Physiologic Value of Food

- it is the measure of energy needed by the body at rest for all
its internal chemical activities which is approximately 1 calorie

per kilogram of body weight per hour for an adult.
Food - the minimum amount of energy needed by the body at rest in
the in the fasting state.
- a solid and liquid materials taken into the digestive tract
that are utilized to sustain life:
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
- maintain and build tissues, - is the rate of basal metabolism in a given person at given time
- regulate body processes and and situation
- supply heat - constitutes one-half of the calorie requirements of an individual.
Metabolism
- derived from the Greek word metabolismos which means to To ensure accuracy:
change or alter. 1. The subject must be in fasting or post-absorptive state, at least
- chemical process of transforming food into complex tissue 12 hours after the meal. ( it is taken in the morning)
elements and of transforming complex substances into simple 2. The subject must be awake, lying quietly, and free from
ones along with the production of heat and energy. physical fatigue, nervousness, or tension – this can cause an
Energy increases in heat production.
3. The environmental temperature should be between 20°C-
- the force or power that enables the body to do its work.
25°C so that the subject can maintain his/her body temperature.
- In nutrition: the chemical energy locked in foodstuffs brought
about by metabolism. • Values obtained in this test which are within the plus or minus
10% are still considered normal.
The Calorie
- kilogram calorie (kcal) or calorie 1. Rule of the thumb (simple method)
- unit of measurement for the energy that the body gets from - adult male -1kcal/kg/hr
food. 1000 small calories = 1kilocalories or calorie - adult female – 0.9 kcal /kg/hr
- by-product of carbohydrates, protein, and fats that are An individual whose ideal body weight (IBW) is 50 kg has basal
oxidized in the body. metabolic energy need 1,200 kcal/day (50 x 1kcal x 24hrs.) – not
- 1 kcal is the amt of heat energy required to raise the applicable to obese or lean individuals
temperature of 1kilogram water by 1◦C 2. Harris-Benedict formula
1. Fuel factor of CHO = 4 calories per gram - developed in 1909 – which uses information on: weight, height,
2. Fuel factor of Fat = 9 calories per gram age and sex.
3. Fuel factor of CHON = 4 calories per gram Purpose - measure Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)
Ex.
Bomb calorimeter – a device used to measure the total calorie Male: REE = 66+[13.7 x wt(kg)] + [5 x ht(cm)] – [6.8 x age(yr)]
content (total energy) available from food. Female: REE = 655 + [9.6 x wt(kg)] + [1.8 x ht(cm) – [4.7 x age(yr)]
3.Biologic body weight raised to the ¾ power
The Joule
- computation for a fat free body size.
- is the measure of energy in the metric system. - multiplied by 70
1 calorie (kilocalorie)= 4.184 joule (kilojoules) Ex. A 50-kg man’s REE = 18.8 x 70 = 1,326 kcal
Ex.:
1 cup of milk = 170kcal
170 kcal x 4.184 kjoules = 711.28 kjoules 1. Surface area
– the greater the body surface area or skin area, the greater the
amount of heat loss and in turn, the greater the necessary heat
 The energy value of one tablespoon of sugar (15 grams) is produced by the body.
approximately 60 calories (15x4). Most food however, are 2. Sex
complex and contain proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. – women have metabolism of about 5% to 10% less than men
Ex. 1 cup of milk contains approx.: even when they are of the same weight and height.
12gms CHO x 4cal/gm = 48kcal - women have a little more fat and less muscular development
8gms CHON x 4cal/gm = 32kcal than men.
10gms fats x 9cal/gm = 90kcal 3. Age
total = 170kcal – metabolic rate is highest during periods of rapid growt (1 to 2
To calculate the percentage of kcalories from fat. years) and reaches a lesser peak through the age of puberty
Ex. and adolescence in both sexes.
90 fat kcal/170kcal = 0.529 or 0.53 - BMR declines slowly with increasing age to lower muscle tone
0.53 = 53% from lessened activity.
Basal Metabolism 4. Body composition
– large proportion of inactive adipose tissue lowers the BMR.
- known as Required Energy Expenditure (REE)
- Athletes show an increase of 5% in basal metabolic due to their
great muscular development over than of non- athletes.
5. State of nutrition
- a decrease in the mass of active tissue such as in the case of
undernourishment or starvation causes a lowered metabolism
often as much as 50% below normal.
6. Sleep
- during sleep – metabolic rate falls approximately 10% to 15%
below than of waking levels.
- the decrease rate is due to muscular relaxation and decreased
activity of the sympathetic nervous system.
7. Endocrine glands
- secretes hormone into the blood stream
- the principal regulators of the metabolic rate
- male sex hormones – increase the BMR about 10% to 15%
- female sex hormones – a little less
8. Fever
- increases the BMR about 7% for each degree rise in the
body temperature above 98.6°F.
1. Ador Dionisio’s Method

Ex.
Male, 45y.o., 5’4’’ tall
Height = 5ft = 110 lbs
4inches x 2 = + 8 lbs
118 lbs
Age = (45y.o)2 = 18 lbs
5
DBW = 118 lbs + 18 lbs = 136 lbs
2. Tannhauser’s Method
- measure height in cm and deduct 100. from the difference, take
off its 10%.
Ex.
male, 45y.o, 5’4’’ tall
height = 5’4’’ = 162.56 cm
162.56-100 = 62.56cm
10% of 62.56 cm = 6.256
62.56-6.256 = DBW (kg)
DBW (kg) = 56.7 kg or 126 lbs
Body Mass Index

The body mass index (BMI) is the ratio of weight to height.
weight in kg
BMI = (height in meters)²
Ex.: an individual who weighs 92 kg and is 175 cm tall would
have a BMI of:
92kg/(1.75m)² = 30
(note: body weight and height should be measured without shoes)
a. Determine the BMI

- (1) use monogram
- (2) compute for the BMI using the formula
- wt in kg/ht in m²
b. Determine the ideal body weight
Nutritionist- Dietitians Association of the Philippines
Formula:
1. Female 5’0’’ – 166 lbs
add 4lbs for every inch thereafter
2. Male 5’0’’ – 112 lbs
add 4 lbs for every inch thereafte

Physiologic Value of Food

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Physiologic Value of Food

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- it is the measure of energy needed by the body at rest for all

its internal chemical activities which is approximately 1 calorie

1. Ador Dionisio’s Method

Body Mass Index

a. Determine the BMI

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