Policy Initiatives- Govt.

of NCT of Delhi

Delhi is the capital of India. Through most of its history, Delhi has served as a capital of various
kingdoms and empires. Delhi is located at 28.61°N 77.23°E, and lies in Northern India. It
borders the Indian states of Haryana on the north, west and south and Uttar Pradesh (UP) to
the east. Two prominent features of the geography of Delhi are the Yamuna flood plains and
the Delhi ridge. The Yamuna, a sacred river in Hinduism, is the only major river flowing
through Delhi. The River Yamuna, separates Ghaziabad from the eastern part of Delhi. The
Delhi ridge originates from the Aravalli Range in the south and encircles the west, northeast
and north-west parts of the city.

The National Capital Territory of Delhi covers an area of 1,483 km2, of which 1114 km2 is
designated as urban, and 369 km2 as rural. It has a length of 51.9 km and a width of 48.48 km.
At its largest extent, there is a population of about 1.68 crore residents as per census 2011. Set
on the both sides of River Yamuna, Delhi is seen as one of the fastest growing cities in India.
The city reflects two sides of a same coin i.e. Old Delhi and New Delhi. New Delhi is a reflection
of modern India with having VVIPs buildings, offices and diplomat zones whereas Old Delhi
gives an incredible picture of traditional and historical values of India. Delhi has a mixed
culture as people of all communities and religions live here. However, English, Hindi, Urdu
and Punjabi are the key languages spoken in the city. Delhi is the largest commercial centre in
northern India. The city has robust growth of infrastructure and economic growth during the
last several years.

The 69th constitutional amendment is a milestone in Delhi’s history. In 1992, Delhi was
declared as the National Capital Territory by the Government of National Capital Territory of
Delhi Act, 1991. Delhi has a complex administrative structure having dual jurisdiction i.e. of
the Union Government and the State Government. There are 11 Districts and 33 Sub Divisions
in Delhi. As per census 2011, there are 110 census towns and 112 villages in NCT of Delhi. The
Delhi metropolitan area lies within the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), which has
five local municipal corporations; North Delhi Municipal Corporation, South Delhi Municipal
Corporation, East Delhi Municipal Corporation, New Delhi Municipal Council and Delhi
Cantonment Board (DCB). The former single MCD serving 95% of the area of Delhi with 98%
of total population got trifurcated in 2012 for better delivery of services to the public into three
smaller Municipal Corporations i.e. North DMC, South DMC and East DMC. The Municipal
corporations handle civic administration for the city.

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Total area of the NCT of Delhi is 1483 square kilometer. With the rapid pace of urbanization,
rural population and area is continuously decreasing as confirmed by successive Census
Reports. The number of urbanized villages has increased from 20 in 1961 to 135 in 2011. The
number of census towns has increased from 3 in 1971 to 29 in 1991, and 110 in 2011. More than
97 per cent of the population was in urban areas in 2011 as compared to 53 per cent in 1901.
This clearly indicates the fast growth of urbanization in the national capital. Delhi‘s rural
population has decreased from 9.49 lakh in 1991 to 4.19 lakh in 2011. This pace of urbanization
has reduced the number of rural villages in Delhi from 300 in 1961 to 165 in 2001 and 112 in
2011.

For the first time since 1951, the decadal growth rate of population in the NCT of Delhi has
declined and recorded at 21.2 percent in 2011 as compared 47.02 percent in 2001. This is
a peculiar feature of Census 2011 of Delhi as in all Census since 1951, the decadal growth rate
of population was more than 50% except in 2001 when it was 47%. The rapid increases in
population has raised density of population from 6352 persons per square kilometer in 1991
to 9340 persons per square kilometer in 2001 and to 11320 persons per square kilometer in
2011.

As per 2011 census, the density of population in Delhi worked out at 11320 persons per square
kilometer as against the national level of 382 persons per square kilometer. Density of
population in Delhi was the highest among all States and Union Territories during the year
2011.

STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT

Delhi is the prosperous state with the second highest per capita income in India. The average
per capita income of Delhi remained more than 3 lakh in three consecutive years i.e. 2017-
18, 2018-19 & 2019-20. Delhi’s per capita income was almost three times of the national
average, both at current and constant prices The per capita income of Delhi at current prices
reached at the level of 358430 in 2018-19 as compared to 322000 in 2017-18 and 295558 in
2016-17. The advance estimate of per capita income of Delhi at current prices during 2019-20
estimated at 389143.

Gross State Domestic Product of Delhi (GSDP) at constant prices recorded at 548304 crore,
during 2017-18 showed a growth of 7.14 per cent over the preceding year. The GSDP of Delhi
at constant prices increased to 590569 crore during 2018- 19 indicating a growth of 7.71 per
cent. The advance estimate of GSDP of Delhi at constant prices during 2019-20 was recorded
at 634408 crore at a growth of 7.42 per cent over 2018-19. Net State Domestic Product
(NSDP) of Delhi at constant prices during 2017-18 was estimated at 492395 crore, recorded a
growth of 6.67 per cent over the previous year. The NSDP of Delhi at constant prices
increased to 529739 crore during 2018-19 at a growth of 7.58 per cent over the previous year.
The advance estimate of NSDP of Delhi during 2019-20 at constant prices calculated at
568265 crore which is estimated to grow at 7.27 per cent over 2018-19.
Delhi’s economy has a predominant service sector with its share of contribution to GSVA
followed by contribution of secondary and Agriculture sectors. More than 84 per cent of
income of Delhi was from service sector, about 14 per cent from secondary sector and about 2
per cent from the primary sector during 2018-19. The tertiary sector plays a pivotal role in the
State economy both in terms of employment generation and contribution to State Income.

