GMI German-Malaysian Institute

D I P L O M A P R O G R A M M E

PRACTICAL TEST 1
Academic Period: January 2023

Code NTC 1123 Course Name NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

Title CREATING ETHERNET CROSS OVER Examiner FARAZILAWATI BAIZURA MOHD POOAD
CABLE

Name SYED MUHAMMAD BIN SYED Program/ NETWORK SECURITY /

(Individual ZAHIRUDDIN Group DNWS 3
/group) NWS 22070562

Level Full
No Assessment Criteria CLO PO Score Marks Comment
of Diff Marks

1. Part 1 – Documentation

Introduction C1 1 P1 10
List of tools (Image and
C1 1 P1 10
function)
Function of Cross- over
C1 1 P1 10
cable
Step creating of cable C1 1 P1 10

Sequence color coded C1 1 P1 10

Differences between 2
C1 1 P1 10
cables
Color conducted in UTP
C1 1 P1 10
Cable
Conclusion C1 1 P1 10

Reference C1 1 P1 5

2. Part 2- Submission
Punctuality of
C1 1 P1 5
submission
3. Formatting of report C1 1 P1 10

Total 100
Total Marks
Total PO 1

Signature FARAZILAWATI BAIZURA MOHD POOAD

 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

GENERAL NOTE
Please make a note the following:
● DO NOT COPY entire contents from the internet.
o You can copy small contents and acknowledge the source.
o In most cases, you should study the contents and then write your own
understanding.
● DO NOT POST your assignments or any of the assignment question ONLINE
(externally) to seek help. This is unethical and leads to unwanted plagiarism
scenarios.
● Always reference or acknowledge every source that has been used in the README
or in
the report.
● If the assignment is done in a group, make sure:
o README file contains details for both of you. And brief description
of your tasks.
o ONL Y 1 of you should submit the assignment.

REFERENCING
Referencing is a very important aspect of theoretical writing. Always reference
someone else’ s work. Use APA style of referencing.
Email TTO ([email protected]) for extension related issues.

Page 2 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.
 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

INTRODUCTION OF CROSSOVER CABLE

In the 1990s and 2000s, information technology (IT) workers frequently used crossover cables
because the prevalent Ethernet standards did not permit direct cable connections between
hosts.

A network cable known as an Ethernet crossover is used to link two Ethernet network devices
directly, such as two PCs, without the use of a switch or router. By facilitating intricate data
transfers between computers, routers, and networks, they are utilised to send and receive data.
Except for the fact that their pairs of wires cross one another, Ethernet crossover cables are
comparable to straight-through connections. The incoming and outgoing signals are switched
around in their internal wiring. It makes advantage of a design that enables direct connections
between the data input pins on one end of the cable and the data output pins on one end of the
cable.

Both the original and Fast Ethernet standards were designed to use specific wires to transmit
and receive signals. These standards required the two endpoints to communicate through an
intermediate device to avoid conflicts caused by using the same wires for both transmit and
receive.

A feature of Ethernet called MDI-X provides the necessary auto-detection support to prevent
these signal conflicts. It allows the Ethernet interface to automatically determine which
signaling convention the device on the other end of the cable uses and negotiates the transmit
and receive wires accordingly. Only one end of a connection needs to support auto-detection
for this feature to work.

Even older types of home broadband routers typically included MDI-X capability on their Ethernet
interfaces. MDI-X was also adopted as a standard by gigabit Ethernet.

Crossover cables are needed only when connecting two Ethernet client devices, neither of
which is configured for Gigabit Ethernet. Modern Ethernet devices automatically detect the use
of crossover cables and work with them seamlessly.

Page 3 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.
 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

LIST OF TOOLS FOR CROSSOVER CABLE

1. Ethernet cabling. CAT5e is certified for gigabit support, but CAT5 cabling works as well, just
over shorter distances.
Functions:

2. A crimping tool.
Functions: This is an all-in-one networking tool shaped to push down the pins in the plug and
strip and cut the shielding off the cables.

Page 4 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.
 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

3. Two RJ45 plugs.

Functions: commonly used to connect computers onto Ethernet-based local area networks
(LAN).

Two wiring schemes–T568A and T568B–are used to terminate the twisted-pair cable onto the
connector interface.

4. Wire Stripper.
Functions: To remove the protective shield from Rj45 connectors.

Page 5 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.
 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

5. Strain Relief Boots Cable Connector Plug Covers for CAT5

Functions: the plug boot can prevent the connector clip from flipping up or even breaking off
from the cable.

FUNCTION OF CROSSOVER CABLE

The crossover wiring model involves a special wiring system for direct networking. It allows you
to conjoin two intermediate devices without a switch or router in between.

It's almost exactly like a straight cable, only that some wires intersect at a point. Such as two
computers without a switch or router in between. They are used to send and receive data by
enabling complex data transfers between computers, routers, and networks.

The data output pins on connector A are bonded with the data input pins on connector B so that
signals received can be transmitted back without hassle.

The principle is the same, but the connection speeds and methods are different. The crossover
cable’s function is to send and receive data. Crossover cable allows data to be sent and received
on both ends.

