PHILIPPINE VS.

CANADA
POLICING
 A.NAME OF POLICING BODY
PHILIPPINES The Philippine National Police - originated from the Philippine
Constabulary or the PC, which was inaugurated on August 8, 1901, establishing it as an
insular police force under the American regime.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police - Canada has three levels of police services: municipal,
provincial, and federal. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Canada’s national police force, is unique
in the world as a combined international, federal, provincial and municipal policing body.
 B. Brief history of policing in the country
PHILIPPINES
• On August 8, 1975, Presidential Decree no.765 was issued, establishing the Philippine Constabulary Integrated
National Police or the PC/INP as the country’s national police force. These fragmented and diverse local police
units were integrated into a national police force with the Philippine Constabulary as its nucleus.
• Republic Act No. 6975, titled "An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police under a Reorganized Department
of the Interior and Local government (DILG)," was signed into law on December 13, 1990, and went into effect
on January 1, 1991. This was in response to the new Constitution that was adopted following the People's
Revolution in 1986, which called for a police force that is "national in scope and civilian in character." The PNP
then became operational on January 29, 1991, with members drawn from the former PC and INP as well as
carefully chosen personnel from the country's most important service branches, including the Philippine Air Force
Security Command, Philippine Coast Guard, Philippine Navy, and Philippi

CANADA
• The evolution of policing in Canada began with the formation of municipal police forces, followed by the establishment of
provincial forces to enforce Federal law after confederation, with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police then acting as a
Federal force and often contracting to police Provinces and cities.
• In Toronto, the first police department in Canada was established in 1834. A full-time high constable with the power to
choose and appoint special constables was appointed. As the need increased, additional cities adopted a similar path.
Canada became a nation in 1867 after the majority of its provinces joined together in confederation. Criminal lawmaking
was delegated to the Federal Government, while provinces were given control over their enforcement. In turn, provinces
have given municipalities and localities the power to oversee law enforcement in their own areas. Rural areas are protected
by provincial police forces. For the purpose of policing the Northwest Territories, a federal law established the Northwest
Mounted Police in 1873. In 1904, it changed its name to the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNMP). The Canadian
provinces of Saskatchewan andAfter Alberta was established, the federal government agreed to let the RNMP perform the
functions of the provincial police under a contract. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police was created when the Federal
Government expanded the RNMP's jurisdiction to include the entire country of Canada in 1920. (RCMP). By 1950, all
provinces had agreements with the RCMP to serve as their provincial police, with the exception of Ontario and Quebec. The
RCMP serves as Canada's customs and excise officers in addition to exercising peace officer duties. Private investigation
firms and security services are available, and many private businesses and organizations have their own police and security
teams. Eight recommendations for additional
 C. Current chief of police
PHILIPPINES

Chief Rodolfo Azurin Jr. - An Ilocano police general, Azurin is 28th PNP chief since 1991 and the first police
chief of Marcos Jr. A graduate of Philippine Military Academy, Azurin is currently the commander of the Northern
Luzon Police Area composed of the regions of Ilocos (Region 1), Cagayan Valley (Region 2), Central Luzon
(Region

CANADA

Chief Danny Smyth - has been a member of the Winnipeg Police Service for 30 years. He is a second generation
police officer, following his father Stan into policing in 1986. Chief Smyth was born and raised in Winnipeg where he
resides with his wife Cynthia and their two children
 D. Police organizational structure
PHILIPPINES
 D. Police organizational structure

CANADA
 E.POLICE RANKS AND POSITION

CANADA PHILIPPINES
 F. Recruitment and Selection Process of the Police
•
Be a Canadian citizen or a permanent
Canada resident of Canada.
Being a police officer comes with great responsibility, authority, and trust. • Be proficient in the English and/or
Therefore strict standards are upheld in the selection process to ensure only French languages
the right candidates are hired. This process typically includes:
• Have a Canadian high school diploma
• A written exam or equivalent
• Physical exams
• A psychological exam • Be in good health
• Medical exams
• A polygraph exam • Meet the vision standards
• A background investigation
Prior to the application process, potential candidates need to meet the • Meet the hearing standards
minimum requirements. The following list of application requirements
applies to most police agencies in Canada: • Meet the necessary level of physical
abilities