PUBLIC FINANCE

Delhi Government’s Revenue Receipts consist of Tax Revenue, Non-Tax Revenue and Grants-
in-Aid from the Centre. The Tax Revenue covers the receipts under SGST/Value Added Tax
(VAT), Stamps and Registration Fees, State Excise and Motor Vehicle Tax. These taxes
together account for 92% of the state government’s total revenue receipts. All components in
tax revenue indicated a higher growth during 2017-18, except for VAT and other taxes & duties
on goods & services, which showed negative growth as most items got subsumed into GST.
The targeted revenue collection for the year 2019-20 (BE) is 49717 crore with the growth of
15.32% over the previous year On the other hand, its Non-Tax Revenue mainly comprises
Interest Receipts, Dividend and Profit from investments and Service Charges/Fees/Fines etc.
from various government departments and various public sector undertakings.
Delhi Legislative Assembly passed the State Goods and Services Act on 31st May 2017 and thus
GST rolled out in Delhi w.e.f 01-07-2017. As a result, erstwhile VAT (excluding items like
petroleum, liquor etc) & other taxes viz Entertainment tax, Luxury Tax and Cable TV tax
subsumed in GST. Trade & Tax Department, GNCTD made all efforts for smooth migration of
all existing VAT dealers in new regime of Goods & Services Tax.

The state government had an outstanding debt of 25338.96 crore in 2007-08, equalling
16.04 percent of its GSDP. At the end of March 2019, the outstanding debt had increased to
32732.33 crore including the non plan loan received during 2013-14 from Government of India
for meeting the outstanding liabilities of DVB/DESU amount of 3326.39 crore. Thus, the
outstanding debt of Delhi Government constitutes 4.22% of GSDP during 2018-19. The major
source of Revenue Receipt of Delhi Government during 2019-20 is its Tax Revenue which was
42500 crore (84.97%) followed by Grants/ Receipts from the Centre at 6717 crore (13.43%)
and Non-Tax Revenue at 800 crore (1.60%). Delhi Government has received Small Saving
Loan of 2800 crore during 2018-19 (Prov.) as against 1906.34 crore in 2017-18.
Delhi has maintained its consistent Revenue Surplus which was 6261.04 crore during 2018-
19 as compared to 4913.25 crore in 2017-18. The budgeted revenue surplus for 2019-20 (BE)
is 4935.69 crore which is 0.58% of GSDP.
Like earlier Central Finance Commissions, Delhi has not been covered under the
recommendations of Fourteenth Central Finance Commission (14th CFC) whose term covers
the period from 2015-16 to 2019-20. Thus, Delhi remains looser on account of the
dispensations recommended by the Fourteenth Central Finance Commission to the States
which include share in Central Taxes, Grant-in-aid for Local Bodies on account of basic and
performance grants and grants for Calamity Relief etc. Delhi only get discretionary grant in-
lieu of Share in Central Taxes which is stagnant at 325 crore since 2001-02.
Financing of Annual Scheme/ Project outlay of Delhi is almost similar to that of other States.
However, Delhi does not get the benefit of the dispensations recommended by the successive
Finance Commissions to the States and also it cannot take resort to Market Borrowing/
Negotiated loan/Provident Fund etc for its budget financing.

EMPLOYMENT & UNEMPLOYMENT

As per Census 2001, population of Delhi was 138.50 lakh. In 2011 census, the population of
Delhi increased to the level of 167.88 lakh which indicate the fact that on an average,
population of Delhi increased at 2.12 per cent per annum during 2001-2011. During the same
period, the proportion of working population to the total population in Delhi increased at the
rate of 0.46 per cent. Female workers constitutes less percentage of workers during 2011 and
it worked out at 14 per cent of workers in Delhi.

The general phenomenon found in most of the urbanized areas is that the percentage of
persons engaged in the primary agriculture sector is very low. Delhi is also showing the same
way, while the persons employed in the service sector and industrial sectors constitute a major
share.

PRICE TRENDS

At national level Wholesale Price Index (WPI) is used to measures changes in prices of
commodities in wholesale market. The current series of WPI reflect the change in wholesale
Prices over a period as compared to the base year (2011-12=100). Consumer price index
(IW) is generally used for measuring the trends of retail prices of the most common items of
daily consumption. Labour Bureau, Shimla has been compiling and releasing consumer prices
index on monthly bases for 78 selected centre / market in India, including Delhi.

The Index is separately prepared for six groups and then combined by assigning weights to
each group. The highest weight is assigned to food group at 43.75 per cent, followed by
miscellaneous at 22.34 per cent, housing at 20.72 per cent, clothing, bedding and footwear at
5.68 per cent, fuel & light at 5.39 per cent and pan, supari, tobacco and intoxicants at 2.12 per
cent respectively.

