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    M105-ACTIVITY#2 NoolJanine

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    Leander Isabelle Nool
    This document summarizes maternal and infant high-risk factors related to pregnancy timing and health conditions. For mothers, risks include pregnancies that are too young, too old, too many, too close together, or occurring while too ill. Risks to infants include preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defects, and complications if the pregnancy is too young, old, many, close together, or the mother is too ill. The document provides examples and evidence from research and health organizations about each risk factor.

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    M105-ACTIVITY#2 NoolJanine

    Uploaded by

    Leander Isabelle Nool
    29 views6 pages
    This document summarizes maternal and infant high-risk factors related to pregnancy timing and health conditions. For mothers, risks include pregnancies that are too young, too old, too many, too close together, or occurring while too ill. Risks to infants include preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defects, and complications if the pregnancy is too young, old, many, close together, or the mother is too ill. The document provides examples and evidence from research and health organizations about each risk factor.

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    M105-ACTIVITY#2_NoolJanine

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    This document summarizes maternal and infant high-risk factors related to pregnancy timing and health conditions. For mothers, risks include pregnancies that are too young, too old, too many, too close together, or occurring while too ill. Risks to infants include preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defects, and complications if the pregnancy is too young, old, many, close together, or the mother is too ill. The document provides examples and evidence from research and health organizations about each risk factor.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views6 pages

    M105-ACTIVITY#2 NoolJanine

    Uploaded by

    Leander Isabelle Nool
    This document summarizes maternal and infant high-risk factors related to pregnancy timing and health conditions. For mothers, risks include pregnancies that are too young, too old, too many, too close together, or occurring while too ill. Risks to infants include preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defects, and complications if the pregnancy is too young, old, many, close together, or the mother is too ill. The document provides examples and evidence from research and health organizations about each risk factor.

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    of 6

    NAME: NOOL, JANINE V.

    COURSE/YR LEVEL: BS MIDWIFERY 3RD YR


    FACULTY: VHANNIE MAE D. RULLAN, RM. LMT,
    BSM

    ACTIVITY # 2:
    MATERNAL HIGH-RISK FACTORS

    1) Complications to the mother and its outcome.


    A. Too Young
     Early pregnancies among adolescents have major health
    consequences for adolescent mothers and their babies. Pregnancy
    and childbirth complications are the leading cause of death
    among girls aged 15–19 years globally, with low- and middle-
    income countries accounting for 99% of global maternal deaths
    of women aged 15–49 years. Adolescent mothers aged 10–19
    years face higher risks of eclampsia, puerperal endometritis and
    systemic infections than women aged 20–24 years. Additionally,
    some 3.9 million unsafe abortions among girls aged 15–19 years
    occur each year, contributing to maternal mortality, morbidity
    and lasting health problems.
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-
    pregnancy

    B. Too Old
     As you get older, you’re more likely than younger women to
    have certain health conditions that can cause complications
    before and during pregnancy, including;
    Trouble getting pregnant (also called fertility problems). Each
    woman is born with a set number of eggs. You release an egg
    each time you ovulate, about 14 days before you have your
    period. So as you get older, you have fewer and fewer eggs, and
    the eggs you have aren’t easily fertilized by a man’s sperm. All
    this makes it harder for you to get pregnant. If you’re older than
    35 and have been trying for 6 months to get pregnant, tell your
    health care provider. He may recommend fertility treatments that
    can help you get pregnant.
    Pre-existing diabetes. This is when you have too much sugar
    (called blood sugar or glucose) in your blood. Too much blood
    sugar can damage organs in your body, including blood vessels,
    nerves, eyes and kidneys. Pre-existing diabetes means you have
    diabetes before you get pregnant.
    Gestational diabetes. This is a kind of diabetes that some women
    get during pregnancy.
    High blood pressure (also called hypertension). High blood
    pressure is when the force of blood against the walls of your
    blood vessels is too high.
    Preeclampsia. This condition can happen after the 20th week of
    pregnancy or right after pregnancy. It’s when a pregnant woman
    has high blood pressure and signs that some of her organs like
    her kidneys and liver, may not be working properly. Signs of
    preeclampsia include having protein in the urine, changes in
    vision and severe headaches. If you’re older than 40, your risk is
    higher for preeclampsia than for younger women.
    These health conditions can cause problems during pregnancy,
    including:

    Needing to have a c-section (also called cesarean birth). A c-


    section is surgery in which your baby is born through a cut that
    your doctor makes in your belly and uterus (womb). Like any
    surgery, a C-section comes with risks, like infection and reaction
    to anesthesia. The older you are, the more likely you are to have
    pregnancy complications that make a C-section necessary.
    Miscarriage. This is when a baby dies in the womb before 20
    weeks of pregnancy.
    Stillbirth. This is when a baby dies in the womb after 20 weeks
    of pregnancy.
    https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/pregnancy-after-
    age-35.aspx

