PROFILE OF DELHI: NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY - DELHI

LOCATION
Delhi is located in northern India
BASIC STATISTICS ABOUT DELHI
between the latitudes of 28°-24’-17”
• Area : 1,483 sq.Km
and 28°-53’-00” North and longitudes
• Number of districts : 9
of 76°-50’-24” and 77°-20’-37” East.
• Number of Urban villages :
Delhi shares borders with the States of
• Per Capita income : Rs. 38,864 (2000-01)
Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Delhi has
an area of 1,483 sq. kms. Its maximum • Total population (census2001) : 137.83 lakh

length is 51.90 kms and greatest

width is 48.48 kms.

GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF DELHI

Delhi, the capital of India is bounded by the Indo-Gangetic zalluvial plains in the
North and East, by Thar desert in the West and by Aravalli hill ranges in the South. The
terrain of Delhi is flat in general except for a low NNE-SSW trending ridge which is
considered and extention of the Aravalli hills of Rajasthan.

The ridge may be said to enter Delhi from the SW. The eastern part of the ridge
extends up to Okhla in the South and disappears below Yamuna alluvium in the NE
on the right bank of the river.

PHYSIOGRAPHY
The physiography of Delhi is dominated by the river Yamuna, and the Aravalli
range, and the plains in between, formed by alluvium deposits of recent formation.
The Delhi Ridge and its four sections, the northern, the central, the south central and
the southern constitute the farthest extension of the Aravalli range, its spurs meeting
the Yamuna at two points, in the north and the east. Ecologically, the Ridge acts a
barrier between the Thar desert and the plains and slows down the movement of
dust and wind from the desert. This green belt, a natural forest, has a moderating
influence on temperature, besides bestowing other known benefits on the people
The Yamuna river and terminal part of the Aravali hill range are the two main
geographical features of the city. The Aravali hill range are covered with forest and
are called the Ridges; they are the city’s lungs and help maintain its environment.
The Yamuna river is Delhi’s source of drinking wate and a sacred river for most of the
inhabitants.
The Yamuna river originates from the Yamnotri glacier in the lower Himalayas at an
elevation of about 6387 mtr. above mean sea level. From Tajewala, the river
sluggishly meanders via Delhi to its confluence with the Ganga at Allahabad after
flowing a distance of about 1200 kms. The total length of the river from origin to the
confluence point at Allahabad is 1376 kms. The catchment of the Yamuna river
system covers parts of Uttranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana,
Rajasthan, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh.

CLIMATE
The average annual rainfall in Delhi is 714 mm, three-fourths of which falls in July,
August and September. Heavy rainfall in the catchment area of the Yamuna can
result in a dangerous flood situation for the city. During the summer months of April,
May and June, temperatures can rise to 40-45 degrees Celsius; winters are typically
cold with temperatures during December and January falling to 4 to 5 degree
Celsius. February, March, October and November are climatically the best months.

The forest cover has increased from 0.76% of total area in 1980-81 to 1.75% in
1994-95 and 5.93% in 2000-01. Delhi’s mineral resources are primarily sand and stone
which are useful for construction activities. However, the stone quarries in the Ridge
area have been shut down since 1984 on account of environmental considerations.

ECONOMIC PROFILE OF DELHI

Delhi was a small town in 1901 with a population 0.4 million. Delhi’s population
started increasing after it became the capital of British India in 1911. During the
Partition of the country, a large number of people migrated from Pakistan and
settled in Delhi, and in the decade 1941-51 the population growth rate was 90%.
Migration into the city continued even after Partition. (Economic Survey of Delhi,
2001-2021)
The 2001 Census recorded 137.83 lakh population of Delhi with 3.81% annual growth
rate and 46.31% decennial growth rate during 1991-2001. More than the 45% of
Delhi’s population resides in slums, unauthorized colonies and other unplanned
settlements. (Economic Survey of Delhi, 2001-2021)

With the rapid pace of urbanization the rural area of Delhi is shrinking. The number
of rural villages has decreased from 314 in 1921 to 165 in 2001 census. The
percentage of rural population of Delhi has also declined from 47.24% in 1901 to
6.99% in 2001. (Economic Survey of Delhi, 2001-2021)

As the country’s capital, with vibrant trade and commerce and excellent
employment opportunities. Delhi has attracted people from all over the country and
its population today reflects the characteristics of almost every region. Delhi truly
reflects the wealth and diversity of India wherein diverse religions, languages,
customs and cultures co-exist in splendid plural harmony. Religious, cultural and
social functions of different socio-cultural groups have transformed Delhi into a city
of festivals. (Economic Survey of Delhi, 2001-2021)

Delhi is among the top three States/Union Territories in terms of per capita income
(Rs. 38864 in 2000-01), current prices. More than 80% of the state income is from the
tertiary sector. However, with the continuous inflow of labourers and unemployed
persons, the number of people living in sub-standard areas is increasing. (Economic
Survey of Delhi, 2001-2021)

ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP
(A) Under the British
The British began their rule in Delhi in 1805 with the operation of General Regulations
made by the British under the charge of the Resident and Chief Commissioner of
Delhi. The system continued with periodic modifications till 1857. In 1858, the British
made Delhi a provincial town of the Frontier Province and later transferred it to the
newly formed Punjab province under a Lieutenant Governor. Delhi continued to be
administered directly by the Government of India through a Chief Commissioner till
1950.
With the shifting of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi, a separate Committee known
as Imperial. Delhi Committee was formed on 25 March 1913 to oversee construction
and management of the civic affairs of the new capital. In 1916, it was notified as
the Raisina Municipal Committee under the Punjab Municipal Act 1911 primarily for
meeting the sanitary needs of the workers engaged in the construction of the
capital.
On 16 th March 1927, it was re-designated as the New Delhi Municipal Committee.
In 1932, it was upgraded to the status of a first class municipality entrusted with the
responsibility of providing civic services. New Delhi Municipal Committee has been
reorganized under the New Delhi Municipal Council Act, 1994.