The annual average consumer price index for industrial workers in Delhi increased from 257
in 2017 to 275 in 2018 registering an increase of 18 points. The increase in consumer price
index for industrial workers in Delhi was recorded at 7.0 per cent during 2018 over 2017. The
average consumer price index (IW) number in All India was recorded at 281 during 2017. The
average consumer price index number (General) in All India was recorded at 295. For
Mumbai, it was 294 followed by Kolkata 278, Delhi 275 and Chennai 269 respectively. The
highest percentage of change was recorded in Delhi at 7.0 per cent.

OUTLAY AND EXPENDITURE

Government of NCT of Delhi has been setting priorities in the allocation of public resources
through its Budget Allocation to enhance effectiveness of planning and to achieve policy goals
and with fiscal prudence, efficiency, integrity and ensuring accountability in use of taxpayer’s
money. GNCTD had introduced the most innovative and comprehensive Outcome Budgeting
system in the Annual Budget 2017-18 soon after the exclusion of “Plan” & “Non-Plan”
classification in budget by the Union Government with an aim to bring a high degree of
transparency and accountability in public spending by linking the budget with final outcomes
and to encourage participatory planning by making the deliverables of Schemes/ Programmes
and projects more result oriented and accessible by the public.
The plan outlay of Delhi increased from 6.3 crore in the First Five year Plan to 90000 crore
in the Twelfth Five Year Plan. During the First (1951-56) to Fifth Five Year Plan (197479), the
plan expenditure was less than the approved outlay for each Five Year Plan. Plan expenditure
was more than the approved outlay during 6th, 7th and 8th Five Year Plan. Expenditure of the
Eleventh Five Year Plan was total at 53478.86 crore, which is 97.95 per cent of the total plan
outlay. Expenditure reported in Twelfth Five Year Plan was 70497.04 crore which is 78.33%
of total plan outlay.

In the financial year 2019-20 Education Sector has continued to be the first priority sector
with maximum share of allocation of 28.96% of the budget allocated for Schemes/Projects
followed with Housing & Urban Development (14.50%), Medical & Public Health (13.93%),
Transport (13.73%) and Social Security & Welfare (12.71%).

The allocation in social service sectors in Delhi increased from 50.74 per cent in 10th Five Year
Plan to 57.85 per cent in 11th Five Year Plan and further to 67.65% in 12th Five Year Plan. This
allocation increased to 72.05% in 2017-18 to 83.60% in 2018-19 & slightly declined to 78.84%
in 2019-20.

ENVIRONMENT

Rapid rise in population and speedy economic development has raised the concern for the
environmental degradation in Delhi because of which Delhi is one of the heavily polluted city
in India, having for instance one of the country’s highest volumes of particulate matter
pollution. Unprecedented scale and speed of urbanization in Delhi and consequent pressure
on physical and social infrastructure has created damaging stress on living environment and
affected the level of pollution adversely.

To reduce air pollution, Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) along with Comprehensive
Action Plan (CAP) and 41 directions issued by CPCB under Air Act are being implemented by
Civic Agencies, Transport Department, Urban Development Department and Traffic Police
and Pollution Control Committee of Delhi. Apart from this, various Court and NGT directions
are being complied with. Air Pollution Control is being monitored at GNCTD as well as the
Government of India level.

Government of NCT of Delhi has taken initiatives to increase forests and tree cover area to
keep the environment green in Delhi. As a result of the initiatives taken by the Government of
NCT of Delhi, forest and tree cover area has been increasing steadily since 1993.The forest and
tree cover area increased to 324.44 sq km in 2019 increasing thereby the share of forests in
the total area to 21.88 per cent. The growth of forests and tree cover has particularly been
monumental post-1997. Delhi has the second-highest tree cover as a percentage of the total
geographical area among states. The overall increase in Delhi’s green cover is a good sign.
Delhi’s green cover has increased from around 20.59% from 2017 to 21.88% during 2019.
During the period from 2017 onwards, Delhi has gone ahead of Kerala and Goa in percentage
of tree cover
Measures that are continuously being taken to Control Air Pollution in Delhi-
 Monitoring and Action against persons for burning of waste material/garbage in open:
Government has undertaken special drive of inspections to prevent air pollution due
to the burning of leaves/garbage in open areas.
 Promotion of Battery Operated Vehicles:- With the view to promote non-polluting e-
vehicles, Govt. has announced subsidy schemes for adopting various kinds of e-vehicles such
as Two-Wheeler, Four-Wheelers and also e-rickshaws. Owners of newly purchased battery
operated 4 wheelers and 2 wheelers are given subsidy by GNCTD @ 2000-5500/- for two-
wheelers and 30000/- to 1,50,000/- for four 30,000/- is given to Battery Operated e-rickshaw
owner, authorized by Transport Department and registered in the NCT of Delhi.
 Prohibition on bursting of Firecrackers: Direction U/S 31(A) of Air (Prevention &
Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 read along with Rule 20 A of Air (Prevention & Control at all
times except on religious occasions has been issued on 08.12.2016. Hon’ble Supreme Court
issued directions via order dated 23.10.2018 in Writ Petition (Civil) No. and harmful effects of
the bursting of Firecrackers.
 Imposition of Change on lights and heavy duty commercial vehicles entering Delhi: In
compliance with the order dated 09.10.2015 and 16.12.2015 of Hon’ble Supreme Court,
Environment Compensation Charge (ECC) is levied on Delhi bound per Hon’ble Supreme
Court directions.
 Greening of City: As per the latest Forest Survey of India Report 2019, the green cover
of Delhi has increased to about 324.44 sq km (21.88% of total area of Delhi) from 26 Sq. Km
in 1997. The increased green cover also acts as a carbon sink. Massive tree plantation drive
was conducted during 2019 involving 19 greening agencies, eco-clubs and RWAs for plantation
of 21.15 lakh tree saplings.
 Hotspots: action plans have been drawn up for identifying and mitigating the local
sources of air pollution so that there is immediate impact on the improvement in the air quality
around these hotspots. The Dy. Commissioners of MCD zones have been made responsible
concerned line agencies have been made members of the execution team on ground so as to
ensure effective coordinated action. The Monitoring Committee had also visited these hotspots
from 08.11.2019 to 11.11.2019 to monitor the implementation of the action plan. Pursuant to
the observations made by the Monitoring Committee while visiting the hotspots such as
Wazirpur, Ashok Vihar, Punjabi Bagh, Dwarka, R.K.Puram, Jahangirpuri, Narela, Mundka,
AnandVihar, VivekVihar and Okhla actions have been taken on the directions of the
Monitoring Committee and the Chief the Monitoring Committee.
New Initiatives by Delhi Government:

