is an issue that is notoriously ignored in curricula. Questions such as

“What is this text about for you?”, “What does it mean for your life?”, “What can a

student learn from this story”, and “How could this novel change the way a student

live?” are seldom considered. Outside academia, the relevance of literature for

people’s lives may be more common, such as programs like Changing Lives Through

Literature or Literature for Life  show. Skjerdingstad and Tangerås (2017)

Cyber literature platform.

In a study by Burke (2018) mentioned that the question of the transformative

purpose of the arts and of literature, more specifically, or the idea that the arts

(including literature) is for transformation is not new. It has been present since human

beings realized that they could influence others through discourse. In the course of the

development of literary theories, however, opinions are divided as to (1) whether

literature’s transformative powers are desirable or not and as to (2) the aspects of life

that literature changes.

Additionally, Shenoy and Aithal (2016) stated that Reading activities have

primarily been from texts printed on paper until relatively recent advances in

technology and cyber media platform began to provide a number of electronic

appliances with screens to enable reading, such as e-readers, computers, tablets, and

even mobile phones. It is implicit that advances in media technology lead to

developments in the field of electronic text.

Several studies have focused on the reading of literary fiction in print and on

cyber media. Some have examined the problem of reading using electronic sources

20
(cyber media) rather than paper sources (printed media) in terms of the performance of

reading and text reading assessments (i.e., the reading process and the pleasure gained

from reading). Comparative studies have shown marked differences between the reading

habits associated with different formats, for example print based textual reading versus

on-screen media reading (Kazanci, 2015). A study on reading literary fiction in both print

and electronic media involving young Swedish adults (Nilsson, 2016) found that reading

fiction is beneficial to readers. In particular, the participants in the Nilsson study believed

that reading fiction was important for self-awareness and personal development. The

participants felt that they derived more benefits from reading fiction in traditional printed

formats compared to reading fiction on cyber media, and that the benefits of reading are

greater than that derived from viewing literature in visual form or films. This is in line

with Nilsson (2016) and Clinton (2019) findings which reaffirmed previous research

findings that readers tend to be more efficient and more knowledgeable about their

performance when reading texts on printed paper than on screens.

Level of Reading Comprehension.

Vein, Catts, H. (2017) pointed out that to make learners proficient in reading is

one of the essential goals of the educational system. Also, Uysala (2018) noted that it is

of a key role in the teaching of not several but all academic skills. Because of its

importance, reading comprehension has become a subject of researches conducted in the

field of language learning and teaching.

However, Barrot (2017) explained that it must be noted that reading comprehension

is not an easy process hence not an easy skill to teach, on the part of the teachers, and

acquire, in the case of students. A similar contention was claimed by Zarati, (2014) when

21
they maintained that reading comprehension is ‘one of the most complex behaviors

students engage. This assertion resonates with previous authors view that nothing is plain

and simple about reading comprehension as a skill and ability that learners must possess

to succeed in their personal and academic lives. In the same light, researchers Muijselaar,

M. M. L., et. al. (2017).

Moreover, Kusdemir (2018) claimed that reading comprehension is noted to be a

result of not a few but of several linguistic and cognitive processes. Also, explained that

reading comprehension apart from involving a complex process is as well influenced by

various factors.

Cyber literature Short Stories its significance to reading comprehension.

The screen is an everyday part of life for most people. Mobile technology have

evolved into offline/online, now serves only a minor role. Tablet devices are ubiquitous.

(Gartner, 2015). Banking, travel, retail, and multiple service sectors are all transformed as

a result of online technology, and are further shaped by mobile devices and access.

Information access is rapidly shifting on screen. Over time, reading from the screen has

become the norm for a number of activities.

Sweney (2013) mentioned that the vast majority of people, for example, read and

respond to emails without first printing them. Books and academic journals are also

increasingly electronic. In 2014, e-books comprised some 30% of all book sales in the

United States (Bercovici, 2014); From January until August 2012, Amazon.co.uk sold

114 Kindle books for every 100 printed books (Malik, 2012). While evidence suggests

the overall proportion of e-book to printed book purchasing may be stablishing at about

22
1:3 (Wallop, 2015), increasing investment in e-books and electronic journal services by

higher education institutions means access to academic titles and articles is increasingly

online.

Moreover, Walters, (2013). Ready access to academic e-books is also improving,

although title availability is not sufficiently ubiquitous and licensing arrangements are too

challenging to make academic e-books a comprehensive solution for academic libraries at

present.

Student success and learning in reading comprehension should be central to the

debate of on screen, cyber media versus print. If cyber learning experience is designed so

that it improves educational outcomes and support. The potential benefits of cyber media

learning to students, and whether on-screen learning results in cognitive output.