(B) After Independence

Delhi became a Part-C state in 1951 with a Council of Ministers and a Legislature.
The States Reorganization Commission, set-up in December 1953, recommended
that Delhi, as the national capital, must remain under the effective control of the
national government. It also suggested the formation of the Municipal Corporation
of Delhi (MCD). Accordingly, the Council of Ministers and Legislative Assembly of
Delhi ceased to exist from November 1, 1956. Delhi, as a Union Territory was
administered thereafter by the President of India through a Chief Commissioner
appointed under Article 239 till the Delhi Administration Act 1966 came into force.

(C) Formation of the Local Bodies

The Municipal Corporation of Delhi Act was enacted by Parliament in 1957 and the
Municipal Corporation of Delhi was formed with elected members in 1958.
The Delhi Development Authority was created under the Delhi Development Act,
1957. The first Master Plan, 1961-1981 was published by DDA in 1962.

The Delhi Administration Act 1966 (No.19 of 1966) was enacted by Parliament to
provide for limited representative government for Delhi with the creation of a
Metropolitan Council comprising 56 elected and 5 nominated members. An
Executive Council was also constituted by the President, and four Executive
Councillors, including the Chief Executive Councillor, were appointed by the
President.
 Delhi’s administrative set-up has seen another change through the 69 th
Constitutional Amendment by way of insertion of Article 239 AA and the passage of
the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 1991.

With the new administrative set-up in Delhi, a number of other changes have
followed, such as the transfer of the Delhi Transport Corporation from the Central
Government to the Delhi government. Similarly, the Delhi Electricity Supply
Undertaking has been reorganised as the Delhi Vidyut Board(DVB). The Delhi Water
Supply and Sewage Disposal Undertaking has been reorganised into theDelhi Jal
Board (DJB). Both DVB and DJB have been transferred from MCD to the Delhi
Government. In place of the single district that existed in Delhi, 9 districts with 27 sub-
divisions have been created
since January 1997.

NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY - DELHI

LOCATION
Delhi is located in northern India between the latitudes of 28°-24’-17” and
28°-53’-00” North and longitudes of 76°-50’-24” and 77°-20’-37” East. Delhi shares
borders with the States of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Delhi has an area of 1,483 sq.
kms. Its maximum length is 51.90 kms and greatest width is 48.48 kms.

PHYSIOGRAPHY
The physiography of Delhi is dominated by the river Yamuna, and the Aravalli
range, and the plains in between, formed by alluvium deposits of recent formation.
The Delhi Ridge and its four sections, the northern, the central, the south central and
the southern constitute the farthest extension of the Aravalli range, its spurs meeting
the Yamuna at two points, in the north and the east. Ecologically, the Ridge acts a
barrier between the Thar desert and the plains and slows down the movement of
dust and wind from the desert. This green belt, a natural forest, has a moderating
influence on temperature, besides bestowing other known benefits on the people
The Yamuna river and terminal part of the Aravali hill range are the two main
geographical features of the city. The Aravali hill range are covered with forest and
are called the Ridges; they are the city’s lungs and help maintain its environment.
The Yamuna river is Delhi’s source of drinking wate and a sacred river for most of the
inhabitants.
The Yamuna river originates from the Yamnotri glacier in the lower Himalayas at an
elevation of about 6387 mtr. above mean sea level. From Tajewala, the river
sluggishly meanders via Delhi to its confluence with the Ganga at Allahabad after
flowing a distance of about 1200 kms. The total length of the river from origin to the
confluence point at Allahabad is 1376 kms. The catchment of the Yamuna river
system covers parts of Uttranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana,
Rajasthan, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh.

CLIMATE
The average annual rainfall in Delhi is 714 mm, three-fourths of which falls in July,
August and September. Heavy rainfall in the catchment area of the Yamuna can
result in a dangerous flood situation for the city. During the summer months of April,
May and June, temperatures can rise to 40-45 degrees Celsius; winters are typically
cold with temperatures during December and January falling to 4 to 5 degree
Celsius. February, March, October and November are climatically the best months.

The forest cover has increased from 0.76% of total area in 1980-81 to 1.75% in
1994-95 and 5.93% in 2000-01. Delhi’s mineral resources are primarily sand and stone
which are useful for construction activities. However, the stone quarries in the Ridge
area have been shut down since 1984 on account of environmental considerations.

