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    College of Crimininal Justice Education: Prepared By: Instructor

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    Katherine Marie Berou
    This document summarizes the evolution of the Philippine policing system from the Spanish period to present. It discusses the various police organizations established during the Spanish, American, post-American, martial law, and post-martial law periods. It also lists the key personalities who served as chiefs of the Philippine Constabulary, Integrated National Police, and Philippine National Police.

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    College of Crimininal Justice Education: Prepared By: Instructor

    Uploaded by

    Katherine Marie Berou
    848 views4 pages
    This document summarizes the evolution of the Philippine policing system from the Spanish period to present. It discusses the various police organizations established during the Spanish, American, post-American, martial law, and post-martial law periods. It also lists the key personalities who served as chiefs of the Philippine Constabulary, Integrated National Police, and Philippine National Police.

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    LEA 1 M4 W4

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    This document summarizes the evolution of the Philippine policing system from the Spanish period to present. It discusses the various police organizations established during the Spanish, American, post-American, martial law, and post-martial law periods. It also lists the key personalities who served as chiefs of the Philippine Constabulary, Integrated National Police, and Philippine National Police.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    848 views4 pages

    College of Crimininal Justice Education: Prepared By: Instructor

    Uploaded by

    Katherine Marie Berou
    This document summarizes the evolution of the Philippine policing system from the Spanish period to present. It discusses the various police organizations established during the Spanish, American, post-American, martial law, and post-martial law periods. It also lists the key personalities who served as chiefs of the Philippine Constabulary, Integrated National Police, and Philippine National Police.

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    of 4

    COLLEGE OF CRIMININAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

    LEA 1

    MODULE 4 – WEEK 4

    Prepared by: ALBERT B. GALORA


    Instructor

    Checked by: MARK P. CIANO, MSCRIM


    Dean, Criminology Dept.

    Noted by: DR. TROFIMA M. PANGONILO


    VPAA

    Approved by: JOSSETTE Y. PEREZ-DAES, RN


    President
    POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION
    WITH POLICE PLANNING (LEA 1)
    MODULE 4 - WEEK 4

    EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

    The institution of police in the Philippines formally started during the Spanish period. The
    establishment of the police force was not entirely intended for crime prevention or peacekeeping,
    but it was also created as an extension of the Spanish colonial military establishment.

    1. Spanish Period
    a. Carabineros. It was organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of
    the Department of state. They were armed and considered as the mounted police.

    b. Guadrilleros/Cuadrillo. They were rural police organized in each town and


    established by the Royal Decree on January 18, 1836. This decree provided that 5%
    of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this police
    organization for three years.

    c. Guardia Civil. This was created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on February
    12, 1852 to partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in policing
    towns.

    2. American Period
    The Americans established the United States Philippine Commission headed by General
    Howard Taft as its first governor-general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of
    Manila was organized pursuant to Act No 70 of the Taft Commission. This was the basis for the
    celebration of the anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every 9th of January.

    The following are the highlights during the American Period:


    a. Organic Act No. 175. Vice Governor Luke E. Wright proposed the passage of Organic
    Act No. 175 which recommended the creation of an insular police force. On July 18,
    1901, the proposed ordinance was approved by the Second Philippine Commission.
    On August 8, 1901, the Insular Constabulary was established under the general
    supervision of the Civil Governor for maintaining peace, law and order in all the
    provinces of the Philippines.
    b. Capt. Henry Allen. He was the first Chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901.
    c. Act No. 183. It created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901.
    d. Capt. George Curry. He was the first Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department
    in 1901.
    e. Act No. 255. The act renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary
    enacted on October 3, 1901.
    f. Executive Order 389. It ordered that the Philippine Constabulary be one of the four
    services of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, enacted on December 23, 1940.
    3. Post-American Period
    RA 4864. It is otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1966 which was
    enacted on September 8, 1966. It created the Police Commission (POLCOM) that was renamed
    into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)

    4. Martial Law Period


    PD 765. It is otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8, 1975.
    It established the Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC)
    as the nucleus and the Integrated Local Police Forces as components. The authority of the
    NAPOLCOM over the INP was transferred to the Office of the President and later to the Ministry
    of National Defense.