The emphasis on the electronic word, the rapid uptake of gadgets may it be

offline/online, and the availability of internet connectivity provide substantial

opportunities for providers of distance education. On-screen reading is no longer as

inconvenient as it once was, and reading applications continue to develop. Over the last

decade or so, resource-based providers of distance education provided printed materials

to students in the form of printed learning guides and readings, complemented with

online discussion forums, media (frequently on videotape, CDROM, or DVD), and

external internet links. Additional learning materials can also be available online,

although usually in a printable format.

Wattpad and Online Reading Platforms

The ascend in independently publishing, computerized society culture and virtual

entertainment cooperation, have altered perusing and composing rehearses. Readers can

23
straightforwardly contact their number one creators, and distributers, through online

entertainment and become creators, and distributers, themselves. One of the results of

computerized perusing and composing is that composing is presently turning out to be

more equitable: customary distributers are at this point not the sole guardians of culture.

The prominence of social composing stage Wattpad is a new illustration of how another

age of powerful and imaginative scholars is entering the distributing field. This likewise

shows that there is an interest in origin without the intercession from distributers. In spite

of this, conventional thoughts of origin, possession and control are common in

contemporary distributing obstructing the genuine capability of imagination.

(Ramdarshan Bold, 2016)

According to Alfaq, et. Al (2021) The progression of innovation has advanced our

propensities. One of them who are developing are understanding stage. Wattpad is one of

the current perusing stage on the planet. This examination means to see the possibilities

of this application for writing class. They recommend that Wattpad should be use in the

class to accomplish artistic awareness among understudies.

Anggitasari et. Al (2020) investigated how EFL students reaction in getting a

charge out of brief tales by utilizing Wattpad and to figure out how their discernment and

encounters in getting a charge out of brief tales by implies perusing Wattpad. As interest

in proficiency exercises, EFL undergrads' pick Wattpad as an application to peruse brief

tales, Wattpad is a genuinely famous and proficient application for perusing brief tales

and can give remarks straightforwardly inside the brief tale sections and Wattpad enjoys

24
many benefits in elevating reader reaction hypothesis to EFL students. This contextual

analysis was directed to the understudies and 40 understudies. Three instruments

covering the perception, the meeting, and the survey were decided to acquire the

information. It was presumed that there is the positive criticism of involving Wattpad as a

media to learning writing like those past examinations, this exploration likewise centers

around Wattpad as a media to learning writing.

Rahman & Iwan (2019) centered around an investigation of Wattpad stages and

English writing course as mixed learning models in college understudies. In the period of

modern transformation 4.0, the utilization of mixed learning models is an elective answer

for the difficulties of the times in coordinating mechanical advancement with learning.

This study utilized enlightening subjective exploration strategy to analyze the idea of

mixing of Wattpad stages and English composition course. This examination finding

showed that Wattpad stages as a computerized media assets contain licensed innovation

as composition scholarly works with different kinds. Being utilized as English showing

material is exceptionally fascinating. Wattpad offers simple admittance to English

exposition material so it is more adaptable to expand the general setting of the English

growing experience. English exposition that contains language content like jargon,

expressions, sentences, and exchanges which become the media of the essayist to

communicate his plans to his readers. The utilization of Wattpad stages media helps

understudies as scholarly readers in moving the items in artistic works to their readers to

get a more significant growing experience since it is wealthy in moral and social

25
qualities. What's more, Wattpad stages offer chances to answer and value abstract work

through the reaction highlights gave by Wattpad. Through mixed learning plan, English

growing experience should be possible either eye to eye or online among speakers and

understudies to give most extreme learning results. Eventually, the learning plan of the

mixing Wattpad stages with the English writing course is supposed to be carried out as an

option in learning English cycles for cutting edge students.

Widiati & Astuti (2019) showed the coordination between the utilization of

innovation and regular learning and educating process. Exploiting innovation in

homeroom like the utilization of Wattpad by coordinating with process-type approach

assists understudies with causing the study hall exercises to turn out to be more

proficient. The goal of their paper is to show the impact of involving Wattpad in

educating and growing experience by coordinating with process-type approach towards

understudies' composing accomplishment. The treatment begins from pre-test, and end

with post-test. The outcome in this study shows after the understudies educate by

utilizing Wattpad gain preferred composing accomplishment over prior to utilizing.

