DELHI - PLANNING

By -
Rakshith Chhatrala
Sobhagya Mittal
Komal Thawrani
Silvi Jhangra
Delhi is the capital of India. The state
is spread over an area of 1483 square
kilometer.
It is the administrative capital and a
major business hub of the country.
Delhi also known as the national
capital territory of India is a
metropolitan region in India.
It has a population of nearly 27 million
residents as of 2014, and is the
largest urban settlement in India by
land area and population.
It is also the 2nd most populous city of
the world.
INTRODUCTION
The latitudinal and longitudinal location of
Delhi are 23.38 degree north and 77.13
degree east. The state stands at the
northern part of India.
LOCATION
TOPOGRAPHY
The topography of Delhi can be divided
into three different parts, the plains,
the Yamuna flood plain, and the ridge.
As per the topography, Delhi is located
on the western fringes of the Gangetic
Plains.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Physical Features

The city of Delhi lies in the fertile Northern Plains of
India. The main features of Delhi are the Aravali hill
ranges and the Yamuna river. The Yamuna is the
main source of drinking water for the citizens of
Delhi. There is a forest cover of nearly 11.5% of the
total area in Delhi. Delhis mineral sources are
primarily sand and stone which are used for
construction activities.
Climate
Delhi has an extreme climate. It is very hot in
summer (April - July) and cold in winter (December
- January). The average temperature can vary from
25
O
C to 45
O
C during the summer and 22
O
C to
5
O
C during the winter. The city witnesses an
average rainfall of 714 mm.
History of Delhi
City of delhi dates back to the time of Lord Ram as its mentioned as
Hastinapur in Valmikis Ramayan.

Its also been mentioned in Mahabharat as Indraprasth (which occupied
present purana qila area).

As mentioned in Mahabharat, Pandavas lead by king Yudhishtir had
abandoned Indraprasth, the mere reason being- a fly was found in the kings
dish, as they thought Indraprasth was deteriorating in terms of hygine.

It is said that Delhi had been abandoned for almost 800 years, before

History of Delhi
Anang Pal a Tuar from Kanuaj, a city which had been sacked by Mohd.
Ghazni, built Delhi in 1052, and reigned undisturbed for a century during
which they constructed city walls, tanks and masonry dams.

In 1151, Chauhan Rajputs conquered Delhi.

In 1193, Prithviraj Chauhan got killed by Mohd. Ghori and Old Delhi passed in
Mohammedans hands and became the capital of invaders.

It is presumed that Delhi was then the most important Hindu city, for 27
temples had been built within its limits.
History of Delhi
Mohd. Ghoris general, Qutb-ud-din-Aibak was
appointed viceroy and he and his successors of
slave dynasty developed Old Delhi.

A century later, the confined area of old delhi
was not able to accommodate the growing
population and sub-urbs stretched out into the
plains of north-east. Later, Mongols invaded
and plundered defenseless sub-urbs.

In 1303, Ala-ud-din-Khilji of Khilji dynasty
entrenched his army at Siri and forced Monglos
to retire. He then constructed the second city,
Siri.
History of Delhi
In 1320, Tughlaq Shah of Tughlaq Dynasty,
being under constant attacks of enemies,
was not content with comparatively low
walls of Old Delhi. So, he built a city,
Tughlaqabad 8 kms eastwards, round a
rocky hill which gave isolation he required.
But there where no water facilities there,
hence, citizens prefered to remain in the
plains.

The large population on open plain
between Old Delhi and Siri was naturally in
a very insecure position. So, Mohd.
Tughalaq found it necessary to construct
walls to join up the two cities on either side;
thus was made the fourth city, Jahanpanah.
History of Delhi
In 1354, Firoz Shah Succeded Mohd.
Tughalaq and constructed a city, Firozabad,
7-8 kms north-east of Siri.

After the Mughul conquest, Sher Shah built
the walls of sixth city, which occupied a part
only of Firozabad.

