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HYSICS FORMULA SHEET

CHAPTER#01
MEASUREMENTS
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
L = (reading  Single L = (average  Several
absolute uncertainty) Measurement absolute uncertainty) Repeated
Measurement
xi Average Value x Percentage
xavg = error = 100%
n x Uncertainty
x −x
x = max min
2
(a  b) = a + b If the data are to a.b If the data are to
y=
be added or c be multiplied or
subtracted y = a + b + c divided
y a b c
CHAPTER#02
MOTION AND FORCE
d Average Velocity F Acceleration
v = a=
av
t m
v
a=
t
VF = Vi + at Equation of P = mv Momentum
1
S = V t + at2
Motion P = F  t
i
2 m1v1 = m2v2
2aS = V 2 −V 2 mv + m v = m v' + m v'
F i 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
P = 2mE
2E
P=
v
V = v2 + v2 Projectile Motion v2 sin 2 Projectile Motion
x y
R= i
g
F = F2 + F2
x y
1 2
Vix = Vi cos R tan = gt = 4H
2
P.E. = K.E.sin2  P = P2 + P2
x y
Horizontal Distance
x = Vx  t Vix = Vi sin
Vertical Distance PH = Pi cos
1
Y = gt 2
2
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Parabolic Projectile Vertical Projectile Motion

Motion Velocity v = 2gh
Height of a Projectile
V 2 sin2  Time to fall t =
2h
h= i
g
2g
Time of Flight u2
Maximum height h =
2V sin 2g
t= i
g Time taken to read maximum
Range of a Projectile u
height t=
V2 g
R = i sin 2
g Distance Travelled Horizontally
2h
S =u
g
TRICKS
EXPRESSION EXPRESSION EXPRESSION
When the distance is When x and y are two speeds at When Time and Distance both are
constant same distance covered not equal
2xy x+ y T x + T2 x
Average Speed= Average Speed= Average Speed= 1
x+ y 2 T1 + T2
If K.E increase, then If momentum increase, then
what is the momentum what is the K.E.
% in P = 1+ k.E −1 % in K.E. = 1+ %P  -1
2
CHAPTER#03
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
W = F.d = Fd cos Wtotal =  Fi cos  i d i
n
Work done by a Work done by a
i =1
  90o , Positive Work Constant Force Variable Force
  90o , Negative Work

 = 90o ,Work = 0
WAB = −mgh Work done by a W Power
Pav =
gravitational t
Force W
P = Limit
t →0
t
W
P=
t
P = Fv
Click here to solve PMC Physics Topicals
MDCAT
1 Energy Loss in P.E.= Gain in K.E. Interconversion

K.E. = mv2
2 1 of K.E. and
mg(h − h ) = m(v2 − v2 )
P.E. = mgh 1 2 2 1 P.E.
2
Loss in P.E.= Gain in K.E. +
Work done against friction
1
mgh = mv2 + fh
2
CHAPTER#04
CIRCULAR MOTION
S = r Angular Displacement  Angular Velocity
av =
1 rev=360o t

1 rad=57.3o  = Lim
t →0 t
 Angular Acceleration mv2 Centripetal Force
 av = Fc = mac =
t r
 Centripetal Acceleration
 = Lim
t →0 t v2
ac =
r
GM Geostationary Orbits
v=
r
1/3
 GMT 2 
r = 2 
 4 
r = 4.23104 km
CHAPTER#05
OSCILLATIONS
F r = −kx Simple Harmonic x = xo sin wt SHM and Uniform
ur r Motion Circular Motion
v = vo c os wt
F = ma
r k r v =  x2 − x2
a =− x
o
m a = − x 2
Frequency Simple Pendulum