• Have good character

• Have no criminal convictions and no

criminal charges pending
 F. Recruitment and Selection Process of the
Police PHILIPPINES
• A citizen of the Philippines
• A person of good moral character
• Must have passed the Physical Agility Test, Neuro-Psychological Examination, General Physical and Dental Examination as
well as Drug Test to be administered by the PNP for the purpose of determining physical and mental health
• Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of learning
• Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by NAPOLCOM
• Must have not been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed for cause from any civilian position in
the government
• Must have not been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime involving moral turpitude
• Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m.) in height for male and one meter and fifty-seven
centimeters (1.57 m.) for female
• Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5 kgs.) from the standard weight corresponding to his or her height, age,
and sex; and
• Must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of age upon take oath. ntrance Exam (NAPOLCOM &
CSC)
 G. POLICE BENEFITS
PHILIPPINES CANADA
These are other benefits received by PNP uniformed
personnel other than the regular and collateral Being an RCMP police officer grants you access to a world of
allowances. opportunity, adventure and growth. The benefits, both in terms of
salary and private life, are considerable.When you successfully
• Hospital Subsistence Allowance. complete the Cadet Training Program and have been offered
employment, you will be hired as a Constable at an annual salary of
• CDC Subsistence Allowance $63,210. Usually, within 36 months of service, your annual salary will
have increased incrementally to $102,418.
• Training Subsistence m.

• Combat Duty Pay.

• Combat Incentive Pay.

• Hazardous Duty Pay.

• Radiation Hazard Pay.

• Incentive Pay.
 H.Challenges encountered by the police
PHILIPPINES
1. The drug trade A campaign that Dela Rosa spread nationwide from Davao City, Oplan Double Barrel has drawn both
unwavering support and fierce criticism. Under Albayalde, the controversial anti-drug campaign stays.

2. Erring cops Law-breaking policemen have been major headaches for the PNP. Dela Rosa considers as the lowest points of his
term the Camp Crame slay of South Korean Jee Ick Joo, and Senate drug campaign hearings that reduced him to tears twice.
 H. Challenges encountered by the police

3. The SAF allowances mess A multimillion-peso controversy welcomed Albayalde as he took over the PNP. Dela Rosa’s
former Special Action Force (SAF) chief Benjamin Lusad and his officers were accused of keeping P59.8 million worth of
allowances meant for ground troopers

4. Terrorism & insurgency Marawi City in Mindanao is still reeling from the 2017 siege, and authorities have warned that
similar terror threats could hit other parts of the island region. The communist New People’s Army (NPA), meanwhile,
continues to maintain its strongholds in Eastern Mindanao amid the stalled peace talks.

5. Politics in the new post It’s not my cup of tea,” Albayalde once said, referring to politics. It will, however, inevitably crop
up now that he’s the top cop. The minute it was announced that Albayalde would be the next PNP chief, observers
wondered: What would happen to the PNP’s top officials? Who would more likely be promoted now? When Dela Rosa – who
was then deemed young – was promoted to PNP chief, he understandably brought his classmates from the Philippine
Military Academy (PMA) Sinagtala Class of 1986 to take hold of key positions. One of them was Albayalde.
 H. Challenges encountered by the police
CANADA
1.Systemic anti-Black racism Local protests are increasingly calling for the defunding of the
police, citing a failure to keep Black communities safe. They have focused on the recent deaths
of Regis Korchinski-Paquet in Toronto and D’Andre Campbell in Brampton, both following 911
calls. The new police chief will have to address systemic anti-Black racism in policing, including
how police respond to mental health crises involving Black individuals, higher rate that force is
used against Black people atnd the legacy of carding.

2. The coming budget battle There has always been debate around cutting the ballooning
budget for policing, but the discussion will be even more fraught in the coming months as the
police service aims to hire more officers and as two city councillors move to slash 10 per cent
from the $1.22 billion budget.

3. Shooting and gang violence All levels of government have promised money and action to
fight gun crime in Toronto and the police chief will likely have significant influence over how that
money is spent. In response to two years of record highs for shootings in Toronto, Saunders’
strategy involved increasing officer presence in key areas and increasing resources for
“intelligence-led” guns and gangs units.
 H. Challenges encountered by the police

4. Relationship with the LGBTQ Community The relationship between the Toronto police and the city’s LGBTQ
community was seriously damaged during Saunders’ tenure, said Shakir Rahim, former Vice-Chair of the Alliance for
South Asian AIDS Prevention (ASAAP).

5. The Modernization Plan A key part of Saunders’ tenure was a multi-faceted modernization plan that aimed to
prioritize crime prevention work, change police culture, decrease the number of police officers and reduce costs. The
suite of reforms were far from sweeping, but still prompted some internal backlash from the force. It’s unclear if the
transformation plans will continue under new leadership — some goals are already murky amid a current push for
more officers and funding for new technology such as body cameras.
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