SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

MODULE - 5

MODULE TITLE: System of Linear Equation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After finishing this module, you are expected to:

1. Solve easily the systems of equations by graphing.

2. Solving systems of equation by substitution.
3. Able to add and subtract equations by combining like terms.
4. Solve systems of equations by addition or elimination.
5. Express the solution of a system of dependent equations.
6. Identify inconsistent systems of equations containing two variables.

TOPICS:
1. Definition of System in Linear Equation
2. Three types of Linear System
3. Ordered Pair Solution
4. Solving System of Equations by Graphing
5. Solving System of Equations by Substitution
6. Solving System of Equations by Addition/Elimination

WARM UP:
A. Give three things that you expect you will learn in this module.
1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________

B. Pre-Test: Answer the following:

1. Solve the system of equations by graphing
y=x+2
y = 3x – 2
2. Solve the system of equations by substitution
y = -x – 6
y=x–4
3. Solve the system of equations by elimination
4x + 3y = -5
-2x + 2y = 6

OVERVIEW/INTRODUCTION:

In mathematics concept, a system of linear equations is a collection indicated one or more

linear equations involving the same set of variables. The system of three equations in the
three variables x, y, z. It is the basis and a fundamental part of linear algebra. Solution of
linear equation is an assignment of values to the variables such that all the equations are
simultaneously satisfied.
 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

LESSON PROPER:

System of Linear Equation

A linear equation is an equation for a line. A System of Linear Equations is when

we have two or more linear equations working together. In two variables (x and y), the
graph of a system of two equations is a pair of lines in the plane.

Many Variables
So a System of Equations could have many equations and many variables.

Example: 2x + y -2z = 3

x–y–z=0

x + y + 3z = 12

There can be any combination:

 2 equations in 3 variables
 6 equations in 4 variables
 9,000 equations in 567 variables

Three Types of Linear System

 Inconsistent System – has no solution or it is the lines intersect at zero points.
(The lines are parallel)
 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

 Independent System – has exactly one solution pair (x, y) and the lines intersect at
exactly one point. (Most cases)

 Dependent System - the lines intersect at infinitely many points. (the two
equations represent the same line)

How to: Given a system of linear equations and an ordered pair, determine whether
the ordered pair is a solution.
1. Substitute the ordered pair into each equation in the system.
2. Determine whether true statements result from the substitution in both
equations; if so the ordered pair is a solution.

Example:
Determine whether the ordered pair (5, 1) is a solution to the given system of
equations.
 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

x + 3y = 8
2x + 9 = y
Solution:
Substitute the ordered pair (5, 1) into both equations.
(5) + 3(1) = 8
8=8 TRUE
2(5) + 9 = (1)
1=1 TRUE
Therefore, the ordered pair (5, 1) satisfies both equations, so it is the solution to
the system.

Solving System of Equations by Graphing

There are multiple methods of solving systems of linear equations. For a system
of linear equations in two variables, we can determine both the type of system and the
solution by graphing the system of equations on the same set of axes.

Example: SOLVING A SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Solve the following system of equations by graphing. Identify the type of system.
2x + y = - 8
x–y=-1
Solution:
Solve the first equation for y.
2x + y = - 8
y = - 8 -2x
Solve the second equation for y.
x–y=-1
y=x+1

Graph both equations on the same set of axes:

The lines appear to intersect at the point (-3, -2). We can check to make sure that this is
the solution to the system by substituting the ordered pair into both equations.
2(-3) + (-2) = - 8
-8 = -8 TRUE
(-3) – (-2) = - 1
-1 = -1 TRUE
 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

The solution to the system is the ordered pair (-3, -2), so the system is
independent.
Solving System of Equations by Substitution

One such method is solving a system of equation by the substitution method, in

which we solve one of the equations for one variable and then substitute the result into
the second equation to solve the second variable.

Steps in using Substitution Method

1. Solve one of the two equations for one of the variables in terms of the other.
2. Substitute the expression for this variable into the second equation, then solve
for the remaining variable.
3. Substitute that solution into either of the original equations to find the value of
the first variable. If possible, write the solution as an ordered pair.
4. Check the solution in both equations.