1 F = −mg sin 
f =
T x gx
Angular Frequency
 = , a=-
2 l l
= = 2 f
T
MDCAT
g
=
l
l
T = 2
g
P.E. =
1 Energy Conservation 1  x2  Energy Conservation
kx2 K.E. = kx 2 1−
in SHM o  2  in SHM
o
2 2  xo 
1
Total Energy = kx2
2 o
CHAPTER#06
WAVES
 Transverse Y = y1 + y2 + ......... + yn Principle of
v=
T Periodic Waves Superposition
Waves with Opposite Phase
v= f Y =y1 −y 2
1 Stationary Waves 2l Stationary Waves
l= n =
2 in a Stretched n in Air Columns
String nv
v=
F fn =
m 2l
fn = nf1
1 F
f1 = nv
2l m fn =
4l
2 = l
v Observer A moves towards source Doppler’s Effect
f =  v + uo 
2
l fA = f  
 v 
fn = nf1 Observer B receding from the source
2 v − uo 
 = l
2 f B = f  
n  v 
Doppler Shift Doppler’s Effect Source moving with velocity towards Doppler’s Effect
 us  stationary observer C away from D
 =  v 
  fC = f  
 f  v −u
 s 
 v 
fD = f  
v+u
 s 
MDCAT
CHAPTER#07
LIGHT
d sin = m Young’s Double Slit d sin  =  Diffraction due to a
 1 Experiment d sin  = m narrow slit
d sin = m + 
  m=  (1,2,3,. ... )
 2
mth Fringe ab = d sin Diffraction Grating
L
y=m ab = 
d d sin = n
(m+1) th Fringe
1 L n = 0 1 2  3 etc
y =  m + 
 2 d
CHAPTER#08
HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
Nm Kinetic Theory of Gases Interpretation of Kinetic Theory of
PV =  v2 
Temperature Gases
3
Pressure of Gas PV = nRT
P=
2N 1 2
 mv  PV = NkT
3V 2 R
k=
NA
k = 1.3810−23 JK−1
2 1
T =  mv2 
3k 2
CHAPTER#09
ELECTROSTATICS
F=K
q1q2 Coulomb’s E=
F Electric Field Intensity
r 2 Law q
1 1 q
K= E=
4o 4 o r 2
1 q1q2 1 q
F= Emed =
4o r 2 4  r 2
o r
m
 = v
E=
r
o r
1 q1q2 
F= E=
4o r r2 or
Fvac q
Fmed = E=
r Ao
MDCAT
F r2 Q Capacitance of parallel
C=
F2 = r12
1 2
V plate capacitor
Ao
Cvac =
2
F= q d
Ao
A 
q Cmed = o r
F= d
o Cmed
r =
Cvac
1 Energy Stored W Electric Potential Difference
F= qV V =
2 in a Capacitor
qo
1
E= CV 2 V = Ed
2 q
CV 2 V =k
F= r
2d qd
v=
q2 A o
F=
2d
1 or
E= (Ed 2 )
2 d
1 Electron Volt
ev = mv2
2
K.E = qV
CHAPTER#10
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Q Electric Current V =
1 Drift Velocity
I=
t d
neA
Q = ne V =
1
d
ne RneA
I=
r
v H = t 2 RT Heating Effect
I=
2 r H = Pt
I = nAeVd
MDCAT
Req = R1 + R2 + .... Series Combination 1 1

= +
1
+
Parallel Combination
............ + Rn Req R1 R2
Req = nR 1
............ +
Rx Vt Rn
Vx = R
Req R =
eq
1 1 1 n
= + + ..... R = n2R
eq eq
Ps P1 P2
1 Pn = nP
................... +
Pn H p = nH
R1R2 For Parallel

Req=
R1 + R2 Combination of Two
R2 Resistors
I1 =
R +R
R 1 2
R =
' When Resistor is cut
into n-equal parts R1
n2 I2 =
R +R
1 2
CHAPTER#11
ELECTROMAGNETISM
F = ILB sin Force on a Current  = B.A Magnetic Flux and
Carrying Conductor  = BA cos Flux Density
F
B= m
qv

B=
A
T1 x + T2 x Ampere’s Law B = onI Field due to a

Average Speed=
T1 + T2 N Current Carrying
B= I Solenoid
o
L
B = or nI
 = or
Q = nALq Force on a Moving e V Determination of e