Aprilia, Wahyudi, Markhamah, Sabardila (2022) examined the social deixis found

in a Wattpad story entitled Menjadi Selir. This study depicts the sorts of social deixis and

their utilization in sociolinguistics addresses as educating materials. The kind of

exploration utilized was spellbinding subjective examination. The information in this

study were the social deixis in a Wattpad story entitled Menjadi Selir by Rtsliya. The data

collection technique utilized the tuning in and note-taking procedure, while the

legitimacy of the information utilized triangulation. The analysis was applied the

26
referential identical technique. This study expects to decide the kinds of social deixis,

including monikers, occupation, position, titles and their utilization in sociolinguistic

talks educating materials.

Permatasari, Wijayanto, & Kristina (2019) explored the strengths and weaknesses

of extensive reading using Wattpad platform based on students’ perceptions. Wide

reading permits students to have more variety in their reading materials as they can

reading genuine texts from different sources that it is really applied external the study hall

for a great many people think about it as euphoric reading. The headway of innovation

over the times empowers individuals to do numerous exercises internet, including broad

understanding action. Thus, Wattpad is accepted to give tremendous free and paid

perusing materials that can uphold broad perusing for the understudies. Wattpad is more

viable than utilizing printed books; broad perusing on Wattpad is cash saving; the

perusing materials on Wattpad have great quality items; wide reading Wattpad further

develops students English's abilities unknowingly as well as the understanding

propensity.

Stylistics Analysis

In deciphering and grasping writing, stylistics assume a significant part. Stylistic-

linguistic method assumes a significant part in verse composing as well as educating.

Complex and etymological disciplines give an open door to the educators and

understudies or scholars to instruct, compose and concentrate on in an imaginative way.

Educational stylistics is characterized as utilization of stylistics examination for

27
motivation behind showing it and concentrating on writing. An elaborate examination

and investigation of writing will some or the alternate way help the understudies and

individuals in all to further develop their relational abilities as they will get acquainted to

various dialects. In this paper, examine about the stylistics, stylistics approaches and

connection among writing and language. (Shama, 2019)

In the study conducted by Zamruddin & Arafah (2019) portrayed the normalities

of the American Postmodern Novelist: Alice Walker with an emphasis on a person's or

potentially storyteller's psyche style in a complex and narratological approach. This study

meant to accomplish the normalities from the American writer's artistic work and how the

consistencies/abnormalities happen in the novel to approach the style of the author in

creating her abstract work. This study used descriptive qualitative by considered of

stylistics analysis and psyche style which were applied to the Alice Walker's The Color

Purple. The information of this study were taken from Alice Walker's original entitled

The Color Purple. The consequence of the review showed the events and the types of

normalities in the original The Color Purple by Alice Walker which addressed the style of

the author in making her scholarly work. The striking person of African-American

Vernacular English that were found in Alice Walker's The Color Purple showed that the

author poured their psyche style in their scholarly works by showing their expressive

choices in delivering the book. By showing their composing style the writers were added

to the advancement of public language in America.

In a stylistic analysis of Al-Qudsy (2016) on figures of speech in the Jakarta post

headlines under the issue of KPK vs. POLRI presented the following conclusions. There

28
are just six of twelve sorts of sayings tracked down in view of Perrine's hypothesis, for

example allegory, metaphor, punctuation, synecdoche, exaggeration/poetic

overstatement, and incongruity. (2) Each kind of interesting expression has its specific

capacity or capacities. However, there are just two of four elements of interesting

expressions tracked down considering Perrine's hypothesis, for example to add profound

power and to express a lot of in a short compass. Metaphor, simile, and

overstatement/hyperbole convey the two capacities, adding close to home power to the

readers and expressing a lot of in a short compass. Punctuation and incongruity just

capacity to add close to home power to the readers, while and synecdoche just capacities

in expressing a lot of in a concise compass.

According to Baroudi and Maliki (2020), language is an amazing asset whenever

utilized in the right way. It is the significant method of writing and utilizing the right

selection of words and styles can have an enduring influence. Stylistics is the

investigation of the utilization of different language styles in correspondence to pass a

message with a greater effect or to by implication convey. Stylistics analysis,

consequently, is the investigation of the utilization of semantic styles in texts to decide

how a style has been utilized, what is conveyed, and the way things are imparted. Honest

deception is the utilization of a selection of words to infer something else from the

exacting importance. An individual tuning in or reading a text where legitimate duplicity

has been utilized and with an exacting comprehension may totally pass up the point. This

is on the grounds that the issue of trustworthiness and misrepresentation emerges. In any

case, it would be smarter to comprehend that fair double dealing is utilized fully intent on

29
having an enduring effect as opposed to delude the readers, watchers, or audience

members.