ECONOMIC PROFILE OF DELHI

(Economic Survey of Delhi, 2001-2021)
Delhi was a small town in 1901 with a population 0.4 million. Delhi’s population
started increasing after it became the capital of British India in 1911. During the
Partition of the country, a large number of people migrated from Pakistan and
settled in Delhi, and in the decade 1941-51 the population growth rate was 90%.
Migration into the city continued even after Partition.
The 2001 Census recorded 137.83 lakh population of Delhi with 3.81% annual growth
rate and 46.31% decennial growth rate during 1991-2001. More than the 45% of
Delhi’s population resides in slums, unauthorized colonies and other unplanned
settlements.
With the rapid pace of urbanization the rural area of Delhi is shrinking. The number
of rural villages has decreased from 314 in 1921 to 165 in 2001 census. The
percentage of rural population of Delhi has also declined from 47.24% in 1901 to
6.99% in 2001.

As the country’s capital, with vibrant trade and commerce and excellent
employment opportunities. Delhi has attracted people from all over the country and
its population today reflects the characteristics of almost every region. Delhi truly
reflects the wealth and diversity of India wherein diverse religions, languages,
customs and cultures co-exist in splendid plural harmony. Religious, cultural and
social functions of different socio-cultural groups have transformed Delhi into a city
of festivals.

Delhi is among the top three States/Union Territories in terms of per capita income
(Rs. 38864 in 2000-01), current prices. More than 80% of the state income is from the
tertiary sector. However, with the continuous inflow of labourers and unemployed
persons, the number of people living in sub-standard areas is increasing.

ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP
(A) Under the British
The British began their rule in Delhi in 1805 with the operation of General Regulations
made by the British under the charge of the Resident and Chief Commissioner of
Delhi. The system continued with periodic modifications till 1857. In 1858, the British
made Delhi a provincial town of the Frontier Province and later transferred it to the
newly formed Punjab province under a Lieutenant Governor. Delhi continued to be
administered directly by the Government of India through a Chief Commissioner till
1950.
With the shifting of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi, a separate Committee known
as Imperial. Delhi Committee was formed on 25 March 1913 to oversee construction
and management of the civic affairs of the new capital. In 1916, it was notified as
the Raisina Municipal Committee under the Punjab Municipal Act 1911 primarily for
meeting the sanitary needs of the workers engaged in the construction of the
capital.
On 16 th March 1927, it was re-designated as the New Delhi Municipal Committee.
In 1932, it was upgraded to the status of a first class municipality entrusted with the
responsibility of providing civic services. New Delhi Municipal Committee has been
reorganized under the New Delhi Municipal Council Act, 1994.

(B) After Independence

Delhi became a Part-C state in 1951 with a Council of Ministers and a Legislature.
The States Reorganization Commission, set-up in December 1953, recommended
that Delhi, as the national capital, must remain under the effective control of the
national government. It also suggested the formation of the Municipal Corporation
of Delhi (MCD). Accordingly, the Council of Ministers and Legislative Assembly of
Delhi ceased to exist from November 1, 1956. Delhi, as a Union Territory was
administered thereafter by the President of India through a Chief Commissioner
appointed under Article 239 till the Delhi Administration Act 1966 came into force.

(C) Formation of the Local Bodies

The Municipal Corporation of Delhi Act was enacted by Parliament in 1957 and the
Municipal Corporation of Delhi was formed with elected members in 1958.
The Delhi Development Authority was created under the Delhi Development Act,
1957. The first Master Plan, 1961-1981 was published by DDA in 1962.

The Delhi Administration Act 1966 (No.19 of 1966) was enacted by Parliament to
provide for limited representative government for Delhi with the creation of a
Metropolitan Council comprising 56 elected and 5 nominated members. An
Executive Council was also constituted by the President, and four Executive
Councillors, including the Chief Executive Councillor, were appointed by the
President.
Delhi’s administrative set-up has seen another change through the 69 th
Constitutional Amendment by way of insertion of Article 239 AA and the passage of
the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 1991.

With the new administrative set-up in Delhi, a number of other changes have
followed, such as the transfer of the Delhi Transport Corporation from the Central
Government to the Delhi government. Similarly, the Delhi Electricity Supply
Undertaking has been reorganised as the Delhi Vidyut Board(DVB). The Delhi Water
Supply and Sewage Disposal Undertaking has been reorganised into theDelhi Jal
Board (DJB). Both DVB and DJB have been transferred from MCD to the Delhi
Government. In place of the single district that existed in Delhi, 9 districts with 27 sub-
divisions have been created
since January 1997.

GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF DELHI

Delhi, the capital of India is bounded by the Indo-Gangetic zalluvial plains in the
North and East, by Thar desert in the West and by Aravalli hill ranges in the South. The
terrain of Delhi is flat in general except for a low NNE-SSW trending ridge which is
considered and extention of the Aravalli hills of Rajasthan.

The ridge may be said to enter Delhi from the SW. The eastern part of the ridge
extends up to Okhla in the South and disappears below Yamuna alluvium in the NE
on the right bank of the river.

Delhi Profile

Overview of the State

Historical Background
The earliest reference to the settlement at the site of Delhi, is believed to
feature in the Mahabharata as the great city of Indraprastha, estimated to
date back to the fifth or fourth century B.C. Archaeolgically, its existence as a
city site can also be linked to the period of Harappa civilization with the
discovery of Paleolithic tools and painted grey pottery of the period in and
around the areas of Delhi and Haryana.