Finally, the seventh and the last city,
Shahjahanabad was built in 1648 by Shah
Jahan, who pulled down what was left of
Firozabad and of the walls of Sher Shahs
city, to build the walls of his own.
History of Delhi
Hence, The 7 Cities of DELHI:
1. Old Delhi
2. Siri
3. Tughlaqabad
4. Jahanpanah
5. Firozabad
6. Delhi of Sher Shah
7. Shahjahanabad


Delhi became Capital of British India in 1911.

Imperial Delhi Committee was constituted in March 1913 to supervise and manage
the construction and civic affairs of the new British Capital.

Delhi became a Union Territory since November 1956 and was administered by
the President of India .Delhi Development Authority was created under Delhi
Development Act, 1957.

Delhi Administration Act, 1966 was enacted by Parliament and it created a
Metropolitan Council with an Executive Council.

The present set up of the National Capital Territory of Delhi came into force with the
passage of the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 1991 which
came into force in January 1992.
History of Delhi
Reasons of development in Delhi
Delhis population started increasing with the shifting of Capital of
British India from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911.

In order to meet the demands of the growing population, Delhi Development
Authority was created under Delhi Development Act in 1957 .

The Planned development of the city of Delhi was started with the
preparation of the Master Plan for Delhi, promulgated in September 1962,
covering the period upto 1981.

In 1998 Delhi was becoming an education and knowledge hub, with the
increase in the number of institutions, which started with the establishment of
GGSIP university in Delhi which affiliates almost 120 institutions there.
Migration of people from various places started due to establishment of
institutions. Young people moved in search of better institute and learning,
other in search for better jobs in private sector.

From year 2002 to 2011, public transportation system improved very much,
with introduction of metro trains and addition of AC and non-AC buses. For
pedestrians also large number of foot-over bridges and subways were
constructed. This also increased the employment opportunities in public sector.

New Super Speciality Hospitals for Liver, Cancer and Pediatric started
functioning and more Super Speciality Hospital Complexes are ready to make
them functional to provide better secondary and tertiary health care services to
the citizens. This increased temporary migration of people to get better
treatment.
Due to migration of a lot of people, more land was converted into
residential areas and office buildings. So land use is now dominated by
various institutional ,residential and office buildings as compared to
agricultural land.

Since Delhi is the capital of India, it becomes the host of various
international conferences or programmes, like the common wealth games
2010, which increased the number of sports complexes in Delhi leading to
further more migration into the area.

Small cities near Delhi like Noida and Gurgaon are now home of various
multi national companies and corporations increasing more migration in or
near the area.
Master Plan of Delhi - 1962
LANDUSE PLAN WITH DIVISIONS

ONE OF THE MAJOR PRINCIPLE OF
MPD-62 WAS TO SECURE A BALANCED
DEVELOPMENT AND DECENTRALIZATION
OF PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT AND THEIR
RIGHT RELATIONSHIP WITH THE AREAS
HAVING RESIDENTIAL LANDUSE .

WITH THIS OBJECTIVE, THE CITY HAD
BEEN DIVIDED INTO EIGHT PLANNING
DIVISIONS WHICH WERE SELF
CONTAINED IN THE MATTERS OF
EMPLOYMENT, RESIDENTIAL
USE,RECREATIONAL, SHOPPING AND
OTHER IMPORTANT FACILITIES.

THEY WERE FUNCTIONAL UNITS
REFLECTING THEIR OWN PATTERN OF
DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE, AND
HAVING A CERTAIN VALUES.

Master Plan of Delhi - 2001
LANDUSE PLAN WITH ZONES

THE MASTER PLAN FOR DELHI 2001
(MPD-2001) SUBSTANTIALLY
REITERATED THE PLANNING PROCESS,
WHICH HAD BEEN OUTLINED IN THE
MASTER PLAN OF DELHI-1962

MPD-01 ENSURES AN APPROPRIATE
BALANCE BETWEEN THE SPATIAL
ALLOCATIONS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION
OF HOUSING AND EMPLOYMENT,
SOCIAL & PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE,
PUBLIC AND INDIVIDUAL TRANSPORT
AND SHOPPING FACILITIES.