 Real Time Source Apportionment Study:

i. Real-time monitoring and sampling of the particulate matter -PM 1, 2.5 and 10.
ii. Identification of the sources of the respective particulate matter based on real time
algorithm that will be developed.
iii. Data analyses and algorithm development for identifying major source categories and
approaches to minimize and improve the Air Quality.
The data collected will be used in developing a model to predict the real time source
apportionment to know the exact sources of the pollutants and their concentration. The
collection of data started in April 2019 and it will continue till March 2020 and the report will
be submitted in June 2020.
The Sample source apportionment study for the months of September to November 2019
shows that major contributors are biomass burning 38%, waste burning 6%, Coal & Industrial
source 38% and contribution from traffic is 14%.
 Greening of an unpaved area: MCDs, NDMC and PWD have proposed for
Greening/paving of central verges/road berms / unpaved.
 Water Sprinkling on roads: MCDs, NDMC and PWD have proposed to augment regular
water sprinkling on roads
INDUSTRIES

The Industrial Policy of Delhi 2010 – 2021 focuses on promotion of knowledge based
industries with priority for skill development and its vision is to make Delhi a hub of clean,
high-technology & skilled economic activities by 2021

The Industrial Policy for Delhi 2010-21 aims to promote transparent and business friendly
environment, promotion of non-polluting and clean industries, promotion of high-technology
and skill industries to keep in-migration of unskilled labour to minimum, to develop world
class infrastructure within planned industrial estates and regularised industrial clusters,
promotion of cluster approach and walk to work concept, wherever possible, to facilitate
business through procedural simplifications and e-governance measures.

There are 8.75 Lakh total establishments operating in Delhi as per Sixth Economic Census
conducted in 2013: out of which, 1.42% in rural areas and 98.58% in urban areas. Sixth
Economic Census registered an annual growth rate of 1.94%, in absolute term 1.18 lakh
establishments increased in Sixth Economic Census 2013 over 5th Economic Census 2005.

As per GSVA Estimates at current prices, income from manufacturing has increased from Rs
18907 crore in 2011-12 to Rs 35889 crore in 2019-20. However, the percentage contribution
of manufacturing to GSVA has decreased from 6.24% in 2011-12 to 4.76% in 2019-20. During
the same period, the contribution of secondary sector to the total GSVA of Delhi has also
increased from 13.09% in 2011-12 to 13.37% in 2019-20.

AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

The percentage distribution of Gross State Value Added (GSVA) of Delhi at 2011-12 prices
showed a declining trend of agriculture and allied sector. More clearly, the percentage
contribution of the agriculture sector to GSVA of Delhi at current prices reduced from 0.94
per cent in 2011-12 to 0.45 per cent in 2019-20

The economy is moving along with rapid urbanization. However, the number of operational
holdings in Delhi increased from 20497 in 2010-11 to 20675 in 2015-16. The increase in land
holdings in Delhi worked out at 0.17 per cent per annum. The operational area of Delhi
decreased from 29628.21 hectares during 2010-11 to 28945.92 hectares during 2015-16. The
total operated area in Delhi shows a decrease of 2.21% as per Agriculture Census 2015-16 as
compared to Agriculture Census 2010-11. The maximum increase in area of operational
holdings of 27.95% is for Small Size Group and maximum decrease of 19.39% is for Medium
Size Group. The reduction in operational area during the last two agricultural censuses in
Delhi was worked out at 0.46 per cent per annum.
The returns from traditional agriculture are presently less attractive as compared to the high
value of commercial horticulture and other high value added agriculture activities. The Govt.
of NCT of Delhi is, therefore, encouraging farmers to take-up vegetables, floriculture
production, mushroom cultivation etc.