In the earlier part of their rule over Delhi before 1857, the British and their
troops settled within the walled city, the Red Fort and around Kashmere
Gate. In 1817, several settlements of villages were undertaken through a
series of agreements and in 1819, Delhi was divided into two districts - North
and South. With this started the development of Delhi through acquisition
and development of land, construction of churches, hospitals, clubs,
development of suburbs, and so on. The eighteen fifties saw the
convergence of development plans for Delhi which included the
construction of the Grand Trunk Road through the walled city.
In 1915, 65 villages comprising the trans-Yamuna area were separated from
the united provinces of Agra and Oudh and added to the Chief
Commissioner's province of Delhi. Thus Delhi with an area of 673 sq, miles
formed a separate administrative unit

In 1824, a Town Duties Committee was set up which was the first
improvement and development agency of the Government in Delhi. The
Ridge, Cantonment and Khyber Pass were developed for outward
movement of British troops within the walled city and the Civil Lines area was
developed for residential purposes. 1833 witnessed the first census, which
recorded the population of Delhi as 1,19,640.

Seven Cities of Delhi

(13th - 19th century)

o Lalkot, Siri, Tughlakabad, Jahanpanah, Firuzabad, Sher Shahi

(Purana Quila), Shahjahanabad

• Delhi - The Historic Walled City

Built in 1638 A.D. by Shahjahan

•
o Fortified with wall of 6 km circumference
o Planning: Broad main roads and narrow streets
o Famous architectural buildings: Jama Masjid, Lal Quila, Qutab
Minar

• New Delhi - The National Capital

Came into existence in 1911 by British Empire, construction completed in

1931, £ 15 million was the expenditure.

o Sir Edwin Lutyens - the head architect

o Planned on a hexagonal grid system
o Dominated by wide vistas, enormous buildings and large
gardens
 o Continued as the capital of India after independence

Regional Setting
The situation of Delhi explains its rise in history. It lay across the major trade
routes linking the country's western parts and their harbours, the eastern
routes passing through the Indo-Gangetic plains, and the north-western
routes leading to Central Asia. It was supposedly well protected with the
Aravallis forming the natural ramparts, and the rugged terrain of the north-
west and the desert of Rajasthan - the recruiting grounds for the army -
providing additional protection. It was situated along the Yamuna, a
perennial source of water. It opened into the fertile valley of the Doab that
supplied abundant grains. In fact, Delhi stood like a sentinel over the Indo-
Gangetic plains. The seven cities rose and fell in and around the space
sandwiched between the Ridge and the Yamuna

Physiography
The physiography of Delhi is dominated by the river Yamuna, and the Aravalli
range, and the plains in between, formed by alluvium deposits of recent
formation. The Delhi Ridge and its four sections, the northern, the central, the
south central and the southern constitute the farthest extension of the Aravalli
range, its spurs meeting the Yamuna at two points, in the north and the east.
Ecologically, the Ridge acts a barrier between the Thar desert and the plains
and slows down the movement of dust and wind from the desert. This green
belt, a natural forest, has a moderating influence on temperature, besides
bestowing other known benefits on the people.

Location
Delhi is located in northern India between the latitudes of 28°-24’-17” and
28°-53’-00” North andlongitudes of 76°-50’-24” and 77°-20’-37” East. Delhi
shares bordering with the States of Uttar Pradeshand Haryana. Delhi has an
area of 1,483 sq. kms. Its maximum length is 51.90 kms and greatest widthis
48.48 kms.

Delhi is situated on the right bank of the river Yamuna at the periphery of the
Gangetic plains. It lies a little north of 28 n latitude and a little to the west of
78 longitude. To the west and south-west is the great Indian Thar desert of
Rajasthan state, formerly known as Rajputana and, to the east lies the river
Yamuna across which has spread the greater Delhi of today. The ridges of
the Aravelli range extend right into Delhi proper, towards the western side of
the city, and this has given an undulating character to some parts of Delhi.
The meandering course of the river Yamuna meets the ridge of Wazirabad to
the north; while to the south, the ridge branches off from Mehrauli. The main
city is situated on the west bank of the river.

Climate & Rainfall

.The average annual rainfall in Delhi is 714 mm, three-fourths of which falls in
July, August and September. Heavy rainfall in the catchment area of the
Yamuna can result in a dangerous flood situation for the city. During the
summer months of April, May and June, temperatures can rise to 40-45
degrees Celsius; winters are typically cold with temperatures during
December and January falling to 4 to 5 degree Celsius. February, March,
October and November are climatically the best months.

Bordering the Thar desert of Rajasthan, Delhi tends towards aridity, but being
on the verge of the Gangetic plains, rural Delhi is fertile. Summers are dry and
very hot with dry winds blowing, culminating at times in dust storms. But with
planned afforestation, natural forests being denuded in the area, the severity
of dry summers and duststorms have become milder; humidity has also
increased and the severely cold winters have given place to the refreshing
ones of today. The southwest monsoon brings rains to Delhi during the
monsoon season, i.e., July onwards. The southeast monsoon has a milder
impact. Delhi experiences a moderately wet monsoon.