=
I = nAqv Charge in Magnetic m Br m
Field P = mv = qBr of an Electron
F = I (L  B)
F = nAqv(L  B) f =
eB
F = qvB sin 2 m
MDCAT
E e qB
V= Determination of =
B m m
of an Electron 1
v=
2ev ev = mv2
m 2
P = 2mE
1
E= (qBr)2
2m
2mE
r=
Be
CHAPTER#12
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
V =  = IR Induced Emf V Faradays’ Law
 = −N
 and Induced Vt and Induced Emf
I=
Current VB.A
R  = −N
Peak to Peak Value Vt
Vp − p = 2VP VBAsin
 = −N
Vt
N  = LI Self-Induction
F = qvB sin  Motional Emf I
 = −L
E = − vBl sin  L
t
W = q L Energy Stored V = Vo sin wt Alternating

I in an Inductor
V = Vo sin 2 ft
Current
 =L and Voltage
L
t 2
V = V sin t
1 2 o
W = LI T
2 I = Io sin
 = onIA I = Io sin wt
L =  n2 Al
o Vrms = 0.7Vo
B = onI Irms = 0.7Io
1
U = LI 2
m
2 Vs Ns Transformer
=
1 B2 Vp N p
Um = ( Al)
2 o V p I p = V s Is
1 B2 Vs Ip
um = =
2 o Vp Is
Output Power
= 100
Input Power
MDCAT
CHAPTER#13
PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
 =
F Stress l Strain
=
A l
 Elastic V
E= Volumetric Strain =
 Constants
Vo
Unit is Nm−2 or Pa a
= = tan
a
F/A Young’s F/A Shear Modulus
Y = K=
l / l Modulus V / V
F/A Bulk Modulus 1 Strain Energy
G= U= Fi
tan  2
1
1 U= mgi
U =   Strain Energy 2
o
2 Density 1
1 2 U= kx2
U =  2
o
2 1
U = l F
1 1
2
1  EA l 2 
U=  1

2 L 
CHAPTER#14
ELECTRONICS
Vo OP-AMP fout = 2 fin Rectification
AoL =
V+ −V − T
T =
R2 out
2
Inverting Amplifier=G=-
R1
R2
Non − Inverting Amplifier=G=1+
R1
IC Transistor as an
Current Gain= =
IB Amplifier
RC
Amplification − Factor = 
rin
IE = IC + IB
MDCAT
CHAPTER#15
DAWN OF MODERN PHYSICS
to Time Dilation Length
t=
2
v
2 l = lo 1 − Contraction
1 − v2 c2
c
Length mo Mass Variation
v2 m=
l = lo 1− Contraction 2
c2 1 − v2
c
E = mc2 Mass Energy max T = const. Wein’s
Relationship Constant
K.E = (m − m )c2 k = 2.9103 mK
o
E
m = E Stefen’s
c2 =
T 4 Constant
−8
= 5.6710 Wm−2K −4
h=
E Planck’s E =hf Energy of
f Constant hc Photon
E=
h = 6.6310−34 Js 
E = pc
p2
E=
2m
1 Photoelectric h Campton Effect
mv2 =V e = (1− cos )
2 Effect
max o moc
1 h
hf −  = mv2 = 2.4310−12 m
max
2 moc
hfe −  = 0
hfe = 
K .Emax = hf − hfo
hf = 2m c2 + K.E.(e−) + K.E.(e+) Pair Production
o
MDCAT
CHAPTER#16
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
N = (A− Z) Neutron B.E = mc 2 Binding Energy
Number
m = Zmp +(A− Z)mn − mnucleus Mass defect A
X =A−4 Y +4 He α Decay
Z Z−2 2
N = −N t Half Life A

X =A Y +0 e β Decay
Z Z +1 −1
N
 =− N
t
T1/ 2 = 0.693
T = 1
T1/ 2 = 0.693Tmean
1
T =
mean


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Click here to solve PMC Physics Topicals MDCAT

HYSICS FORMULA SHEET

Parabolic Projectile Vertical Projectile Motion

  90o , Negative Work

1 Energy Loss in P.E.= Gain in K.E. Interconversion

Frequency Simple Pendulum

Req = R1 + R2 + .... Series Combination 1 1

R1R2 For Parallel

T1 x + T2 x Ampere’s Law B = onI Field due to a

Q = nALq Force on a Moving e V Determination of e

W = q L Energy Stored V = Vo sin wt Alternating

N = −N t Half Life A

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