There are 49 Govt. Veterinary hospitals, 26 Veterinary Dispensaries, 1 laboratory/ research

A new advisory board namely ‘Delhi Village Development Board (DVDB)’ has been constituted
in place of Delhi Rural Development Board (DRDB) vide Order dated 20.12.2017. The DVDB
has been set up for integrated development of both rural and urban villages in Delhi. Delhi
Village Development Board shall advise the Government on issues connected with the
infrastructure development works in all rural and urban villages of Delhi.

ENERGY

Government of Delhi has introduced power sector reforms in 2002 with the corporatisation
of transmission and generation of power and privatization of distribution of power. There has
been considerable improvement in the power scenario of Delhi in terms of reduction of
transmission and distribution losses, customer services, capacity addition of transmission and
generation of power. The power establishment of Delhi after unbundling of Delhi Vidyut
Board is shared by Generation Companies (Indraprastha Power Generation Company Limited
(IPGCL) and Pragati Power Corporation Limited (PPCL), transmission by Delhi Transco
Limited, and five DISCOMs (BYPL, BRPL, TPDDL, NDMC and MES).

The number of electricity consumers in Delhi has grown by 74.81% during the last ten years
(from 2008-09 to 2018-19). The electricity consumers has increased 19.47 lakh consumers
from 2010-11 to 2018-19. The total power purchase in Delhi has grown by 37.97% during
the last ten years (from 2008-09 to 2018-19). The power purchased in Delhi has increased
from 32744 MU in 2010-11 to 35481 MU in 2018-19 While 14.96% of total power purchase
is sourced from own generation by Delhi Govt. Power Plants, 85.04% is purchased from
Central Govt. and other sources.
Delhi Transco Limited is the State Transmission Utility of the National Capital Territory of
Delhi. It is responsible for transmission of power at 220KV and 400KV level, besides up
gradation operation and maintenance of EHV Network as per system requirements. After the
enactment of Electricity Act 2003, a new department: State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC)
under Delhi Transco Limited was created, as an Apex body to ensure integrated operation of
the power system in Delhi. Earlier the SLDC was part of O&M Department of Delhi Transco
Ltd / Delhi Vidyut Board. SLDC Delhi started its function on the 1st of January 2004. SLDC is
responsible for the real time Load Despatch function, SCADA System and Energy Accounting.
Its mission is to facilitate intra and inter-state transfer of power in coordination with NRLDC
(Northern Regional Load Despatch Centre) with Reliability, Security and Economy on sound
commercial principles.

Delhi Transco Limited has power transmission network consisting of four number of 400 KV
and thirty five 220 KV substations and associated with transmission lines. The existing
network consists of 400 KV ring around the periphery of Delhi interlinked with the 220 KV
network spread all over Delhi. It has total transformation capacity of 5410 MVA at 400 KV
level and 13180 MVA at 220 KV level upto the 2018-19. The total transmission line length in
Ckt. Km. is 249.192 at 400 KV level and 824.15 at 220 KV level.

Government of NCT of Delhi has established an Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Management Centre (EE&REMC) to implement the program of the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy (MNRE), Govt. of India. As such, EE&REMC has got a functional
framework devoted to comprehensive and multi-disciplinary institutional objectives and
orientation encompassing all aspects of energy, with a focus on energy-environment-
development interactions. It is proposed to develop New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC)
area as Solar City by installing SPV panels on rooftop of Govt. buildings, Metro Stations, Bus
Stops, etc. Govt. of India approved for installation of Grid Connected Rooftop Projects in NCT
of Delhi. All the grid connected solar projects have contributed to nearly 118.35 MW of power
in Delhi till December 2018.

Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste is very challenging issue. In order to overcome this problem
‘Waste-to-Energy’ Plants are being set-up at various locations in Delhi to generate electricity.
In this line, setting up of ‘Waste-to-Energy’ plants at Tehkhand (25 MW) is under progress, 15
MW WTE plant at Bhalswa is proposed and 8 MW expansion of existing WTE plant at
Ghazipur has also been planned.
The total installed capacity of renewable energy (Solar + WTE) in Delhi is 214 MW as on
31.01.2020.

TRANSPORT

The capital city of India has a well-developed transportation network. In fact this network is
the main lifeline that ensures that people in the city can travel without delay and hassle. Delhi
is a hub for personal motorized vehicles in India. In Delhi the number of vehicles is estimated
to increase from 39 lakh in 2000 to 113.90 lakh in 2018.

Public transport in Delhi has two major components viz. bus transport and metro rail. These
two major transport systems are playing a vital role in facilitating public transport in Delhi. In
fact, both the systems are the life line of the people of Delhi. At present, the daily ridership of
Delhi Metro is 25.97 lakhs in year 2018-19. Ridership on Metro Rail is further expected to
increase after completion of the final stage of construction of DMRC‘s Phase-III, additional
corridors and NCR extensions 65.1 Kms length of Metro line has been completed under Phase-
I. 124.93 Kms length has been completed under Phase-II. Phase-III, additional corridors and
NCR extensions comprises 160 Kms route length with 109 stations (including 42.496 Kms of
route length with 30 stations of NCR), of which 157.94 Kms have already been commissioned
in stages from June, 2014 to October, 2019. Remaining Mayur Vihar Pocket-I to Trilokpuri
stretch is scheduled to be completed in September, 2020 and Extension to Dhansa Bus Stand
is scheduled in December, 2020. After completion of Phase IV, the total length of Metro Line
in Delhi including NCR will be about 453.96 Kms. 51.