WITHIN THIS MINDFRAME THE UNION
TERRITORY OF DELHI WAS DIVIDED
INTO 15 ZONES WITH EACH ZONE BEING
FURTHER DIVIDED INT SUB ZONES BY
THE RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITY
Factors influencing Planning policies:
Population
Migration
Education
Employment
Transport
Electricity
Density
Economy
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE CITY
Demography:
The study of the composition
of a particular human
population.
POPULATION
Delhi is most populated and the fastest growing city in the
country. As it is the national capital, the biggest Trading centre
and the largest centre for small industries in India ,a large part
of its rapid growth has been due to high level of migration.

The annual average growth rate of population of Delhi is 3.85 as
per census 2001.

It was highest during 1941 to 1951 due to large scale migration
of people from Pakistan to India after partition.
POPULATION (NCT Delhi)
YEAR POPULATION
(in Lakh)
1981 62.2
1991 94.2
2001 138.5
2011 167.5
The rural population, which was 47.24% of Delhis population in 1901
continued to decline to 7.27% in 1981, but increased to 10.07% in 1991.
This reversal of the long term trend during 1981-1991 was due to
mushrooming of unauthorised colonies in rural areas.


0
10
20
30
40
50
1901 1981 1991
POPULATION DENSITY
According to census 2011, average density of population of Delhi is 11297 persons per
sq. Km against the density of population of country is 382 persons per sq. Km. Delhi
has the highest population density among the union territories.
YEAR DENSITY
(Persons/sq.Km)
1981 4,194
1991 6,352
2001 9,340
2011 11,297
Effects of increased density
In Delhi, with the massive increment in density by 3 times
in the last 30 years, there has been a tremendous
pressure on land.
Large number of High-rise structures have come up to
meet the demands of shelter for people.
YEAR TOTAL CONSUMPTION
1980-81 2372
1990-91 6415
2000-01 9287
2010-11 19758
CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY (in million unit)
ELECTRICITY
YEAR TOTAL ROAD LENGTH (km)
1980-81 14316
1990-91 21564
2000-01 28508
2010-11 31183
TOTAL ROAD LENGTH (in kilometers)
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORTATION IN DELHI
Delhi is predominantly dependent on road transport, with the
railways - 1%
Buses - 62%
personal -37% of the total traffic.

Buses constitute only 1.1% of the total number of vehicles.

Among personalized vehicles,
motor cycles , scooters -two third of the total number of vehicles
Cars, jeeps - one fourth of the total vehicles.
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS
Five National Highways pass through the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NH-1,
NH-2, NH-10, NH-8, NH-24).



RAIL NETWORK
There are four major railway stations at New Delhi, Old Delhi, Hazrat Nizamuddin
and Sarai Rohilla besides a Container Depot at Tuglakabad.
There are 8 rail corridors in the National Capital Territory which bring in more than
350 passenger trains and 40 goods trains each day.
RING ROAD
The Ring road, Outer Ring road and the radial roads constitute a distinct feature
of the road network in Delhi.
Ring road has a length of 48 km, out of which 16 km is common with Outer Ring
road and NH-1.
METRO TRAINS
Delhi Metro during 10thand 11th Five Year Plan proved a most convenient and
assured mode of Public Transport for more than 18 lakh commuters each day.
INTERSTATE BUS TERMINALS

During 10
th
and 11
th
five year plan, Re-structuring of DTC with addition of more than
3700 new low floor air-conditioned and non-air conditioned buses and replacement of
Blue-line Bus Service improved the quality of bus transport system.
With the development of two new ISBTs at Sarai Kale Khan and Anand Vihar and the
existing ISBT at Kashmere Gate, three ISBTs are functioning at present.
These three ISBTs care to an average 1.54 lakh passengers and 3300 buses/ trips per
day. Two more ISBTs are proposed to be constructed.