Rivers and drainage pattern

The Yamuna river and terminal part of the Aravali hill range are the two main
geographical features of the city. The Aravali hill range are covered with
forest and are called the Ridges; they are the city’s lungs and help maintain
its environment. The Yamuna river is Delhi’s source of drinking waterand a
sacred river for most of the inhabitants.
The Yamuna river originates from the Yamnotri glacier in the lower Himalayas
at an elevation of about 6387 mtr. above mean sea level. From Tajewala, the
river sluggishly meanders via Delhi to its confluence with the Ganga at
Allahabad after flowing a distance of about 1200 kms. The total length of the
river from origin to the confluence point at Allahabad is 1376 kms. The
catchment of the Yamuna river system covers parts of Uttranchal, Uttar
Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh.

Socio Economic Profile

Demographic Profile
Delhi is still partly rural. Delhi tehsil consists of 144 villages and covers an area
of 541.5 sq. km. Mehrauli tehsil covers an area of 337.8 sq. km. and has 87
villages. In the 1901 Census, more than 48 per cent of Delhi's population lived
in rural areas which showed a gradual decline from 43.7 per cent in 1911 to
7.3 per cent in 1981, though there has been a slight reversal of the trend i.e.
10.07 per cent in 1991. This has been due to the process of urbanization.
During the 1981 Census 27 villages have been declared as census towns.
Delhi villages which have coexisted with the sprawling urban settlements still
retain a great deal of rural tradition. But farm houses of the nouve riche are
mushrooming, bringing urban culture of a different kind to the rural people. It
is only a matter of time before the villages become solidly a part of an urban
culture, retaining no doubt a bit of the past, but also losing a great deal of it.

Sex ratio in Delhi had been declining from 862 in 1901 to 715 in 1914. This
could also be due, among other factors, to female infanticide widely
reported in the northwest. From 1951 onwards there has been improvement
from 768 in 1951 to 827 females per 1000 males in 1991, owing to the
improvement in the status of women, fall in death rate during pre-and post-
natal periods, availability of better medical facilities and immigration of
women from other states for better employment opportunities. There is
variation in the distribution of sex ratio in different parts of Delhi; there are
more women in the old and concentrated settlements. However, compared
to the sex ratio of the country as a whole (927 females per 1000 males), Delhi
has a low sex ratio of 827 (1991 census), which in some respects has been a
cause for concern.

Population Projection of Delhi

Year Population in lakhs Annual compound

growth rate
1901 4.06
1911 4.14 0.20
1921 4.89 1.67
1931 6.36 2.68
1941 9.18 3.74
1951 17.44 6.63
1961 26.59 4.31
1971 40.66 4.34
1981 62.20 4.34
1991 94.21 4.24
2001 137.83 3.88
2011 195.07 3.54
2021 220.00 1.21

Social Sectors
Education

As on 31.12.2000
I No. of Schools 4618
A. Govt. + Aided Schools 3216
1. Dte. of Education 1227
(i) Middle 180
(ii) Secondary 221
(iii) Sr. Secondary 826
2. MCD
 (i) Pimary 1869
3. NDMC 114
(i) Primary + Nursury 82
(ii) Middle 14
(iii) Secondary 10
(iv) Sr. Secondary 8
4 Delhi Cantt. 6
(i) Primary 3
(ii) Middle 3
B Unaided School 1402
1. Dte. of Education 950
(i) Middle 469
(ii) Secondary 174
(ii) Sr, Secondary 307
2. MCD
(i) Primary 452
II No. of Govt. schools proposed to
1. be opened in 2001-2002
Dte.of Education 55
(i) Middle school 15
(ii) Up gradation of 30
Middle/Secondary schools
(iii) Bifurcation of schools 10
2. MCD
(i) Primary schools 30
III No. of Teacher’s 21572
Dte. of Education 2012
(i) MCD 87
(ii) NDMC
(iii) Delhi Cantt.
67013
43342
IV Students Teacher ratio
(i) Primary 41.24
(ii) Middle/Secondary 25.04
(iii) Sr. Secondary 15.83
(iv) Total 22.96
V Enrollment in lakhs
(i) Primary level (Classes I to V) 15.40
(ii) Middle (Classes VI to VIII) 6.47
(iii) Secondary (Classes IX to X) 8.16
(iv) Senior Secondary (XI to XII) 5.54
VI Literacy Rate (2001) 81.82 %
VII Higher Education
NO of university O5
No of Deemed university 06
 No of college 103
Funded by Delhi govt 12
Funded by Delhi Govt& UGC on 16
sharing basis 75
Others
Enrolment 4.88 Lakhs
Viii Swimming pools 38
Sports complex 19
IX Technical Education
(1)College for Technical 5
Education(Engg)
POlytechnics 9
ITIS 15
Basic Training centre 6
X No of Schools Functioning in 511
(i)Pucca School Building+SPS
(ii)SPS School building+SPS 325
(III)SPS?Tents 94
(IV)Tents 21
(V)In MCD premises
(VI)Rented 8
XI Percentage of Successful students Aided School Govt.
in CBSE schl
(i) Secondary 51.17% 40.13%

