Anti Virus and Anti Fungal

APPLICATIONS OF
PROPOLIS IN DENTISTRY:
A REVIEW
REVIEW ARTICLE
GROUP MEMBERS:
Muhamad Nabil Rabbani - 022111133028
Anugrah Putra Dani - 022111133029
Ersyanindya C - 022111133032
Nicole Ava Chang - 022111133033
Zanira Ghaisani Rochman - 022111133044
Tasya Horax - 022111133050
Tsaniya Kamilah - 022111133030
Tiara Lathifah Riyadi - 022111133031

introduction
Comprised largely by flavonoids and are in fact its active
component which are responsible for the majority of anti-
oxidative, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-
cariogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of propolis
Induces the synthesis of insoluble glycan and inhibits the
activity of glycosyltransferase enzyme
Possesses anti-inflammatory properties via inhibiting the
production of prostaglandins through inhibiting
lipoxygenase enzyme. Its anti-inflammatory and analgesic
properties are similar to those of aspirin but with fewer
propolis side-effects
Increases the production of interferons and antibodies.
introduction
Antibacterial Activity
Confirmed effective against some anaerobic oral
pathogens:
1. Lactobacillus acidophilus
2. Actinomyces naeslundii
3. Prevotella oralis
4. Prevotella melaninogenica
5. Porphyromonas gingivalis
6. Fusobacterium nucleatum
propolis 7. Veillonella parvula
MATERIALS
Literature search on :
Google
Medlib.ir
SID
Iranmedex
Magiran
Pubmed
ISI Web of Knowledge
with following criterria :
published between 1977-2017
fulll text article can be accesed
article in farsi or english
adequate sample size and correct statistical analyses
The excluded articles were:
systematic reviews, case reports, letter to editors and congress

abstracts.
Methods
by reading the full text in each literature that mentioned
the use of propolis in their topics or abstracts and
selected those that fulfilled our inclusion criteria.
Results
This study reviewed published articles on the efficacy of propolis for surgical wound
healing, caries prevention, treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, treatment of aphthous
ulcers and propolis as a storage medium for avulsed teeth, root canal irrigating solution
and mouthwash.
A. Propolis for surgical wound healing

Carvalho and Magro tested the efficacy of propolis alcoholic extract after tooth extraction for alveolar socket
wound healing. Results showed that the mouthwash enhanced wound healing and showed anti-
inflammatory and analgesic properties. Propsolis and silver sulfadiazine had superior efficacy for synthesis
and accumulation of collagen.
B. Propolis as storage medium for avulsed teeth

Pileggi and Martin found that propolis was superior to HBSS, milk and salt as storage media for avulsed teeth,
due to the number of survived periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in propolis.
Results
C. Propolis as culture medium for PDL cells
This text discusses the biocompatibility of PDL cells of extracted teeth in propolis. The trypan blue exclusion
test was used to determine the bio-availability of the cells, and coconut water and propolis were compared to
find which one better maintained the PDL cells. Results showed that more PDL cells remained viable in
coconut water, and 75% of PDL and dental pulp fibroblasts exposed to 4 mg/mL or lower concentrations of
propolis remained viable.
D. Propolis as intracanal irrigating solution

Qathami and Al-Madi assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of propolis, sodium hypochlorite and salt for
intracanal irrigation. Chlorhexidine gluconate (100%) had better antimicrobial activity than 2% povidone
iodine (87%), propolis (71%), MCJ (69%) and calcium hydroxide (55%). Propolis and MCI were effective
against E. faecalis in dentin of extracted teeth.
Results
Comparison with other mouthwash
Chlorhexidine is more effective against oral microorganism.
Chlorhexidine is more cytotoxic against gingival fibroblast
10-50 drops of propolis to a glass of warm water good for
caries prevention and anti-plaque
Propolis can be swallowed
Propolis for Caries Prevention
Propolis inhibit the activity of glucosyltransferase of S.
mutans
Results
Propolis for Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity
Propolis obstructed the dental tubules
Compared to casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium
phosphate fluoride, sodium fluoride, propolis and distilled
water (as placebo) after eight days, 60 days and three
months of use, the results showed that propolis was the
best material for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity
Results
Propolis as Pulp Capping Agent
Resinous and adhesive properties seals the dentinal tubules
Has anti-inflammatory property that decreases pulpal
inflammation
Dental pulp capping with propolis flavonoids in rats
postponed pulpal inflammation and induced dentin
regeneration
Results
Propolis for Treatment of Periodontitis
Comparing a mouthwash containing propolis, chlorhexidine
and a placebo on microbial plaque formation. Chlorexidine
was the best option but propolis mouthwash was slightly
better than the negative control and this difference was not
statistically significant.
Propolis mouthwash effectively decreased plaque index
and insoluble polysaccharides by 61.7%.
Propolis could enhanced protein synthesis, cell mitosis,
increased cell metabolism and collagen synthesis for
gingival structure and treatment of periodontitis.
Results
Propolis for Reccurent Aphtous Stomatitis
One 500 mg capsule of propolis per day could reduce the
occurrence of aphthous ulcers.
Propolis decreased the recurrence of ulcers and improved
the quality of life of patients.
Propolis prevents irritation of ulcer and also exerts
anesthetic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Propolis stimulates the immune system and effectively
decreases the recurrence of lesions.
DISCUSSION
The caffeic acid and flavonoids present in the composition of propolis
decrease the inflammatory response and by inhibiting the
lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes, prevent the conversion
of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
Enhances the function of the immune system since it induces the
phagocytic activity and cell immunity.
Helps in formation of hard tissue barrier since different enzymatic
systems present in propolis participate in cell metabolism cycles and
in collagen synthesis.
Propolis is non-toxic and its safe dose is 1.4 mg/kg or 70 mg/day for
humans
Addition of propolis to toothpastes and mouthwashes enhances their
antimicrobial activity and decreases plaque accumulation at the
margins and, therefore, would be effective for treatment of gingivitis.
discussion
Researchers conducted several cohort studies and clinical trials and
indicated that propolis was suitable for use as mouthwash and to
decrease inflammation and dentin sensitivity and for its antifungal
effects.
However, use of propolis in dentistry requires further and more
comprehensive investigations. Also, it is noteworthy that the structure
and composition of propolis may vary depending on its geographical
origin and even the season of the year.
CONCLUSION
Propolis can be considered a single agent that can be used for multiple
purposes with zero to few side effects compared to those drugs used for
the same diseases of oral health, given its advantages and its confirmed
anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activity, and more
importantly, stimulation of the immune system. Propolis is an effective
agent that is used formultiple purpose in oral health, such as:

Propolis is a suitable storage medium for extracted teeth.
Combination of propolis and calcium hydroxide is effective to control
dental infections.
THANK
YOU

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APPLICATIONS OF

Anugrah Putra Dani - 022111133029

Nicole Ava Chang - 022111133033

Zanira Ghaisani Rochman - 022111133044

Tasya Horax - 022111133050

Tsaniya Kamilah - 022111133030

Tiara Lathifah Riyadi - 022111133031

The excluded articles were:

systematic reviews, case reports, letter to editors and congress

A. Propolis for surgical wound healing

B. Propolis as storage medium for avulsed teeth

D. Propolis as intracanal irrigating solution

anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activity, and more

importantly, stimulation of the immune system. Propolis is an effective

agent that is used formultiple purpose in oral health, such as:

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