PAVEMENT DESIGN CALCULATION

PROJECT: MANUAL ON PAVEMENT DESIGN

TRAFFIC: ams OSRAM Semiconductor internal road

INPUT:
A. 1. Road Design Standard
2. Type of Road (Local / Trunk)
3. Road type
4. Type of terrain: (F/R/M)
5. Lanes per direction:
6. Carriageway width: 3 m
7. Shoulder width: 0 m

B. 1. Year of traffic count: tc 2022

2. Initial Average Daily Traffic: (ADT) 200 veh/day
3. Percentage of commercial vehicles Pc: 100 %
4. Expected Year of completion of construction: tf 2023
5. Growth rates,r: 5 %
6. Subgrade CBR: 5 %
7. Design Period where x = 10 yrs + ( tf - tc ) = 16 yrs 15 years

C. 1. Initial anual commercial traffic (one way), Vo: VO = 36,500 pcu/year

2. Acc. sum of commercial traffic for (one way): 15 year design period VC = 863,498 pcu/year
3. Equivalent factor, e: ( Table 3.1 ) e = 3.7
4. Equivalent Standard Axle, ESA : ESA = 3,194,943 3.2E+06
5. Minimum required Ta for CBR = 5 % Ta' = 24.465 cm

DESIGN OF PAVEMENT STRUCTURE AND LAYER THICKNESS. pavement thickness

Coefficient
ACW
D. 1. Asphaltic Conc. Wearing ( min. thk Tbl 3.8 ) 50 ^----------------------------
mm 1.00 600
ACBC
2. Asphaltic Concrete Binder Course ^---------------------------- 50
120 mm 1.00
500 DBMB - TYPE 1
3. Dense Bit. Macadam Base: (Type 1) ^----------------------------
mm 0.80 120
DBMB - TYPE 2
4. Dense Bit. Macadam Base: (Type 2) ^----------------------------
mm 0.55 400
CSB
5. Cem. Stabilised Base; ^----------------------------
mm 0.45
300 CABC
6. Crushed Aggregate Base Course: 350 ^----------------------------
mm 0.32
350 SAND SUBBASE
7. Sand Subbase ( min. thk Tbl 3.6 ) 50 ^----------------------------
mm 0.23 200
CAS
8. Crushed Aggregate Subbase: ^----------------------------
mm 0.25
100 CSS
9. Cem. Stabilised Subbase; ^----------------------------
mm 0.28
mm 0.23 50 LOWER
10. Lower Subbase: ^---------------------------- 0 SUBBASE

CALCULATED Ta: 29.4 cm or 294 mm

* PAVEMENT THICKNESS OK ( Ta > Ta' )

* TOTAL THICKNESS OF BITUMINOUS LAYER OK.

Actual thickness of Pavement Structure = 570 mm

Designed by: Khalid Ahmad Checked by: Ir. Nik Fuaad bin Nik Abllah
Date Printed: 03/09/23

9/3/20234:33 PM Pavement V2006 REVISED-r1 Pavement

 PAVEMENT DESIGN CALCULATIONS
The following conditions are given:

Class of road = U3 From T.O.R.

Initial daily traffic volume (ADT) = 200 veh/day
Year of traffic count (tc) = 2022
Expected year of completion (tf) = 2023
Percentage of commercial vehicles, Pc = 100.0 %
Annual growth rate, r = 5.0 %
Equivalence factor, e = 3.7 Refer to Table 3.1
Sub-grade CBR = 5.0 %
Terrain = F

Initial annual commercial traffic for one-way, Vo

Vo = ADT x 0.5 x 365 x Pc/100

= 200 x 182.50 x 1.00 = 36,500
= 36,500 pcu/yr

Accumulative sum of commercial traffic one-way for 10 years design period

X
Vc = Vo {(1 + r) – 1} where x = 10 yrs + ( tf - tc )
r
x= 16
10+( tf - tc )
= 36,500 {( 1 + 5.0000 )} 1
5.0000

= 8.63E+05 pcu/yr

Total Equivalent Standard Axles

ESA = Vc x e
= 8.63E+05 x 3.7
= 3.19E+06

Maximum Hourly One Way Traffic Flow

c = I x R x T ………………. Refer Table 3.1-3.3
= 2000 x 1.0 x 0.73
= 1,460 veh./hour
Assuming hourly capacity is ten per cent of daily capacity, the daily capacity is

C = 10 x c
= 10 x 1,460
= 14,600 veh./day/lane

The estimated daily traffic V after 10 years(completion) is given by

X
Vx = ADT ( 1 + r ) where x = 10 yrs + ( tf - tc )

2 X= 16
10+( tf - tc )
= (1+ (1+ 5.0000 )

2
= 218 veh/day/lane

Hence capacity has not been reached after 10 years. ( Vx < C ) O.K.