(ii) Senior Secondary 74.45% 70.20%

Source: Planning Cell, Dte of Education, Government of Delhi

Medical

S.No Items As on 31.3.2001

Nos. Beds
1. Hospitals
(i) Allopethic 79 20396
(ii)Arurvedic 6 401
(iii)Unani 1 70
(iv)Homopathic 2 200
Total 88 21067
2. Dispensaries / Health Centres
(i) Allopethic 516 -
(ii)Arurvedic 149 -
(iii)Unani 22 -
(iv)Homopathic 108 -
Total 795 -
3. Primary Health Centres 8 79
4. Sub Centres attached to 42 -
PHC’s
5. Maternity homes / Maternity
& Child Centres / Sub 202 285
Centers
6. Poly Clinics 32 -
7. Special Clinics ( TB/
STD/Leprosy) 17 186
8. Private Nursing Homes /
Clinics 420 11000
Total (1 to 8 ) 1604 32617
9. Agency wise breakup of Hosp. Disp.
Hospitals / Dispensaries
(i) Delhi government 30 313
(ii) MCd 10 183
(iii) N.D.M.C 2 34
(iv) Delhi Cantonment 3 0
Board 9 104
(v) Central Government 2 12
(vi) Railways 10 127
(vii) Statuary bodies 6 NA
(viii) Voluntary Organizations 381 NA
(ix) Private
Total 453 773
10. Bed Population ratio
(per Thousand) 2.34

11. Family Welfare Centres 121

Social Welfare

S.No Items As on 31.3.2001

I Welfare of Disabled
(i) No. of Schools for Deaf 04
(ii)No. of Deaf Students 898
(iii) No. of Schools for Mentally Retarded 01
(iv) No. of Mentally Retarded Students 34
(v) No. of Blind Schools 02
(vi No. of Blind Students 197
II Child Welfare
(i) No. of Children Homes 24
(ii) No. of Inmates in Homes 1710
III Welfare of Beggars/ Juveniles
(i) No. of Beggars Homes 12
(ii) No. of Inmates 2166
IV Welfare of Aged/Old persons
(i) No. of Old Age Homes 2
(ii) No. of Inmates 70
(iii) No. of Senior Citizens receiving Old
Age Assistance 96670
V Welfare of Women
(i) No. of working Women Hostels 15
(ii) No. of Inmates 1200
(iii) No. of Women received Assistance 1854
(iv) No. of women received Counseling 375

Housing
(A) Facilities Available To Households – Census 1981 And 1991

S.No Item Households % Of Total

Household
1. Electricity available 1479620 79.48
2. Toilet facility available 1179797 63.38
3. Electricity and toilet facility 114424 59.86
available
4. Electricity available But no 19.62
toilet facility available
5. Toilet available but no 365196 3.51
electricity
6. No electricity and toilet 65373 17.01
facility
7. Water Supply 316583 17.01
(i) Piped water supply 1409730 75.72
(ii) Handpumps/Tubewells 373355 20.06
(iii) Well 43513 2.34
Other 34978 1.88
sources( (Rivers/Canals/Tank
s)
8. Fuel Used For Cooking
(i) Cooking Gas 865072 41.47
(ii) Kerosene 774348 41.60
(iii) Dung cake 88680 4.76
(iv) Wood 86861 4.67
(v) Coal 15903 0.85
(vi) Biogas 11913 0.64
(vii) Electricity 2346 0.13
(ix) Others 16032 0.86
Total Households 1861576 100

(B) House Utilization (no. of Houses)

S.No Utilization for 1981 1991 Percentage
to total
1. Residence 1024595 1804529 71.13
2. Shop-cum Residence 19155 47729 1.88
3. Shops (excluding eating houses) 90354 143957 5.67
4. Factory/ Workshops/ Worksheds 52877 861070 3.40
5. Factory/Workshop cum 17749 26283 1.03
Residence
6. Hotels/Dharamsalas/Lodges 2099 2734 .11
7. Restaurants/Sweet shops 9688 14163 .56
8. Entertainment and public 882 1399 .06
gatherings
9. Offices/Business houses 16926 28744 1.13
10. Places of worships 2532 3974 .16
11. Residence with other use NA 14374 .57
12. Other non Residential houses. 70234 6898768987 2.72
Total Occupied Houses 1307091 2243043 88.42
Vacant houses 89102 293677 11.58
Total no houses 1396193 2536720 100.00

(C) Housing Requirement as per MPD 2001

(In
lakhs)
S.No Type of new Housing Target 1981--
2001
1 Sites and Services (No. of sites) 4.00
2 Partially / fully built agency housing -
3 Partially and fully built cooperative houses 6.97
4 Slum Housing 0.49
5 Employer Housing 0.65
6 Housing on individual plots 2.75

Slums and JJ Clusters

S.No Item Position on

31.3.2004
1. No. of JJ Clusters 1080
2. No. of Basti Vikas Kendra 238
3. No. of Shishu Vatikas 271
4. No. of Plots developed for relocation of JJ 27682
Clusters
5. No. of Plots allotted to JJ Clusters 27682
6. No. of Night Shelters 22
7. No. of Katras 1573
8. No. of Plots developed under In- Situ – 5022
 Upgradation of JJ Clusters
9. Slum Population (JJ Clusters) Approx. 30 lakhs

House types have vastly changed especially in New Delhi from the traditional
ones, as is apparent in the new colonies sprouting up in Delhi. Though the
walled city still has the traditional types of houses with their inner and outer
courtyards and traditional architecture, they are diminishing and gradually
giving way to modern housing and house types. The new colonies conform to
Western designs of architecture and planning. The rapid growth of
multistoreyed buildings, especially in business and office complexes, is very
apparent.