The total number of motor vehicles on road in NCT of Delhi as on 31st March 2019 was 113.92
lakh, showing 3.69 percent growth from the previous year. The number of vehicles per
thousand in population increased considerably from 317 in 2005-06 to 598 in 2017-18.
52. DTC is the largest public transport entity in the NCR. DTC operates 3951 buses on 453 city
routes and 8 NCR routes. DTC has also been operating International Bus Service on Delhi –
Lahore & Delhi – Kathmandu. Daily average passenger was about 30 lakh during 2017-18.
However, daily average passenger ridership on DTC and cluster buses is 43 lakh. Common
Mobility Cards have been implemented in all DTC Buses. Automated fare collection system
through electronic ticketing machines is being rolled out.

WATER SUPPLY & SEWAGE

As per 2011 Census, 81% of total households were provided piped water supply, 14%
households through tube wells/ deep bore hand pumps/ public hydrants and remaining 5%
households from other sources like river, canal, ponds, tank, spring, etc.

Delhi being a city-state depends on resources from other states. The city being located in a
semi-arid zone, depends to a great extent on raw waters from the Ganga basin, Yamuna sub-
basin, Indus-basin, in addition to its own internal aquifers and groundwater resources. Delhi
depends on neighbouring states to meet around 50 percent of its resident‘s drinking water
demands. Political considerations remain a very serious challenge. The growing need for water
is very fast with the rapid pace of urbanization. The distance between the source of water and
destination increases the possibility of leakage and pilferage. Loss of treated water is around
30 per cent. It increases the cost of the water supply. Excessive drawing of water from bore
wells has resulted in the depletion of groundwater which is aggravated with an inadequate
monsoon. The status of non-revenue water is around 50 per cent. DJB does not have enough
resources to meet the cost of water supply and sewerage infrastructure required for a growing
population. The growth of the city beyond reasonable limits imposes an unbearable strain for
provisioning of two basic services: water and sanitation.
Delhi Jal Board has improved its governance and undertook a number of measures for proper
demand-side planning, efficient management of water distribution, water audit and proper
water accounting. A transparent tanker water distribution system using GPS/GPRS with
schedules of operation has been made available online for elimination of unscrupulous private
tankers charging exorbitant rate. DJB has launched “Seva App” for bill generation, online
payments and the resolution of inflated bills to deliver efficient and transparent services. Delhi
Jal Board has taken several steps to minimize leakage losses, leak detection and investigation
(LDI) cell was set up. There were several other revenue generating measures such as ads on
waer tankers, renting out property and tap solar power, Innovations/ new schemes like water
ATMs, “toilet to tap” and GPS-tracking of DJB water tankers.
All domestic consumers of Delhi Jal Board consuming water up to 20 KL per month and
having functional water meters are being given 100 % subsidy and fully exempted from
payment of water bills w.e.f 01.03.2015. DJB had collected 1719.81 crore against estimated
revenue of 1841.25 crore upto March 2018 with collection efficiency of 93.40% during 2017-
18.
The water supply treatment plants of Delhi Jal Board treated 851 MGD surface water and 86
MGD ground water as on March, 2019.

HOUSING & URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Housing and Urban Development are the priority sectors in the development planning process
of Delhi. Delhi Government is only one of the many players in the Housing Sector because
land, land development and public housing are under the jurisdiction of the Delhi
Development Authority. However, with the launching of Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban
Renewal Mission (JNNURM), Delhi Government has now been engaged in the construction
of houses for economical weaker sections. Delhi accounts for around 0.05 per cent of India‘s
geographical area and 1.39 per cent of its population. It is overwhelmingly urban with 75 per
cent of its area and 98 per cent population falling under urban jurisdiction as in 2017. The
decadal growth in population was 21.2 per cent during 2001-11 and the population density
(urban) is very high at about 14,698 per square kilometre. The rate of in-migration has been
stabilising, yet the city continues to be a preferred destination for significant numbers seeking
a livelihood. Around 100,000 persons in-migrate into the city every year.

About one-third of Delhi lives in sub-standard housing, which includes 695 slum and JJ
Clusters, 1797 unauthorized colonies, old dilapidated areas and 362 villages. These areas often
lack safe, adequate housing and basic services. Highly urban character of Delhi exerts
tremendous pressure on public delivery of services/civic infrastructure systems like water
supply, sewerage and drainage, solid waste management, affordable housing, health and
educational facilities etc. and poses a great challenge for the city government. Growth of
slums, unauthorised colonies and encroachments remain permanent challenges as rate of
construction is inadequate compared to growing demand for housing. Continuous flow of
migrants tends to aggravate the problem.

Delhi Government has recently planned to develop few In-situ rehabilitation projects for the
relocation and settlement of slum and Jhuggi Jhopri dwellers through private developers.
Once this project becomes successful, the same is to be replicated at various places.