    C. Too Many
    - experts believe that having pregnancies too close together
    doesn't give the mother time to recover after losing nutrients
    such as iron and folate after pregnancy and breastfeeding. This is
    called maternal depletion syndrome.
    Back-to-back pregnancies can deplete essential nutrients, making
    mothers at higher risk for anemia and other complications such
    as uterine rupture, and also putting their babies at risk of low
    birth weight and preterm birth.
    The more children you have, the more likely you have a
    significant complication. The chances of having the baby not
    lying in the right position when going into the labor, that's more
    common.
    After several pregnancies, the uterine muscles could fail to
    contract after delivery, which is the most common cause of
    postpartum hemorrhage. This excessive blood loss can be
    stopped with medical attention and immediate treatment such as
    a blood transfusion.
    https://edition.cnn.com/2011/11/01/health/multiple-pregnancies-
    mother/index.html

    D. Too Close
    - The timing of your pregnancies is important, too. While you
    and your partner might have preferences about how close in age
    you'd like your children to be, some research shows that how you
    space your pregnancies can affect mother and baby.
    Research suggests that beginning a pregnancy within six months
    of a live birth is associated with an increased risk of:

     Premature birth
     The placenta partially or completely peeling away from the inner
    wall of the uterus before delivery (placental abruption)
     Low birth weight
     Congenital disorders
     Schizophrenia
     Maternal anemia
    In addition, recent research suggests that closely spaced
    pregnancies might be associated with an increased risk of autism
    in second-born children. The risk is highest for pregnancies
    spaced less than 12 months apart.

    E. Too ill

    Flu is an infectious viral illness spread by coughs and


    sneezes. It's not the same as a cold. Flu is caused by a
    different group of viruses. Symptoms tend to be more
    severe and last longer.
    You can catch flu — short for influenza — all year round,
    but it is especially common in winter.

    If you are pregnant and think you have the flu, see your
    doctor as soon as possible. It is recommended that
    pregnant women who have the flu are treated with antiviral
    medicines because they are at much higher risk of
    complications. Antiviral medicines work best when started
    within 48 hours of symptoms starting.

    Antivirals will not cure flu, but they will help to:

     reduce the length of time you are ill by around one day
     relieve some of the symptoms
     reduce the potential for serious complications.

    2) Complications to the infant.


    A. Too Young
    - Early childbearing can increase risks for newborn as well as
    young mothers. Babies born to a too young mother face higher
    risks of low birth weight, preterm delivery and severe neonatal
    conditions. In some settings, rapid repeat pregnancy is a concern
    for young mothers, as it presents further health risks for both the
    mother and the child.
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-
    pregnancy

    B. Too Old
    - Birth defects, including Down syndrome. Birth defects are
    health conditions that are present at birth. Birth defects change
    the shape or function of one or more parts of the body. They can
    cause problems in overall health, how the body develops or in
    how the body works. Older women are more likely than younger
    women to have a baby with a birth defect.
    Low birth weight. This is when your baby is born weighing less
    than 5 pounds, 8 ounces.
    Being pregnant with multiples (twins, triplets or more). Older
    women are more likely than younger women to get pregnant with
    multiples. This can happen on its own because of changes in
    your hormones with age, and some fertility treatments make
    getting pregnant with multiples more likely. Being pregnant with
    multiples can cause problems during pregnancy.
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-
    depth/pregnancy/art-20045756

    C. Too Many
    - As for babies born to a woman who already has many closely
    spaced kids, they may experience growth restriction in the
    womb, the babies just don't grow to their full size during the
    pregnancy, and there can be nutritional factors as well.
    https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/health-risks-
    pregnancies-stake-mom-19-michelle-duggar-women

    D. Too Close

    Researchers found that infants born to women who conceived


    less than six months after giving birth had a 40% increased risk
    for being born prematurely and a 61% increased risk of low birth
    weight, compared with infants born to mothers who waited 18
    months to two years between pregnancies. Babies whose mothers
    had their previous child at least five years earlier had a 20% to
    43% greater risk for being born prematurely, having a low birth
    weight, or being small for their gestational age.

    Although timing may not be everything, the analysis suggests


    that better pregnancypregnancy spacing could have a dramatic
    impact on neonatal complications and deaths.
    https://www.webmd.com/baby/news/20060418/pregnancy-
    spacing-affects-outcome

    E. Too ill

    - Flu is an infectious viral illness spread by coughs and sneezes. It's


    not the same as a cold. Flu is caused by a different group of
    viruses. Symptoms tend to be more severe and last longer.
    - You can catch flu — short for influenza — all year round, but it
    is especially common in winter.
    - If you are pregnant and think you have the flu, see your doctor as
    soon as possible. It is recommended that pregnant women who
    have the flu are treated with antiviral medicines because they are
    at much higher risk of complications. Antiviral medicines work
    best when started within 48 hours of symptoms starting.
    - Antivirals will not cure flu, but they will help to:
    - reduce the length of time you are ill by around one day
    - relieve some of the symptoms
    - reduce the potential for serious complications
    https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/features/kf-maternal-
    cold-birth-defects-during-pregnancy.html

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