Anggadewi (2020), in her stylistics analysis of the “Mending Wall” by Robert

Frost, emphasize that phonological level, alliteration, consonance, assonance, and eye-

rhyme were used to highlight important words. On the other hand, on graphological level,

contractions are used to keep the number of syllables on each line, punctuations: period,

coma, semi colon, while colon were used to separate lines, and apostrophe is used to

indicate direct speech. In grammatical level, usually present tense was used the most to

give the feeling of the poem. In semantic level, metaphor, simile, symbol, and imagery

gave the poem’s meaning. The four language features are link to each other to deliver the

meaning of the poem that is conflict and relationship in human’s life. From the four

language features, semantic features contribute the most in constructing the meaning.

Hassoon (2019) explored the use of figures of speech in the cyber literature

stories and how they are plotted with the reader’s insights. The results revealed that

figures of speech like simile, personification and metaphor are present in daily language

use. Moreover, the use of  multimedia together with the use of figures of speech in digital

stories play an important role in interpreting and knowing the text by the reader.

Milanovic (2019)studied the syntax-stylistic features of comparative structures in

the novel “We, deleted” which managed the primary kinds and useful upsides of the

comparative structures in Vladušić's computer game novel, which is the first digital novel

in the Serbian writing, the portrayal of which associates two universes - genuine and

30
virtual. Comparative structures are most often acknowledged by the utilization of the

similar word as though.

In a stylistic analysis of the short Story "The Little Match Girl, Alamahameed

(2020) endeavored to elaborately investigate our language levels appropriate to the story;

to be specific phonological level, syntactic level, graphological level and semantic level.

The phonological style of the creator contains four sound highlights: similar sounding

word usage, sound similarity, consonance and rhyme. The syntactic style of the creator is

primarily portrayed by successive deviation from English word request. The

graphological style of the creator is highlighted by inordinate utilization of accentuation

stamps like comma, semicolon, en run, dash and reversed commas. The semantic level in

the story is essentially impacted by the using exquisite synonymy. It is found that the

creator figured out how to make planning between semantically irrelevant words, making

them equivalents in setting. In expansion, the review examinations three sayings tracked

down in the story to be specific: representation, analogy and poetic overstatement. It very

well may be finished up that the language of the creator is described by variety and

uniqueness, in which he utilizes a few phonetic and beautiful gadgets to display his

unrivaled style and unique mark, making the story profound, contacting and intriguing to

follow.

In a study conducted by Frans (2021) was a Cognitive Stylistics Analysis of Ellen

Ndeshi Namhila's self-portrayal, The Price of Freedom. The paper utilized the tool of

Cognitive Schema Theory or Schema Theory to decipher parts and two of the book. In

this paper, the job of earlier information in significance making and picture compositions

31
were of interest. The discoveries uncovered that Namhila's self portrayal is loaded up

with text triggers that one can use to draw from memory to make distinctive pictures as a

main priority to make importance of the text.

Doche (2020) uncovered that dialogism is acknowledged through three principal

abstract and phonetic methodologies: intertextual referring to, metalepsis and reader

control. Every one of these serves to diminish or build the dialogic extent of the novel, or,

at the end of the day, its capacity to connect fundamentally with past talks (intertextual

referring to) and future talks radiating from reaser(metalepsis and reader control).

Very little exploration has adopted an observational strategy to hyperlinks in

hypertext fiction, with existing experimental examinations focusing on the investigation

of fiction understanding over account insight. Reader reaction study created as a feature

intended to look at both the changed sorts and the related mental impacts of hyperlinks in

computerized fiction. (Van der Bom, et. Al, 2021)

Kermani and Gooki (2017) has used descriptive- analytical method to talk about

on some imaginative and character of Ahmad Khan Shahrokhi and answer the

fundamental inquiry that what is the job and position of this artist in conventional

specialty of Kerman Carpet? The outcomes got from this study could be examination of a

few splendid works of Ahmad Khan. Through dissecting and stylistics examination of

these works and communicating some text and hypertext aspects of these works, the job

and position of this craftsman is indicated. The artist has been considered as an example,

designer and trailblazer because of his character and creative qualities.

32
 Potopova (2018) performed a stylistic analysis that has shown that hypertexts,

regardless of having a few explicit elements, have distinct nature. It approved the analysis

of the realization of all text classifications in hypertexts. This paper centered around the

examination of text class of time in on the web news hypertexts designated at kids. The

examination uncovers explicit worldly relationship of information messages with the

truth. Three sorts of children news in light of time classification are distinguished: 1)

actual news, 2) news + extensive background plan (frequently past), 3) background plan

(of the past) introduced as news.