From fig. 2, the chart shows that

for an ESA of 3.2E+06 the required TA is 26.5 cm.

Design of Layer Thickness

TA = a1 D1 + a2 D2 + … + an Dn

Coeff. Minimum Thickness

Layer Material
a D

Asphalt Concrete
a1 1 9 cm
ACW20 + ACB28
a2 Dense Bituminous Macadam 0.8 5 cm
Mechanically
Stabilized
a3 0.32 10 cm
Crushed
Aggregate
a4 Sand 0.23 10 cm
 st
1 trial

Nominate D1 = 5.0 cm …Refer to table 3.8

D2 = 0.0 cm
D3 = 30.0 cm
D4 = 15.0 cm

Then TA = 18.05 3.45

= 18.05 cm < TA’ Try again!!!

nd
2 trial

Nominate D1 = 17.0 cm …Refer to table 3.8

D2 = 0.0 cm
D3 = 35.0 cm
D4 = 5.0 cm

Then TA = 29.35

= 29.35 cm > TA’ Pavement thickness OK!

Taking into consideration the minimum thickness requirements, the pavement structure then comprise of the following layer thickness

Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (ACW14) = 50 mm

Asphalt Concrete Binder Course (ACB28) = 120 mm
Dense Bituminous Macadam ( DBM ) = 0 mm
Wet Mix Crushed Aggregate Road Base = 350 mm
Sand Sub Base = 50 mm
* Total Thickness of Pavement Structure = 570 mm
 PAVEMENT DESIGN - TABLES OF REFERENCES

Table 3.1 - The Equivalence Factor, ( e )

Percentage of selected heavy good vehicles * 0-15% 16-50% 51-100%
Type of Road local trunk
Equivalence Factor 1.2 2.0 3.0 3.7

Table 3.2 - Maximum Hourly Capacity Under Ideal Conditions, I

Road type Passenger Vehicle Units per Hour
Multi - lane 2000 per lane
Two lanes ( bothways ) 2000 total for bothways
Three lanes ( bothways ) 4000 total for bothways

Table 3.3 - Carriageway Roadway Reduction Factor, R

Carriageway Width Shoulder width
2.00m 1.50m 1.25m 1.00m

7.5 m 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.90

7.0 m 0.88 0.86 0.83 0.79
6.0 m 0.81 0.78 0.76 0.73
5.0 m 0.72 0.70 0.67 0.64

Table 3.4 - Traffic Reduction Factor, T

Type of Terrain Factor
Flat T = 100 / (100+Pc)
Rolling T = 100 / (100+2Pc)
Mountainous T = 100 / (100+5Pc)

Table 3.5 - Structural Layer Coefficients

Component Type of Layer Property Coefficient
Wearing and Binder course Asphalt Concrete 1.00
Type 1: Stability > 400 kg 0.80
Dense Bituminous Macadam Type 2 : Stability > 300 kg 0.55
Unconfined
Compressive
Cement Stabilized Strength ( 7 days ) 0.45
Base Course
30-40 kg/cm2

Mechanically Stabilized Crushed 0.32

CBR >= 80 %
Aggregate

Sand, Laterite etc. CBR >= 20 % 0.23

Subbase Course Crushed Aggregate CBR >= 30 % 0.25
Cement Stabilized CBR >= 60 % 0.28

Table 3.6 - Minimum Layer Thickness

Type of Layer Minimum Thickness
Wearing course 4 cm
Binder course 5 cm

Bituminous 5 cm
Base Course Wet Mix 10 cm

Cement treated 10 cm

Granular 10 cm
Subbase Course
Cement treated 15 cm

Table 3.7 - Standard & Construction Layer Thickness

Type of Layer Standard Thickness One layer Lift
Wearing course 4 - 5 cm 4- 5 cm
Binder course 5 - 10 cm 5 - 10 cm

Bituminous 5 - 20 cm 5 - 15 cm
Base Course Wet Mix 10 - 20 cm 10 - 15 cm

Cement treated 10 - 20 cm 10 - 20 cm

Granular 10 - 30 cm 10 - 20 cm
Subbase Course
Cement treated 15 - 30 cm 10 - 20 cm

Table 3.8 - Minimum Thickness of Bituminous Layer

Ta Total Thickness of Bituminous Layer

< 17.5 cm 5.0 cm

17.5 - 22.5 cm 10.0 cm
23.0 - 29.5 cm 15.0 cm
> 30.0 cm 17.5 cm