A comprehensive redevelopment plan has been prepared for maintaining the original heritage
character and to improve the environment in the walled city area.
EDUCATION
Delhi has a variety of good quality schools, colleges and universities as well as centers for
research and higher education. Its literacy rate at 86.2 per cent is substantially higher than the
all India average of 73 per cent. Although there is gender gap in literacy, it has declined
moderately over the years from 12.62 per cent in 2001 to 10.1 per cent in 2011. The literacy
rate in Delhi is, however, still lower than the States like Kerala (94.0%), Mizoram(91.3%),
Tripura (87.2%).
Delhi Govt. has total of 1229 government and government aided schools in Delhi, which is
21.46% of the total schools running in Delhi, whereas, the share of enrollment in government
and government aided schools is 37.27% of total enrollment of all schools in Delhi during
2018-19.

As per DISE Repot-2017, during 2016-17, the Gross Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education
in Delhi was 109.9 % as compared to 95.12% at all India level. Net Enrollment Ratio has
improved over the years from 77.80 in 2007-08 to 92.55 in 2016-17. Delhi’s position in NER
during 2015-16 is 93.26 which is much higher than the National Average of 83.62. NER at
the National level is on a decreasing trend during 2007-08 to 2016-17.

As per the State Budget Analysis Report of RBI, it may be gathered that Govt. of NCT of Delhi
has continuously been investing the highest share of its budget in the education sector among
all states. During 2019-20, Delhi was at the top with 25.3% of its budget estimates earmarked
for the education sector followed by Assam (20.7%).The National Average was 14.8% in 2019-
20.
05 Schools of Excellence have become functional from 2018-19. Happiness curriculum has
been implemented in all the 1027 schools of DoE benefitted 7.88 lakh students. 761 Special
Training Centers (STCs) have been set up to mainstream the out of the school children.

Incubation centers established in 11 institutions. 122 incubatees / start-up are at work in

MEDICAL & PUBLIC HEALTH

Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) under the Health & Family Welfare
Department, Government of NCT of Delhi, is the agency committed to provide better health
care. It coordinates with other government and non-government organizations to deliver
medical facilities in Delhi. As on 31st March 2019, there were 88 Hospitals, 7 Primary Health
Centers, 1432 Dispensaries, 251 Maternity Homes & Sub Centers, 55 Polyclinics, 1172 Nursing
Homes, 167 Special Clinics and 17 Medical of primary health care having 832 (58% )
dispensaries as on date including 180 Allopathic Dispensaries, 338 Aam Aadmi Mohalla
Clinics (pilot + regular), 60 Seed Primary Urban health Centers (PUHC), 44 Ayurvedic, 22
Unani & 105 Homeopathic Dispensaries, 24 Mobile Clinics, 59 School Health Clinics.

The total sanctioned bed capacity of medical institutions in Delhi was 57709 as on 31st March
2019 available in 1291 (Govt./Pvt.) Medical Institutions (hospitals) in Delhi. Delhi has also
showed the highest private sector participation in health sector.

Important vital indicators like Infant Mortality Rate, Neo-Natal Mortality Rate, Under Five
Mortality Rate in respect of Delhi stand at lower levels as 18, 12, and 22 in comparison to All
India levels viz 34, 24, 39 respectively. Similarly, the total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.6 in Delhi,
is among the lowest in India (All India level – 2.3) which indicates the achievement of the
replacement rate. On the same lines, the crude death rate of 4.0 in Delhi is the lowest in the
country and 2nd highest life expectancy of 73.8 years.

However, maternal & child health care services need to be strengthened to achieve 100%
institutional births, universal immunization coverage and ANC. The proportion of
institutional deliveries was 86.74 per cent. Similarly, percentage of fully immunized children
was 86%. It suggests that these proportions are improving and all essential measures be
adopted to achieve the goals of universal immunization and ANC.

Important health programmes under National Health Mission focused at reproductive and
child health, control of TB, Leprosy, etc are being implemented in Delhi through Delhi State
Health Mission. Delhi AIDS Control Society is implementing the programme of NACP.
Directorate of AYUSH ensures provision of health care services of ISM & Homeopathy.

SOCIAL SECURITY & WELFARE

For empowerment and welfare of women and children, is implementing some major projects
like Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), Ladli Yojana, schemes for Adolescent girls,
Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS), financial assistance to widows for marriage of
their daughters and orphan girls for their marriage etc. There are hostels facilities being
provided to working women in Delhi. There is Delhi Commission for Women set up in Delhi
under which Mahila Panchayats are working for counselling and giving legal advice to the
women those who are in distress.

The Delhi Government has enhanced the honorarium for Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) from
5000/- p.m. to 9678/- p.m. and for Anganwadi Helpers (AWHs) from 2500/- to 4839/- p.m.
from August 2017.
The government of Delhi started the Ladli Scheme in January 2008. The main objective of this
scheme is to promote the socio-economic development of the girl child by providing education
linked financial education. Eligibility conditions are that the girl child is born in Delhi
Delhi Government is providing coaching to economically disadvantaged Scheduled Caste (SC)
candidates to enable them to compete in competitive examinations and succeed in obtaining
an appropriate job under ―Jai Bhim Mukhyamantri Pratibha Yojana.