The outcomes showed that the locales data is partitioned into discrete blocks

expected for its primary objective gatherings, and varies in an exceptional show way,

ordinary for the instructive foundations. It examined the "etymological plan", the

colleges' sites correspondence parts were contemplated, which structure a remarkable

college picture. Stylistics Analysis of a few language framework viewpoints was

completed. Strategies for complex investigation and content examination made it

conceivable to uncover that the open kind decision in the articles' titles should

unquestionably be propelled. The texts' quality and data degree has been uncovered in the

news segment. A clients' study was done, which uncovered that the site is one of the

compelling sources of information for students. (Kostyrya, 2020)

Stylistic awareness of a text-the information on syntactic, semantic, as well as

even pragmatic features — prompts a general comprehension of a talk. The review will

zero in on the stylistics of information type as legitimate material in study halls. It

pointed that correlation between the language highlights utilized in web-based news and

33
those utilized in the printed papers to highlight the semantic qualities of such media.

(Nabhan, 2017)

Metel (2020) demonstrated in his study that this text capacities in the intertextual

matrix that associates scholarly texts as well as bits of craftsmanship from various media.

The references to the imagery of the Book of Revelation have been retained and grown

further appearance the change from the first use. This element of the Book of Revelation

makes it a significant case for intertextual contemplations.

Pianzola, Rebora, & Lauer (2020) showed the rise of a global reading culture in

youth reading other than public inclinations for specific points and classifications,

examples of understanding commitment, stylish qualities and social cooperation. While

reading Teen Fiction social-holding (emotional connection) is common, while reading

Classics social-mental collaboration (aggregate knowledge) is predominant. An

educational result recommends that readers who take part in Teen Fiction figure out how

to understand Classics and to pass judgment on books not just in direct profound reaction

to character's way of behaving, yet zeroing in more on contextualized translation of the

text.

Kasmundari (2018) studied Indonesian Wattpad English Prose writers like Bree

Stonefield. Two brief tales entitled White Dress and 11 Reasons Why were stylistically

analyzed. From the investigation, it is found that the creator oftentimes utilized poetic

overstatement, analogy, representation and metaphor. The writer's composing style shows

an example where she utilized interesting expression generally on dynamic items and

action word and backhanded structures. These styles can be made sense of by the tales'

34
inborn component of plot improvement and topic and portrayal constructing, the writer's

experience where she gains English for the most part casually from web-based

entertainment and other web-based stage, the Wattpad's pattern that impacts its scholars,

and first language impedance that impacts the writer's selection of words also. This

proposed that the creator's style was framed from authorial aim as well as impacted by

the creator's circumstance.

Wattpad along these lines turns into a compelling apparatus for scholarly learning

among its clients. Writing keeps up with the points and the musical and formal elements

of idyllic custom, a reality that differences with the computerized climate in which this

verse is considered and distributed. It is perplexing that Wattpad advances customary

wonderful themes that work with the utilization of a traditional style of verse. Readers

consider the stage to be an approach to communicating their own sentiments, intricate,

ornate, similar to the verse they compose and share, and they frequently do so secretly,

fairly humiliated and embarrassed. (Falguera-Garcí &Selfa-Sastre, 2021)

Applying Cognitive Grammar's multidimensional model of construal, Harrison &

Nuttall (2019) made an explicit forecast concerning readers' encounters of this story's

imaginary world on a first-and second readings, thoroughly searching specifically at

changing conceptualizations of tone, air and account point of view, and the semantic

handling capable. In view of this scientific contextual analysis. They proposed that

requirement for additional examination of texts which shock readers, or which highlight a

bend or uncover, and the manners by which data is gone to across various readings.

35
 Tokat (2022) analyzed the subjects of interest of adolescent readers, their

preferences and the quality of the Turkish books that appeal to them.  Results shows the

huge impact of Kpop society in Turkish books on Wattpad. It is likewise seen that words

connected with family relationship and fondness names, callings and word related names,

media and online entertainment specialized devices, mature subjects, scenes,

otherworldly, and legendary components, Watty Awards, orientation and age, religions,

individual, physical and age qualities of heroes, and rule are utilized as labels.

All these literary literatures support the present study, but no study has

determined and described the features of cyber literature that has been emerging in the

society. Cyber literature has been on the internet for a long time already, many students

and readers have read hundreds of cyber texts, and yet no single literary analysis can be

found.

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study may provide useful information to the following people:

Cyber literature Readers. This study provides readers an awareness on the

importance of analyzing the texts they are reading. Providing them more ways to

understand the texts comprehensively through stylistic analysis. It will also give way on

discussions around the current trends in reading and writing pedagogy.

Literary & Language Learners. Results of this study entail a literary model that

will help students learn the use of Language through a thorough analysis of a form of

literature like short stories in the 21st Century. The study also implies the use of cyber

36
literature novels as subject for literary analysis to better understand the writings of the

post-modern era.

