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Normal Distribution I
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T
R
R Finding the Area
Under the Normal Curve I
B
M Finding the z-value
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Describing Normal Distribution I
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A normal distribution is a continuous, R
R symmetric, bell-shaped distribution of a variable. I
The known characteristics of the normal curve B
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make it possible to estimate the probability of
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A occurrence of any value of a normally distributed
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variable. O
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Describing Normal Distribution I
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Most scientific and business data and natural relationships, T
such as weight, height, etc., when displayed using a histogram R
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frequency curve are bell-shaped, and symmetrical, known as I
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION. B
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Distribution:
heights of people T
A size of things produced by machines
errors in measurements I
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blood pressure
scores on a test
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Properties of a Normal Distribution I
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The following are the properties of a normal T
distribution: R
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1.) The distribution is bell-shaped. I
2.) The mean, median, and mode are equal and are located at the center of the B
M distribution.
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3.) The normal distribution is unimodal.
4.) The normal distribution curve is symmetric about the mean (the shape are same on T
A both sides).
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5.) The normal distribution is continuous.
6.) The normal curve is asymptotic (it never touches the x-axis). O
L 7.) The total area under the normal distribution curve is 1.00 or 100%. N
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Properties of a Normal Distribution I
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8. The area under the part of a normal curve that lies within 1 standard deviation of the mean T
68%; within 2 standard deviation, about 95%; and with 3 standard deviation, about 99.7%. R
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Finding the Area Under I
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the Normal Curve T
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Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
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Example 1: Find the area under the standard normal distribution T
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R curve between z = 0 and z = 1.25.
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Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table.
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the area.
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Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
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Example 2: Find the area under the standard normal distribution T
curve between z = 0 and z = -2.13. R
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Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table.
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the area. The z-table can
also be used even when the
given z value is negative.
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They make no difference T
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with the positive ones since
we are looking for the area.
Therefore, the area between
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the given values of z is
0.4834 or 48.34%.
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Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
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Example 3: Find the area under the standard normal distribution T
curve to the right of z = 0.96. R
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Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table.
0.5 or 50% B
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the area.
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The area required is at the right tail of the normal curve. The
area obtained in Step 2 is the area from 0 to 0.96. To find the O
L 0 0.96 reqjuired area, subtract 0.3315 from 0.5 (area of half of the normal
curve). Thus, 0.5 – 0.3315 is 0.1685 or 16.85%. N
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Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
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Example 4: Find the area under the standard normal T
distribution curve to the left of z = 1.08. R
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Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table. I
the area.0.5 or 50%
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A The area required is at the left tail of the normal curve. The I
area obtained in Step 2 is the area from 0 to 1.08. To find the
reqjuired area, add 0.3599 to 0.5 (area of half of the normal O
L 0 1.08 curve). Therefore, 0.5 + 0.3599 is 0.8599 or 85.99%.
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Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
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Example 5: Find the area under the standard normal T
distribution curve between z = 0.34 and z = 1.05. R
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Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table.
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the area.
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0 0.34 1.05
The area required is the difference between the area between z=0 and z=1.05
and the area between z=0 and z=0.34. The areas obtained in Step 2 are 0.3531
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L and 0.1331 respectively. To find the reqjuired area, subtract the two areas
obtained. Thus, 0.3531 – 0.1331 is 0.22 or 22%. N
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Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
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Example 6: Find the area under the standard normal T
distribution curve between z = -1.11 and z = 2.75. R
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Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table. I
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the area.
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The area required is the
sum of the areas between z=0
and z=-1.11 and between z=0 U
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and z=2.75. The areas
obtained in Step 2 are 0.3665
A and 0.4970 respectively. To
find the required area, add I
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the two areas obtained.
-1.11 0 2.75 Therefore, the area is 0.3665 +

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0.4970 which is 0.8635 or
86.35%.
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The z-value I
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A normal can be converted into a standard normal distribution by T
obtaining the z value. A z value is the signed distance between a selected value,
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R designated x, and the mean 𝑥,ҧ divided by the standard deviation. It is also
called as z scores, the z statistics, the standard normal deviates, or the I
standard normal values. In terms of formula: B
M 𝒙−𝒙 ഥ U
𝒛=
𝒔 T
A where: z = z value I
x = the value of any particular observation or measurement
𝑥ҧ = the mean of the distribution O
L s = standard deviation of the distribution
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Complete the table below S
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x ഥ
𝒙 s z
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110 108 10 ?
R
R ? 108 10 1.30
15 ? 1.25 -0.64 I
87 108 ? -2.10 B
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Solution for z: T
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𝑥 −𝑥ҧ 110 −108
𝑧= = = 0.2 O
𝑠 10
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Complete the table below S
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x ഥ
𝒙 s z
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110 108 10 0.20
R
R ? 108 10 1.30
15 ? 1.25 -0.64 I
87 108 ? -2.10 B
M 𝒙−𝒙ഥ U
Solution for x: 𝒛 =
𝒔
T
A 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎 =
𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝟏𝟎
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𝟏𝟑 = 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝟏𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎𝟖 = 𝒙
O
L 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏 N
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Complete the table below S
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x ഥ
𝒙 s z
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110 108 10 0.20
R
R 121 108 10 1.30
15 ? 1.25 -0.64 I
87 108 ? -2.10 B
M 𝒙 −ഥ𝒙 U
ഥ: 𝒛 =
Solution for 𝒙
T
𝒔

A −𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 =
𝟏𝟓 − 𝒙
𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
ഥ
I
ഥ
– 𝟎. 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟓 − 𝒙
ഥ = 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟖
𝒙
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L ഥ = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖
𝒙 N
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Complete the table below S
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x ഥ
𝒙 s z
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110 108 10 0.20
R
R 121 108 10 1.30
15 15.8 1.25 -0.64 I
87 108 ? -2.10 B
M 𝒙 −𝒙ത U
Solution for s: 𝒛 =
𝒔

𝟖𝟕 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖
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A −𝟐. 𝟏𝟎 =
𝒔 I
– 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝒔 = −𝟐𝟏
−𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝒔
=
−𝟐𝟏 O
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−𝟐. 𝟏𝟎 −𝟐. 𝟏𝟎
𝒔 = 𝟏𝟎
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Applications I
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Example 1: The scores of 25 grade 6 pupils have a mean of 5.35 and T
standard deviation of 0.45. What percentage of all these scores are R
R lower than 4? I
B
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49.87%. Therefore to find the U
𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 4 − 5.35
𝑧= = = −3.0 percentage of those who T
A 𝑠 0.45 obtained lower than 4, subtract
49.87% from 50% (area to the I
left of the mean). Thus, 0.13% O
obtained scores lower than 4.
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Applications I
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Example 2: You took an entrance examination and scored 68. The mean score T
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R for the exam is 54 and the standard deviation is 10. How well did you score on
the test compared to the average test taker? I
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M Solution for z: *The area from the score of the
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average taker 54 to 68 is 41.92%.
𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 68 − 54
𝑧= = = 1.4 Therefore, you performed T
A 𝑠 10 41.92% better than the average
takers. I
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Are there any questions T
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distribution? If there’s none, B
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prepare now for the offline T
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activity. O
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