Infrastructure

Water Supply and Sanitation

S.No Item Position as on

31.3.2001
1. Total no of urban villages of which 135
covered with 135
(i) piped water supply 83
(ii) sewer facilities
2. Total no of regularized – unauthorized 567
colonies of which covered with
(i) Piped supply 556
(ii) Sewer facilities 402
3. Total no resettlement colonies of which
covered with
(i) Piped supply 44
(ii) Sewer facilities 38
4. Total no. of JJ Clusters (Taken over by DJB) 820
5. Total no of unauthorized colonies of which
covered with
(i) Piped water supply 1017
(ii) Skeleton water supply 229
6. Total length of Water Distribution lines (in 8222
kms)
7. Total length of Trunk Distribution lines (in 625
kms)
8. Total length of Internal Sewers 5653
9. Total length of Trunk Sewers 130
10. Total no of Booster Pumping sets 441
11. Total no. Reservoirs 11
12. Total no. of Ranneywells 20
13. Total no. of Tubewells 1872
14. Total no of Water Treatment Plant 5
 functioning
15. Water Supply Capacity MGD 650
16. Total no of Water Treatment Plants 12 + Oxidation Pond
functioning
17. Sewage Treatment Capacity MGD 402.4
18. Consumption of Water in Delhi
(i) No. of Metered connections (in lakhs) 9.94
(ii) No. un metered connections (in lakhs) 3.00
(iii) Water Consumptions Gallons 9942
(in lakhs kilo liters)
(a) Domestic 8451
(b) Commercial / Industrial 1491
(iv) Per capita Consumption of water 51

As generally perceived by communities drinking water is available through

pipes or through handpumps, though water scarcity is acute during summer.
All parts of Delhi are connected by lines of communication, laid and
maintained in a better shape than in many other parts of the country. The
electronic media has reached out to all communities. The public distribution
system has been functioning effectively.

Transport
S.No Items As on 31.11.2000
1. Number of Vehicals
Total No. of Vehicles registered 3424479
(i) No. of cars /Jeeps 904616
(ii) Motor Cycle/ Scooters 2216666
(iii) Auto Rickshaws 86985
(iv) Taxis 18118
(v) Buses 40360
(vi) Goods Vehicles etc. 157934
2. D.T.C As on 31.3.2001
(i) DTC Bus fleet 1932
(ii) Buses on road 1508
(iii) Inter State/Routes covered by DTC 129
(iv) DTC workshops 35
(v) DTC Depots/ Terminals 33
3. Roads (in Kms.) As on 31.3.2000
(i) MCD 23143
(ii) NDMC 1299
(iii) Delhi Cantonment Board 144
(iv) PWD 1400
(v) National Highways 337
Total Roads in Delhi 26323
(vi) No. of ISBT’s 3
(vii) MRTS (Phase I ) (55.3 Km) to be Completed Progressing as
by2005. per Schedule
(viii) Under Ground Car Parking (Nos.) 4
(ix) Motor Driving Schools 2

Industry

S.No As on 31.3.2001
1. No. of Industries 1.37 lakhs
(i) Production Value 6310.00 crore
(ii) Employment 11.36 lakh
(iii) Investment Rs. 2524 crore
2. No. of Small Scale Industries registered 19740
with Industries Department
3. (a) No. of Industrial Estates
(b) No. of Industrial Estates under the 19
control of DSIDC
4. No. of Flatted Factories under the 1297
control of the Industries Department
5. No. of Industrial Plots 28098
6. No. of Industrial Work 5422
sheds/Centers/Spaces as informed by
DSIDC
7. Khadi & Village Industries
(i) Number 6783
(ii) Production Value (Rs. in lakhs) 2862.47
(iii) Sale (Rs. in lakh) 3469.35
(iv) Employment 14554
8. Handloom Industries
(i) Number (Looms) 4000
(ii) Production (Million Mtrs.) 12.60
(iii) Employment 6000
9. Handicrafts
(i) Number (Units) 1100
(ii) Production Value (Rs. in crore) 3.60
(iii) Employment 6600
Registered Working Factories in Delhi

No. of Working Factories 1998-99 (As on 31.12.99)

Private
(a)With Power 6202
(b)Without Power 142
Government
(a)With Power 134
(b)Without Power 05
U/S 85 13
Total 6496

Rural Development

S.No Item Unit 9th plan target As on

31.3.2002 1.3.2001
1 Rural areas as per Sq km 797.66 797.66
1991 census
2 Rural population as (in lakhs) 9.49 9.49
per 1991 census
3 Sex ratio(as per 1991No of 807 807
census) females per
1000 females
4 Density(as per 1991 Sq km 1190 1190
census)
5 Community NO 5 5
development blocks
6 Tehsils NO 27
7 growth centres NO 15 5
under progress
8 Growth points under NO 33 1
progress
9 Multipurpose NO 125 75
community centres
Completed/target
Under progress
12
10 Energy parks NO 10 10
11 Rural area falls under Sq .KM NA 1158
jurisdiction of MCD
12 Community biogas NO NA 31
Plants
13 Rural villages (as per NO 209 209
 census 1991)

State Domestic Product (1999-2000)

(Rs. in Crore)