Literature Teachers. The paper will encourage them to try

different strategies to help students develop their reading which will facilitate their

understanding of articles and studies written by other authors, their examination of data,

and the relationship of the conclusions to the findings of the study. On the other hand, the

results of the survey will also give them ideas on how they can help students develop

their reading comprehension skills.

Other Researchers. The study will serve as a guide and source of ideas in the

conduct of related studies in the field of English and other areas of educational research.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored with formalism theory, it refers to the critical approach that

interpret, evaluate, and analyze the features of a text. It includes grammar and syntax as

well as literary devices such as meter, figures of speech, and the likes. It centers just

around the actual work and totally disregards the creator of the work, time and foundation

data of the work, and the crowds' inclination or discernment about the work. The

formalistic approach lessens the importance of a literary piece on historical, biographical,

and cultural context. Text as independent specimen that focuses more on the construction

rather than implication, allusions, or resemblance of the author’s life from the literary

piece.

With the use of formalism theory, the researcher can see how the literary texts and

feature were put together by the author. This approach looks at a text as an independent

37
item; it doesn't, subsequently, fret about personal data about the author, historical events

beyond the story, or literary allusions, fanciful examples, or psychoanalytical

characteristics of the characters.

With formalism approach, totality of a literary piece including the type of every

individual piece of the text the characters, the set tings, the tone,

the perspective, the phrasing, and any remaining components of the text which join to

make it a solitary text. After breaking down each part, the researcher serving as the critic

will depict how they cooperate to make give significance to the text.

This will be done in analyzing cyber literature stories. The researcher will

examine and analyze the text independently and solitary. He will ensure that a thorough

formalistic analysis of the text will be achieved; although the judgement of the proponent

of the study about a literary piece may reflect his own personality, biases, values and

experience, the style, intention, and words of the author must be taken with respect and

consideration. In doing such, the proponent of the study should not analyze a work in

terms of what he would like to see it, but instead he should analyze the works of literature

in terms of what he observed. In this approach, the research as the critic must clearly

separate his assumptions from the author’s perspectives and beliefs.

The study is also based on the linguistic theory of Noam Chomsky which stresses

that the language as having grammar that is largely solitary of language use. Moreover,

he discussed that language acquisition is governed by universal , underlying grammar

rules . Arguably, Chomsky believes that there are numbers of developmental similarities

in linguistics; one of them is them is the presence of innate language acquisition

mechanism in the brain that is called as the Language Acquisition Device (LAD).

38
According to him, this LAD is a specialized lnaguage processor which has universal

linguistic principles providing the children the innate ability to speak and learn the

language. Chomsky further believes that it is only humans have the Language acquisition,

not the other living species.

In the study being conducted, the processing of the analyses will be based

solitarily on the language use by the author of each cyber literature under study.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. Conceptual Model of the Study

Figure 1 represents the conceptual framework of the study. It consists of the

stages to be conducted in the discovering the Emerging Literary Features of Cyber

Literature Stories Through Stylistics Analysis. The model is a functional graph that

identifies three different stages to be done in the execution of the study.

39
 In Figure 1, the first box indicates the selected short stories to be the specimens of

the study. These short stories fall under the criteria needed to be selected as the

specimens of the study. First, it should be the most read English short story; second, it

should be published publicly in a legitimate reading online platform.

The second box goes with the step-by-step procedure or methods on how the

researcher will collect data from the specimens of the study. This includes the

examination and in-depth analysis of the selected specimens through stylistics analysis.

The third box serves as the output or findings of the study which will be the basis for the

formulation of a Literary model about the features of cyber literature short stories. In

addition, qualitative research has no variables then qualitative research raw data are

transformed into final description, or themes and categories.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to describe the emerging literary features of cyber literature

short stories. In connection with the problem, the researcher seeks to answer the

following questions:

1. What are the literary features of cyber literature short stories?

2. How do classical literature and cyber literature differ in terms of literary

features?

3. How do literary features emerge from cyber literature?

4. What literary model may be conceptualized based on the findings of the

study?

40
Scope and limitation of the Study

The study will only cover the discovery of emerging literary features of cyber
literature short stories through stylistics analysis. The study focuses only to the
identification of literary features of cyber literature short stories, classify the differences
between classical literature and cyber literature in terms of literary features; do classical
literature and cyber literature differ in terms of literary features and the creation of a
literary model that may be conceptualized based on the findings of the study.

This study will use descriptive qualitative research that involves interpretative,
and formalistic approach to the subject matter under study. In this study, discourse
stylistic will be used and applied to the most read cyber literature, which are short stories,
to be analyzed in a manner of descriptive qualitative way.