FLYOVERS AND BRIDGES
A special programme for construction of 15 flyovers on Ring Road and outer Ring Road
was started in 1998-99.
Construction work on flyovers at Punjabi Bagh and Raja Garden, started prior to 1998-
99, is in full swing
Construction of more than 50 Flyovers/ ROBs/ RUBs / Grade Separators during 2002-
2007 contributed in better flow of traffic movement along all major roads in the city.
0
50
100
150
200
250
Auto
Rickshaw
Taxis Buses Goods
Vehicles
1980-81
1990-91
2000-01
2011-12
N
o

s

i
n

t
h
o
u
s
a
n
d
s

0
10
20
30
40
50
Cars and Jeeps M.Cycles/scooters
N
o

s

i
n

l
a
k
h
s

Growth of Vehicles in Delhi
HIGHER EDUCATION (No. of Institutions)
EDUCATION
YEAR Universities Deemed
Univ.
Institution of
National
Importance
Colleges for
General
Education
Colleges for
Prof.
Education
2001-02 5 6 2 63 77
2005-06 5 8 2 78 88
2010-11 8 12 3 78 106
Economic Survey found that literacy in Delhi during 1997 was 85%
compared to the national literacy level of 62%. According to this survey,
the male literacy rate in Delhi during 1997 was 91% and the female rate
was 76%, compared to the national literacy rates of 73% for males and
50% for females.

0 50 100
Female Literacy
Male Literacy
Total Literacy
National Delhi
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Fallow land Net Sown Area Area not available
for cultivation
1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2012-13
Trend in land Usage in Delhi (in%)
L
a
n
d

U
s
a
g
e

Land Usage:
-2001

The rate of increase of the Delhi workforce during 1981-91 was 48.85% compared to only
28.42% at the National level. The increase in Delhi was primarily due to migration of
unemployed people from neighbouring states.

The period 1994-97 shows a downward trend in total public sector employment(-1.74%) but
an increase of 1.83% in the private sector.
Public sector Growth rate
Central govt. -1.41%
Govt. of Delhi 1.82%
Quasi govt.
(central + Delhi govt.)
-3.30%
Local bodies -3.09%
Private sector 1.83%
EMPLOYMENT
Percentage of population working in different sector
Report on Fifth Economic Census in Delhi- DPT. Of Economics & Statistics, Delhi
Distribution of Establishments by Major Activity Groups
CITY ECONOMIC PROFILE
Delhi with million plus population has one of the fastest growing economies in
India.
With 15% average compound growth rate Delhi's economy is driven by the
service sector.
Its 78% of GSDP is because of service sector which provide employment to 58% of
labor class.
Per capital income for the year 2011-12 at current prices is estimated as Rs.
175812.
Monthly per capital expenditure of Delhi is Rs. 2905 in urban and Rs. 1761 in
rural.
Future prospectus for Delhi is to make it a world class city and a global
metropolis by 2021. This would necessitate planning and actions to meet
the following challenges
i. Challenge of population growth and in-migration into Delhi.
ii. Provisions of adequate housing particularly for the weaker sections.
iii. Addressing the problems of small enterprises and unorganized
informal sectors.
iv. Dealing with issues of slums
v. Provisions for adequate infrastructure services
vi. Conservation of environment
vii. Preserving Delhis heritage and blending it with new context
viii. And doing all this with a framework of sustainable development and
public private and community participation.
Challenges
Master Plan of Delhi - 2021
LANDUSE PLAN WITH ZONES

MASTER PLAN OF DELHI 2021 CALLS
FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REDEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY FOR ACCOMMODATING A
LARGER POPULATION IN A PLANNED WAY.

IT AIMS AT STRENGTHENING
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
ACCOMPANIED BY CREATION OF MORE
OPEN SPACES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL BY
UNDERTAKING MEASURES FOR
REDEVELOPMENT OF AREAS THAT ARE
EXTREMELY CONGESTED, THEREBY
PROVIDING RECREATIONAL AREAS.

THE NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY
HAS BEEN DIVIDED INTO 15 ZONES FROM
A TO H AND J TO P, OF WHICH 8 ZONES
ARE IN THE URBAN AREA, ONE IN
RIVERBED AND REMAINING 6 IN THE RURAL
AREA.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

i. The Seven Cities of Delhi
by Gordon Risley Hearn
ii. The Master Plan for Delhi 2021
by Vivek Kr. Garg
iii. JNNURM Overview
iv. www.dda.ac.in
THANK YOU!!!