Various Welfare schemes for Students belonging to SC/ST/OBC are being implemented by the
Government like financial assistance for the purchase of stationery, reimbursement of tuition
fees and scholarship to students etc. through the Department for the welfare of SC/ST/OBC.

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION

Public Distribution System is an important government intervention for the supply of food
grains to the poor at a subsidized price. Delhi is one of pioneering state to implement the
National Food Security Act, 2013 w.e.f. 1st Sept 2013, soon after the enactment of NFSA, 2013
by the Government of India.

Public Distribution network of GNCTD comprising of 2057 FPS across the Delhi catering to
69.02 lakh population through 17.17 lakh food security cards as on 31st March 2019. These
food security cards are Aadhar enabled. At Present there are 2016 FPS providing food grains
to 70.97 lakh beneficiaries through 17.49 lakh food security cards as on February, 2020.
The government has designated the Delhi Public Grievance Commission as State Food
commission for effective and timely redressal of grievances of beneficiaries. Many reform
measures are taken by GNCTD to make the PDS more transparent like Ration Card Portability
Services, issuing SMS alert to the beneficiaries.

TRADE AND COMMERCE

Trade and commerce have played a pivotal role in promoting the growth of Delhi’s economy
by making a significant contribution in terms of tax revenues and providing gainful
employment to a large section of the society. Delhi is the biggest trade and consumption centre
in North India. Delhi distinguishes itself as a centre for entry port of trade which means that
large part of its economic activity is concerned with the redistribution of goods produced
elsewhere and imported for local sales as well as for export to other states i.e. interstate sales.
It has attained the status of a major distribution centre by virtue of its geographical location
and other historical factors, availability of infrastructure facilities etc.

The income from trade, hotels and restaurants in Delhi constituted 97414 crore during 2019-
20 (AE) at current prices, which is nearly 12.96 per cent of Gross State Value Added of Delhi
(the base year 2011-12). More clearly this sector’s contribution to Gross State Value Added of
Delhi during the last nine years was more than 12 per cent.

POVERTY LINE

Poverty is a situation where the individual or communities lack resources, ability and
environment to meet the basic needs of life. It indicates a status wherein a person fails to
maintain the living standard adequate for a comfortable lifestyle. As per the Planning
Commission Report based on NSS 68th Round, the poverty line was estimated at 1145 per
capita per month for rural and 1134 per capita per month for urban Delhi, as against the
national level of 816 for rural and 1000 for urban India respectively in the year 2011-12. The
number of persons below poverty line in Delhi during 2011-12 was estimated at 16.96 lakh and
it worked out to 9.91% of total population of Delhi.

Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Delhi is publishing a report titled ―Level and Pattern
of Household Consumer Expenditure of Delhi‖ on the basis of sample surveys conducted under
National Sample Survey Organizations Rounds from time to time. As per NSS 68th round
(July 2011- June 2012) report, per capita expenditure in Delhi is 3726.66 comprising 1461.54
on food items and 2265.12 on non-food items.

TOURISM IN DELHI

85. Delhi is sprinkled with dazzling gems: captivating ancient monuments, fascinating
museums and art galleries, architectural wonders, a vivacious performing-arts scene, fabulous
eating places and bustling markets. With its rich and diverse cultural heritage, Delhi is also
used as a gateway for travelling to cities of India. The capital of India is one of the key arrival
destinations for both foreign and domestic tourists. The state is among the top tourist
destinations in the country. The capital boasts of some great heritage sites within and near the
city. Delhi also generates income from the tourism sector. Tourists from all over the world
come to Delhi, not only to visit the capital but the areas surrounding it.
86. Delhi Tourism organizes a number of fairs and festivals in Delhi. Delhi Tourism also runs
Dilli Haat INA, Dilli Haat Pitampura and Dilli Haat Janakpuri (Food & Craft Bazaar) and
Coffee Homes. Delhi Tourism also has a garden known as the ‗Garden of Five Senses‘.

87. With an objective to promote tourism in and around the capital city, DTTDC has been
playing the role of catalyst and been taking various proactive steps in making the city a tourist
friendly-destination under Branding Delhi. There is a need to initiate steps to market Delhi
more effectively and in a strategic manner on the lines of other state tourism boards.17,800
tourists stayed in gold category rooms and 82,600 tourists stayed in silver category rooms
under the scheme Bed & Breakfast‘ during 2017-18. 15936 Tourists stayed in Gold category
rooms and 72,542 tourists stayed in Silver category rooms upto December, 2018 during 2018-
19.

NEW INITIATIVES OF DELHI GOVERNMENT

88. Green Budget Implementation: The Government of Delhi has passed a Green Budget
wherein provisions have been made for providing a subsidy to the following:
 Conversion of industries to PNG – Cabinet has approved the policy to offer an incentive
to industries in approved industrial areas of upto 1 lakh to switch over to piped natural
gas from existing polluting fuels on 04.09.2018 and DPCC issued office order for
implementation.
  Conversion of coal based Tandoors to Gas based - Cabinet has approved the policy to
offer a subsidy of upto 5,000/- per Tandoor to Restaurant to replace coal Tandoor with
electricity or gas based tandoors on 04.09.2018 and DPCC issued office order for
implementation.

Also, a real-time source apportionment study in partnership with the University of

(Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2019-20)