Definition of Terms

Cyberliterature. It is a concept of digital literature which is created and presented

by means of a computer. (presented mostly in WWW, but also on a CD or on a computer

hard drive). In narrower terms, the concept of cyberliterature can be characterized by certain

computer-specific qualities: multilinearity, lexias (blocks of text connected with

various hypertext links) joined by linking a written text with multi-media, interactivity.

Hypertext literature and cybertexts. These refer to literary texts of more

complex structure, which exploit various hypertext solutions , but also intricate

multimedia cybertexts. Such cybertexts would be the most authentic

example of multimedia artefacts, merging literature, visual arts, film and music.

Reading genre. This refers to a category of literature where producers and

audiences self- consciously recognize as marked by a distinctive style, form, or

content.

41
 Print Literature- This refers to any form of literature in print like books, magazine,

and others.

42
 Chapter 2
Methodology and Procedure

This chapter presents the methods and techniques used in the study. It includes the

research design, the participants, the research instrument, the data gathering procedure,

and the data processing which enabled the researcher to explore the insights and

strategies employed by the participants of the study.

Research Design

This study will employ descriptive qualitative research that involves

interpretative, and formalistic approach to the subject matter under study. In this study,

discourse stylistic will be used and applied to the most read cyber literature, which are

short stories, to be analyzed in a manner of descriptive qualitative way. Through use of

descriptive qualitative, it will help the researcher answer the questions on representation

of style of the authors of the cyber literature stories in their chosen literary work, whether

any regularities of style in the creating short stories.

This study will also use the formalistic analysis which involves the in-depth

evaluation of the text from its organic form. It will strive to comment on the quality and

meaning in the texts being analyzed.

Formalistic analysis was made for the most read cyber literature short stories

found online. The main objective of this analysis primarily highlighting the most

common areas of deviation from the norms of English in the story. The study conducted a

formalist analysis of His Blonde Little Secret and Montello High: School of Gangsters/ In

addition, the study analyzed stylistically hyperbole, simile, and personification.

Moreover, the research will figure out the allusion, analogy, character, climax, conflict,

43
dialogue, flashback, foreshadowing, hyperbole, imagery, irony, metaphor, mood,

paradox, parody, plot, and the point-of-view, and understatement.

The researcher will also attempt to find out the phonological, syntactic, semantic and

graphological features used by contemporary authors of cyber literature short stories

published online if available.

Research Instruments of the Study

The proponent of the study directly collects the data by doing content and

stylistics analysis which makes him the main instrument of the study. Also, because the

data to be collected cannot speak and discuss further for themselves, the researcher has to

interpret them with depth analyses. As the primary instrument, the researcher has the key

role of observing, collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the data and finally making

conclusion.

Data Sources of the Study

The objects of this study are the most read English Cyber literature short stories

from various online reading platforms like Wattpad, Novelah, NovelCat, Kindle, and

others that have been selected by the researcher. The forms of the data are the texts of the

selected cyber literature stories which contain figures of speech, themes, language

features, semantics, grammatical features, graphological, and stylistics.

In view of this, the researcher has chosen to analyze His Little Blonde Secret and

Montello High School of Gangsters as the specimen of the study. His Little Blonde

Secret has accounted twenty-four million and two hundred thousand reads in Wattpad

44
alone making it number 3 in the list of most read short stories. This English written story

of Zakz15 has been uploaded to several other cyber literature platforms like webNovel,

Wattpad, BabelNovel, Amazon, kindle, sofaVel and others.

On the other hand, Montello High School of Gangster is a short story series

written in English by a Filipina woman named Shiela May Familaran. In 2015, Filipino

Readers' Choice Awards was awarded to Montello High: School of Gangster that paved

more way to its popularity. As of today, it has reached eighty-six million and three

hundred thousand reads. It is also uploaded in various cyber literature platforms like

Goodreads, Pop Fiction Books, PDFCOFFEE.com and others.

Validation Process

The study measured what it claimed to measure. In ensuring the precision of the

results of the study, the researcher prepared the findings of the study in tables; then he

wrote letters of request as validators for the selected scholars. These scholars were

selected for the researcher believed that they are all capable in scrutinizing the results of

the study for they have finished their post-graduate studies in English and have lots of

knowledge and wisdom in analyses, especially in formalism as an approach.

Data Gathering Procedure

1. The mode of data gathering was the Stylistics Approach. The researcher gathered

speech, themes, language features, semantics, grammatical features,

graphological, and stylistics through the following measures: The researcher

45
 conducted an in-depth reading of references through the varied reputable

academic journals, theses, dissertations. Through these processes the researcher

was able to possess a repertoire of gendered literary studies from previous various

research findings.