Page 6 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.
 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

STEP TO CREATE THE CROSS OVER CABLE

1. To start construction of the device, begin by threading shields onto the cable.

2. Next, strip approximately 1.5 cm of cable shielding from both ends. The crimping tool has a
round area to complete this task.

3. After, you will need to untangle the wires; there should be four “twisted pairs.” Referencing
back to the sheet, arrange them from top to bottom. One end should be in arrangement A and
the other in B.

4. Once the order is correct, bunch them together in a line, and if there are any that stick out
farther than others, snip them back to create an even level. The difficult aspect is placing
these into the RJ45 plug without messing up the order. To do so, hold the plug with the clip
side facing away from you and have the gold pins facing toward you.

5. Next, push the cable right in. The notch at the end of the plug needs to be just over the cable
shielding.

6. After the wires are securely sitting inside the plug, insert it into the crimping tool and push
down.

7. Lastly, repeat for the other end but using diagram B instead.

Page 7 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.
 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

PROPER SEQUENCE OF COLOUR CODED WIRES IN CROSSOVER CABLE

Page 8 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.
 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CROSSOVER AND STRAIGHT THROUGH CABLE.

STRAIGHT THROUGH CABLE.

Straight-through cable is a variety of CAT5 with identically configured RJ-45 connections at

each end. Either the T568A or T568B standards are followed. For consistency, it uses the
same colour scheme over the entire LAN. In LAN, this kind of twisted-pair cable is used to link
computers and network hubs like routers. It belongs to the most prevalent categories of
network cable.

CROSSOVER CABLE.

A crossover cable is a form of CAT 5 cable with one end configured in T568A and the other in
T568BC. Pin 1 crosses Pin 3 in this sort of cable connection, while Pin 2 crosses Pin 6.

CROSSOVER CABLE VS STRAIGHT THROUGH CABLE

(Crossover)

A Crossover cable is a type of CAT where one end is T568A configuration, and the other
end as T568B Configuration.

(Straight through)

Straight-through cable is a type of CAT5 with RJ-45 connectors at each end, and each
has the same pin out.

(Crossover)

It is used only for certain applications.

Page 9 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.
 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

(Straight through)

It is one of the most commonly used cable formats for network cables.

(Crossover)

You can connect it to a router’s LAN port to a switch or hub’s regular port

(Straight through)

You can also connect it to the router’s LAN port to a switch/hub’s uplink port.

(Crossover)

Crossover cable connects with a router’s LAN port with switch/hub normal port.

(Straight through)

Straight through cable connects a computer with a cable or DSL modem’s LAN port.
(Crossover)
You can connect two switches/hubs by using the normal port in both switches/hubs.

(Straight through)

It helps you connect a router’s WAN port to a cable or DSL modem’s LAN port.
(Crossover)
Crossover cables are mostly used for connecting like devices.

(Straight through)

While Straight-through cables are mainly used for connecting, unlike device

Page 10 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.
 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

COLOUR CONDUCTED UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP) CABLE.

There are 4 twisted pairs with four different colored wires. Each colored wire is twisted with white
wire with a strip of same color on it. For example, an Orange color twisted pair would a one wire
of Orange color and one of while color with a strip of orange color on it.

UTP cable, each pair is represented by a specific color. Pair 1 is Blue, Pair 2 is Orange, Pair 3 is
Green, and Pair 4 is Brown. In each pair, one wire is a solid color, and the other is predominantly
white with a color stripe.

Each pair has two conductors. One wire of the pair is assigned the pair color with a white stripe
and the other wire is assigned the color white with the pair color stripe. The table below lists the
pair and color code for a four-pair UTP cable.

Page 11 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.
 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

Stranded Conductor UTP Cable;

Stranded-conductor Patch cables frequently used in work areas or telecommunication rooms are
UTP cables. Those are the Category-type cables that we work with most frequently on a direct
basis.

Each individual conductor in a stranded cable is made up of a bundle of thinner-gauge wire

strands that are twisted together into pairs. They are set up so that a group of wires (often 6 or
18) encircle a single wire in the middle of the bundle.

Page 12 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.
 NTC1123 NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, a crossover cable is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect two computers
together without needing a hub or switch. It is often used to connect two computers directly for
file sharing, gaming, or other applications. Crossover cables are relatively inexpensive and easy
to use, making them a great solution for individuals and small businesses that need to connect
two computers together.

REFERENCES

Jamie (2020). cat 6 crossover cable [Recorded by callagher]. new york city, NYC, united states of america.

Korszun, J. (2017, october 12). Electronic Product. Retrieved from Electronic Products:
https://www.electronicproducts.com/how-to-create-your-own-ethernet-cross-over-cable/

Mavis. (2014, febuary saturday). FOSCO. Retrieved from www.fiberoptics4sale.com:

https://www.fiberoptics4sale.com/blogs/archive-posts/95046918-what-is-unshielded-twisted-pair-utp-
cable#%3A~%3Atext%3DIn%20UTP%20cable%2C%20each%20pair%2Cwhite%20with%20a%20color%20
stripe

Page 13 of 4
Copyright of German-Malaysian Institute. All rights reserved.