Example: SOLVING A SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Solve the following system of equations by substitution.
-x + y = -5
2x -5y = 1
Solution:
First, solve the first equation for y:
-x + y = -5
y=x–5
then, substitute the expression x -5 for y in the second equation
2x – 5y = 1
2x – 5(x-5) = 1
2x – 5x + 25 = 1
-3x = 1-25
-3x = -24
− 3𝑥 − 24
=
−3 −3
x=8
substitute x = 8 into the first equation and solve for y.
-x + y = -5
-(8) + y = -5
y = -5 +8
y=3
Our solution is (8, 3)
Check the solution by substituting (8, 3) into both equations.
-x + y = -5
-(8) + 3 = - 5
-5 = -5 TRUE
2x – 5y = 1
2(8) - 5(3) = 1
1 =1 TRUE
 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

Solving System of Equations by Addition/Elimination Method

A third method of solving systems of linear equations is the addition method, this
method is also called Elimination Method. We can add two terms with the same
variable, but opposite coefficients, so that the sum is zero.

Steps in using Addition/Elimination Method:

1. Write both equations with x- and y-variables on the left side of the equal sign and
constants on the right.
2. Write one equation above the other, lining up corresponding variables. If one of
the variables in the top equation has the opposite coefficient of the same
variable in the bottom equation, add the equations together, eliminating one
variable. If not, use multiplication by a nonzero number so that one of the
variables in the top equation has the opposite coefficient of the same variable in
the bottom equation, then add the equations to eliminate the variable.
3. Solve the resulting equation for the remaining variable.
4. Substitute that value into one of the original equations and solve for the second
variable.
5. Check the solution by substituting the values into the other equation.

Example: SOLVING A SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Solve the given system of equations by addition.
x + 2y = -1
-x + y = 3

Solution:
Both equations are already set equal to a constant. Notice that the coefficient of
x in the second equation, -1 is the opposite of the coefficient of x in the first equation, 1.
We can add the two equations to eliminate x without needing to multiply by a constant.
x + 2y = -1
-x + y = 3
3y = 2
Now, we have eliminated x, we can solve the resulting equation for y.
3y = 2
𝟐
y=
𝟑
Then substitute this value of y into one of the original equations and solve for x.
-x + y = 3
2
-x + = 3
3
2
-x = 3 -
3
7
-x = 3
𝟕
x=−
𝟑
7 2
The solution to this system is (− , )
3 3
Check the solution in the first equation.
x + 2y = -1
 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

7 2
− 3 + 2(3) = -1
7 4
− 3 + 3 = -1
3
− 3 = -1
-1 = -1 TRUE

EXAMPLE: USING THE ADDITION METHOD WHEN MULTIPLICATION OF ONE EQUATION

IS REQUIRED.
Solve the given system of equations by the addition method.
3x + 5y = -11
x – 2y = 11
Solution:
Adding these equations as presented will not eliminate a variable. However, we
see that the first equation has 3x in it and the second equation has x. So if we multiply
the second equation by -3, the x-terms will add to zero.
x – 2y = 11
-3(x – 2y) = 11(-3) Multiply both sides by -3
-3x + 6y = -33
Let’s add them
3x + 5y = -11
-3x + 6y = -33
11y = -44
y = -4
then, we substitute y = -4 into one of the original equations and solve for x.
3x + 5y = -11
3x + 5(-4) = -11
3x – 20 = -11
3x = -11 + 20
3x = 9
x=3
Our solution is the ordered pair (3, -4). Check the solution in the original second
equation.
x – 2y = 11
3 – 2 (-4) = 11
3+8 = 11 TRUE

EXAMPLE: USING THE ADDITION METHOD WHEN MULTIPLICATION OF BOTH

EQUATIONS IS REQUIRED
Solve the given system of equations in two variables by addition.
2x + 3y = -16
5x – 10y = 30
Solution:
One equation has 2x and the other has 5x. The least common multiple is 10x so
we will have to multiply both equations by a constant in order to eliminate one variable.
Let’s eliminate x by multiplying the first equation by -5 and the second equation by 2.
-5 (2x + 3y) = -5 (-16)
-10x – 15y = 80
 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

2 (5x – 10y) = 2(30)