I Gross state Domestic Product(GSDP) 1999-2000

(i) At Current Prices 53737
(ii) At Constant Prices (1993-94) 36470
II Net state domestic Product
(i) At Current Prices 49037
(ii) At Constant Prices (1993-94) 33006
III Per Capita Income (Rs)
(i) At current prices 35702
(ii) At constant prices 24030

Sectoral Composition of State Income (At Current Prices)

(Rs. in Crore)
S.No Sectors 1999-2000 (Q.)
A. Primary 832
(1.70)%
B. Secondary 8702
(17.74)%
C. Tertiary 39503
(80.56)%
Total 49037
(100.00)%

Trade, Industry & Commerce

Delhi today is the epicenter of industry and commerce: its industrial belt
extends for miles. Trade and commerce are ever on the increase, having
multiplied by leaps and bounds especially during the last decade or so.
Numerous ancillary industries and industrial units have sprung up as well. Delhi
is a dry port and specializes in delivering finished products.

Traditional occupations such as agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry,

etc. have declined with growing urbanization. Members of most communities
are now engaged in self-employment (91.16 per cent), Government and
private service (87.76 per cent), industry (65.27 per cent), business (60.54 per
cent) and trade (51.50 per cent). There are more skilled labourers in Delhi
than elsewhere (25.85 against 12.51), and more industrial labour (19.73 per
cent against 15.75 per cent). Communities engaged in skin and hide work
are located more in Delhi (5.44) than elsewhere (2.89). There was a sharp
increase in the population of both refugees and non-refugees engaged in
industry, manufacture, construction, transport and in the service sector.

Agriculture

S.No Items Units At the end of 8th

Plan
(1996-97)
1. Crops
(i)Total Cropped Area Hectares 48917
(ii) Net Area sown Hectares 40575
2. Floriculture As on 31.3.2001
(i) Total area under floriculture Ha. 4145
3. Total Livestock (As per Census 1997)
(i) Cows No. 95660
(ii) Buffalows No. 203054
(iii) Goats No. 25358
4. No. of Dairy Colonies (MCD) No. 10

Forests

S.No Items Units As on 31.3.2001

1. (a) Area under Forest Cover Sq. Km. 88
(b) Nursery No. 14
(c) Ridge Area Ha. 7777
(d) Asola Bhati Sanctuary Acres 6873
(e) Area of the Asola Bhati Acres 2100
Sanctuary to be rehabilitated
through the Eco Task force of
Defense Ministry

The forest cover has increased from 0.76% of total area in 1980-81 to 1.75% in
1994-95 and 5.93% in 2000-01. Delhi’s mineral resources are primarily sand and
stone which are useful for construction activities. However, the stone quarries
in the Ridge area have been shut down since 1984 on account of
environmental considerations.

• Delhi - The State ( National Capital Territory)

Became state in 1992

o Key bodies for all municipal services: MCD (Municipal

Corporation of Delhi); NDMC (New Delhi Municipal Committee);
Delhi Contonment Board
 o Has 70-member legislative assembly and a 7-member council of
ministers
o Has powers to make laws for any part of territory

The recommendation of the States Reorganization Commission (SRC) was

accepted and Delhi became a Union Territory under the direct
administration of the President. Thus the Legislative Assembly and Council of
Ministers for Delhi ceased to exist w.e.f. 1 November 1956. In line with other
recommendations, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi was constituted under
the provisions of Delhi Municipal Corporation Act 1957.
Under the States Reorganization Act, 1956, Delhi lost its status as a state and
was reconstituted as a Union Territory and its administration became the
direct responsibility of the President of India through an Administrator. In 1966,
under the provision of the Delhi Administration Act, 1966, Delhi came under
the regime of Lieutenant Governor, a Metropolitan Council and an Executive
Council. In November 1993, it became a state with a chief minister
accountable to an elected legislative assembly.
Based on the recommendations of the States Reorganization Commission,
the Municipal Corporation of Delhi was constituted by amalgamating all the
earlier bodies, viz., Notified Area Committees and District Boards. The
functions of the Delhi Joint Water & Sewage Board constituted in 1926, the
Delhi State Electricity Board constituted in 1951 and the Delhi Road Transport
Authority constituted in 1950 were also transferred to the Municipal
Corporation, under statutory Committee, viz., the Delhi Water Supply and
Sewage Disposal Committee, Delhi Electricity Supply Committee and Delhi
Transport Undertaking as provided in the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act,
1957. However, the New Delhi Municipal Committee and Delhi Cantonment
Board set up in 1938 continued as independent entities. The transport services
were taken away from the jurisdiction of Municipal Corporation Delhi in 1971
and assigned to Delhi Transport Corporation created under the Road
Transport Corporation Act, 1950.

Municipal functions in the areas declared as 'development areas' are

performed by the Delhi Development Authority, and on declaration of
cessation of these areas as development areas of Delhi Development
Authority and their reversion to Municipal Corporation Delhi, the services area
also transferred to the concerned agency giving rise to common problems
about deficiency of the services laid and consequential problem of repair,
renovation and maintenance and recovery of deficiency charges.

Thus, as on date, Delhi has 4 bodies looking after the municipal functions, viz.,
Municipal Corporation of Delhi, New Delhi Municipal Council, Delhi
Cantonment Board and Delhi Development Authority for areas declared as
development areas of Delhi Development Authority, with the State
Government having no control and supervision over any of these four bodies.