    5. Post Martial Law Regime


    a. Executive Order No. 1012. It transferred to the city and municipal government the
    operational supervision and direction over all INP units assigned within their locality. It
    took effect on July 10, 1985.
    b. Executive Order No. 1040. It transferred the administrative control and supervision
    of the INP from the Ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commission.
    c. R.A. 157. It created the National Bureau of Investigation on June 19, 1947 and later
    recognized by R.A. 2678.
    d. R.A. 6975. It is otherwise known as the Department of Interior and Local Government
    (DILG) Act of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990. It reorganized the DILG and
    established the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail
    Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College. On January 29,
    1991, the Philippine National Police (PNP) composed of the members of the former
    Philippine Constabulary / Integrated National Police and selected members of
    Philippine Air Force Security Command, Philippine Coast Guard and Philippine Army.
    e. Republic Act No. 8551. It is known as the “PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of
    1998” which was enacted on February 27, 1998 amending certain provisions of
    Republic Act No. 6975 and allowing the reorganization of the PNP to enable to cope
    up and effectively perform its mandate – to enforce the law, prevent and control crimes,
    maintain peace and order and ensure public safety and internal security with the active
    support of the community.
    f. RA 9708. It is the law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the
    minimum educational qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the
    promotion system. It took effect on August 12, 2009.

    PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING

    1. Chiefs of the Philippine Constabulary (PC)


     Brig Gen Henry T. Allen (1901-1909) – First Chief of the Philippine Constabulary
     Brig Gen Harry H. Bandholtz (1909-1913)
     Brig Gen James G. Harbord (1913)
     Brig Gen William C. Rivers (1914)
     Brig Gen Herman Hall (1914-1917)
     Brig Gen Rafael T. Crame (1917-1927) – the first (1st) Filipino Chief of the Philippine
    Constabulary in 1917.
     Brig Gen Charles E. Nathorst (1928-1932)
     Brig Gen Lucien R. Sweet (1932)
     Brig Gen Clarence H. Bowers (1932-1934)
     Brig Gen Basilio J. Valdes (1934-1935)
     Major Gen Jose de los Reyes (1936-1938)
     Brig Gen Guillermo Francisco (1938-1942)
     Brig Gen Federico G. Oboza (1945-1946) – the first Provost Marshal General
     Brig Gen Mariano N Castañeda (1946-1948) – Provost Marshal General, Chief, PC
    (January 1, 1948-December 20, 1948)
     Brig Gen Alberto Ramos (1948-1950)
     Brig Gen Florencio Selga (1950-1955)
     Brig Gen Manuel F. Cabal (1955-1957)
     Brig Gen Pelagio A. Cruz (1958)
     Brig Gen Isagani V. Campo (1958-1961)
     Colonel Nicanor Garcia (1962)
     Brig Gen Dominador Garcia (January 1, 1963)

    2. Chiefs of the Philippine Constabulary/Integrated National Police (PN/INP)


     Brig Gen Nicanor Garcia (September 22, 1963)
     Brig Gen Vicente Yngente (1964)
     Brig Gen Godofredo Mendoza (1964)
     Brig Gen Vicente Yngente (January 18, 1965)
     Brig Gen Flaviano Olivares (1965-1966)
     Brig Gen Segundo Velasco (1966-1967)
     Brig Gen Manuel T. Tan (1967-1968)
     Brig Gen Vicente R. Raval (1968-1970)
     Brig Gen Eduardo Garcia (1970-1972)
     Brig Gen Fidel V. Ramos (1972-1975)

    3. Chiefs of the Philippine National Police (PNP)


     Brig Gen Fidel V Ramos (1975-1986)
     Brig Gen Renato S de Villa (February 28, 1896-1988)
     Brig Gen Ramon E Montaño (1988-1990)
     Brig Gen Cesar P. Nazareno (1990-1991)

    Reference: Law Enforcement Organization and Administration Inter Agency Approach


    2021
    by: PCol Judy S. Lopez
    Pcpl Thomas B. Taynan, Jr.

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