2. In determining the short stories for Analysis, the researcher shortlisted titles most

read cyber literature short stories primarily written in the English Language and

these stories must be published in five or more online reading platforms to ensure

a wide scope of audience. The selection process of the study ensured that the

criteria for choosing the right short stories were strictly followed.

3. The researcher read the selected short stories comprehensively and figured out the

appropriate data based on the researcher’s perception, knowledge, and theories of

figures of speech and language; also, he managed to tabulate the raw data for

analysis.

4. the researcher has identified some parts of the text and select them as pieces of

proofs and basis for the attainment of the objectives of the study, furthermore,

5. the researcher analyzed the selected parts to understand the context to support the

researcher’s analysis; in this way he was able to compare the raw data gathered to

print literature, afterwards,

6. the researcher used the experts’ theories of figures of speech as stated in literature

review to see their conformity with the selected data; lastly,

7. the researcher classified the relevant data based on the categorizations.

46
Analysis of the Specimen

The researcher used the formalistic approach to inspect the short stories His
Blonde Little Secret and Montello High: School of Gangsters by their natural structure
respectively; allusion, analogy, character, climax, conflict, dialogue, flashback,
foreshadowing, hyperbole, imagery, irony, metaphor, mood, paradox, parody, plot, and
the point-of-view, and understatement. The researcher used this scientific approach in
writing since it advocates purposeful and orderly readings of texts. The researcher barred
to use any outer components or external data, for instance, writer's very own life or the
social, notable foundation of the time the text was composed or the reader's bias in
analysis. Furthermore, the researcher examined simply the actual text. Consequently, all
interpretations were upheld by the pieces of evidence found in the actual short stories
used as specimen, His Blonde Little Secret and Montello High: School of Gangsters.

In addition, the analyses of the stories extend to figures of speech utilized by the
authors respectively including hyperbole, simile, and personification. Moreover, the
research figured out the allusion, analogy, character, climax, conflict, dialogue,
flashback, foreshadowing, hyperbole, imagery, irony, metaphor, mood, paradox, parody,
plot, and the point-of-view, and understatement to determine and describe the emerging
literary features of the cyber literature short stories.

Ethical Compliance

The Virginia Ramirez-Cruz National High School (VRCNH) has created the

Research Ethics Committee (REC), an independent body that is responsible for ensuring

that researches consider ethical guidelines and the safety of its human participants.

Hence, the researcher will secure institutional clearances and permission from VRCNH's

REC.

47
 The following ethical considerations will be observed for this research

undertaking:

1. Validation of Findings- The researcher obtained the approval of the

scholars who scrutinized the findings of the study.

2. Plagiarism free- The researcher ensured that any part of the paper is free

of duplication, stealing of intellectual property and of piracy.

3. Analysis of the Short Stories- The researcher ensured that the dignity,

respect for the short stories and their respective authors, are ensured and preserved in the

analysis conducted.

4. Copyright Infringement. The researcher takes no credit in any part of the

short stories used in this study. The parts were only used to further explain the analyses.

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 References

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 Appendix A

Validation Letters

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53
 Curriculum Vitae

Juan Dela Cruz

123 Siling Bata, Pandi, Bulacan 3014

photo 090123890

[email protected]

Professional Profile

Eager to bring secondary students into the twenty-first century

using a Progressive strategies which are Outcomes-Based, and

Competency-Based Education

Communication and Computer skills are well-equipped.

Dedicated to enthusiastic and dynamic teaching as a means of

creating and nurturing a lifelong love of knowledge in students.

Possesses good leadership and interpersonal skills.

Adept in Research making.

Education, Honors, and Certifications

Post –Graduate

Doctor of Philosophy Major in English Language and Literature

La Consolacion University Philippines, City of Malolos, Bulacan,

Philippines.

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Master of Arts in Education Major in English

La Consolacion University Philippines, City of Malolos, Bulacan,

Philippines. MAGNA CUM LAUDE. Graduated 2019.

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English

Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines. 2014

-------------------Leadership Award 2010-2011

Sports Award- 2010-2011

Extra/Co-curricular Award 2011-2012

Leadership Award 2012-2013

Service Award-2012-2013

Sports Award-2012-2013

Secondary

St. James Academy, Plaridel, Bulacan. 2010

-----------------Leadership Award

Elementary

St. James Academy, Plaridel, Bulacan. 2006

Basic Information

Gender: Male

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

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Age: 28

Date of Birth: October 29, 1993

Place of Birth: Caloocan City

Height: 5’3”

Weight: 130 Lbs.

Phone Numbers: (Mobile) 1234567890

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