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    Q3 Lesson 5 Molality

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    Aly Sa
    The document discusses different types of solutions and concentration units. It defines a solution as a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, with the solute present in smaller amounts and the solvent in larger amounts. It describes saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. It then defines various concentration units - percent by mass, mole fraction, molarity, and molality. It provides examples of how to calculate molarity and molality of solutions. The last part discusses a chemistry event where a CO2 cloud was released from Lake Nyos in West Africa in 1986, killing 1700 people.

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    Q3 Lesson 5 Molality

    Uploaded by

    Aly Sa
    38 views16 pages
    The document discusses different types of solutions and concentration units. It defines a solution as a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, with the solute present in smaller amounts and the solvent in larger amounts. It describes saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. It then defines various concentration units - percent by mass, mole fraction, molarity, and molality. It provides examples of how to calculate molarity and molality of solutions. The last part discusses a chemistry event where a CO2 cloud was released from Lake Nyos in West Africa in 1986, killing 1700 people.

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    Q3-Lesson-5-Molality

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    The document discusses different types of solutions and concentration units. It defines a solution as a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, with the solute present in smaller amounts and the solvent in larger amounts. It describes saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. It then defines various concentration units - percent by mass, mole fraction, molarity, and molality. It provides examples of how to calculate molarity and molality of solutions. The last part discusses a chemistry event where a CO2 cloud was released from Lake Nyos in West Africa in 1986, killing 1700 people.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views16 pages

    Q3 Lesson 5 Molality

    Uploaded by

    Aly Sa
    The document discusses different types of solutions and concentration units. It defines a solution as a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, with the solute present in smaller amounts and the solvent in larger amounts. It describes saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. It then defines various concentration units - percent by mass, mole fraction, molarity, and molality. It provides examples of how to calculate molarity and molality of solutions. The last part discusses a chemistry event where a CO2 cloud was released from Lake Nyos in West Africa in 1986, killing 1700 people.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    MARVELYN JESSICA T.

    JABEGUERO

    1
    A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or
    more substances

    The solute is(are) the substance(s) present in the


    smaller amount(s)

    The solvent is the substance present in the larger


    amount

    2
    A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of a
    solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific
    temperature.
    An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the
    solvent has the capacity to dissolve at a specific
    temperature.
    A supersaturated solution contains more solute than is
    present in a saturated solution at a specific temperature.
    Sodium acetate crystals rapidly form when a seed crystal is
    added to a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate.

    3
    Concentration Units
    The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute
    present in a given quantity of solvent or solution.

    Percent by Mass
    mass of solute
    % by mass = x 100%
    mass of solute + mass of solvent
    mass of solute x 100%
    =
    mass of solution

    Mole Fraction (X)


    moles of A
    XA =
    sum of moles of all components 4
    Concentration Units Continued
    Molarity (M)

    moles of solute
    M =
    liters of solution

    Molality (m)

    moles of solute
    m =
    mass of solvent (kg)

    5
    Example 12.3

    Calculate the molality of a sulfuric acid solution containing


    24.4 g of sulfuric acid in 198 g of water.

    The molar mass of sulfuric acid is 98.09 g.


    Example 12.3
    Strategy To calculate the molality of a solution, we need to
    know the number of moles of solute and the mass of the
    solvent in kilograms.

    Solution The definition of molality (m) is

    First, we find the number of moles of sulfuric acid in 24.4 g of


    the acid, using its molar mass as the conversion factor.
    Example 12.3
    The mass of water is 198 g, or 0.198 kg. Therefore,
    Example 12.4
    The density of a 2.45 M aqueous solution of methanol (CH3OH)
    is 0.976 g/mL. What is the molality of the solution? The molar
    mass of methanol is 32.04 g.
    Example 12.4
    Strategy To calculate the molality, we need to know the
    number of moles of methanol and the mass of solvent in
    kilograms. We assume 1 L of solution, so the number of
    moles of methanol is 2.45 mol.
    Example 12.4
    Solution Our first step is to calculate the mass of water in 1 L
    of the solution, using density as a conversion factor. The total
    mass of 1 L of a 2.45 M solution of methanol is

    Because this solution contains 2.45 moles of methanol, the


    amount of water (solvent) in the solution is
    Example 12.4
    The molality of the solution can be calculated by converting
    898 g to 0.898 kg:
    Example
    Calculate the molality of a 35.4 percent (by mass) aqueous
    solution of phosphoric acid (H3PO4).

    The molar mass of phosphoric acid is 97.99 g.


    Example
    Strategy In solving this type of problem, it is convenient to
    assume that we start with a 100.0 g of the solution. If the mass
    of phosphoric acid is 35.4 percent, or 35.4 g, the percent by
    mass and mass of water must be 100.0% − 35.4% = 64.6%
    and 64.6 g.

    Solution From the known molar mass of phosphoric acid, we


    can calculate the molality in two steps. First we calculate the
    number of moles of phosphoric acid in 35.4 g of the acid
    Example
    The mass of water is 64.6 g, or 0.0646 kg. Therefore, the
    molality is given by
    Chemistry In Action: The Killer Lake

    8/21/86
    CO2 Cloud Released
    1700 Casualties

    Trigger?
    • earthquake
    • landslide
    • strong Winds
    Lake Nyos, West Africa
    16

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