10x – 20y = 60
Then, add the two equations together
-10x – 15y = 80
10x – 20y = 60
-35y = 140
y = -4
Substitute y = -4 into the original first equation.
2x + 3(-4) = -16
2x -12 = -16
2x = -16 + 12
2x = -4
x = -2
The solution is (-2, -4). Check it in other equation.
5x – 10y = 30
5(-2) – 10(-4) = 30
-10 + 40 = 30
30 = 30 TRUE
EXAMPLE: USING THE ADDITION METHOD IN SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS CONTAINING
FRACTIONS
Solve the given system of equations in two variables by addition.
𝒙 𝒚
+ =3
𝟑 𝟔
𝒙 𝒚
- = 1
𝟐 𝟒
Solution:
Clear each equation of fractions by multiplying both sides of the equation by the
least common denominator.
𝑥 𝑦
6( + )= 6(3)
3 6
2x + y = 18 ------------------- eq.1

𝑥 𝑦
4( - )= 4(1)
2 4
2x –y = 4 --------------------- eq. 2
Now, multiply the second equation by -1 so that we can eliminate x
-1(2x – y) = -1(4)
-2x + y = -4
Add the two equations to eliminate x and solve for y.
2x + y = 18
-2x + y = -4
2y = 14
y=7
substitute y = 7 into first equation
2x + (7) = 18
2x = 18 -7
2x = 11
𝟏𝟏
x=
𝟐
11
The solution is ( , 7), check it in the other equation.
2
 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

𝑥 𝑦
- =1
2 4
11
2 7
- =1
2 4
11 7
- =1
4 4
4
=1 TRUE
4

Example: SOLVING A SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS IN THREE VARIABLES USING

ELIMINATION
Solve the given system of equations in three variables by addition/elimination.
7x + 5y – 3z = 16
3x – 5y + 2z = -8
5x + 3y – 7z = 0
Step 1: Decide which variable you will eliminate. It makes no difference which one you
choose. Let us eliminate y first.
7x + 5y – 3z = 16 ---------------- eq. 1
3x – 5y + 2z = -8 ----------------- eq. 2
5x + 3y – 7z = 0 ------------------ eq. 3
Step 2: Add equation (1) to equation (2) to form equation (4). Add 3 times equation (2)
to 5 times equation (3) to form equation (5).
(Equation 1) + (Equation 2) = (Equation 4)
3 (Equation 2) + 5 (Equation 3) = (Equation 5)

7x + 5y – 3z = 16 ---------------- eq. 1
+ 3x – 5y + 2z = -8 ----------------- eq. 2
10x - z = 8 ----------------- eq. 4

3 (3x – 5y + 2z = -8) ----------------- eq. 2

9x – 15y + 6z = -24

5 (5x + 3y – 7z = 0) ------------------ eq. 3

25x + 15y – 35z = 0

9x – 15y + 6z = -24
+ 25x + 15y – 35z = 0
34x - 29z = -24 --------------- eq. 5
Step 3: We now have two equations with two variables.
10x - z = 8 ----------------- eq. 4
34x - 29z = -24 --------------- eq. 5
Step 4: Multiply both sides of equation (4) by -29 and add the transformed equation (4)
to equation (5) to get the one variable.
-29 (10x - z = 8) ----------------- eq. 4
-290x + 29z = - 232
+ 34x - 29z = -24 --------------- eq. 5
-256x = -256
−256
x =
−256
x=1
 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

Step 5: Substitute 1 for x in equation 5 and solve for z

34x - 29z = -24 --------------- eq. 5
34(1) – 29z = -24
-29z = -24-34
-29z = -58
z=2
Step 6: Substitute 1 for x and 2 for z in equation (1) and solve for y
7x + 5y – 3z = 16 ---------------- eq. 1
7(1) + 5y – 3(2) = 16
7 + 5y – 6 = 16
5y = 16 + 6 -7
5y = 15
y=3
The solution is: x = 1, y = 3 and z = 2

PERFORMANCE TASK:
 Familiarized the concept of Systems in Linear Equation
 Understand the principles of graphing, substitution and elimination of
linear equation
 Analyze the equation for solving the variable.

TARGET SKILLS:
 Solving Mathematical variable, equation and graph
 Identifying the possibilities of linear equation
 Simplifying the linear equation in two or more variables

LEARNING ACTIVITIES
 Participate in discussion forum thru zoom meeting
 Read the entire content of Module
 Working through sample problems
 Collaborative online learning
ASSESSMENT TASK
 Quizzes
 Worksheet
References:

 www.mathcentre.ac.uk
 Courses.lumenlearning.com