Understanding Culture,

Society and Politics

Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Examine the Concept,
Characteristics and Forms of
Stratification Systems Using
Sociological Perspectives
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Examine the Concept, Characteristics and forms of Stratification
Systems Using Sociological Perspectives
First Edition, 2020

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Dr. Quirpatcik M. Gallo
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Reviewers: Librado F. Torres and Normina B. Hadji Yunnos
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Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 9:
Examine the Concept,
Characteristics and Forms of
Stratification Systems Using
Sociological Perspectives
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics for Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Examine the Concept, Characteristics
and Forms of Stratification Systems Using Sociological Perspectives!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics for Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Examine the Concept, Characteristics
and Forms of Stratification Systems Using Sociological Perspectives!

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depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
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this module.

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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module discusses the concept, characteristics and forms of stratification systems using
sociological perspectives.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. understand the different social desirables as explained by Karl Marx and Max Weber;
2. analyze the different social classifications and how one moves from one class to
another;

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 Lesson Stratification System

In the last module that you have undertaken, you have learn about functions and
importance of education. On that module, you were able to recognize that education is not
only confined to industrialized countries but also to the developing countries, it is equally
important and beneficial for the entire world. Education provide assistance and support to
less developed countries and motivate them for achieving growth. Education involves
knowledge acquisition, learning skills, and enhancing or polishing abilities and attributes.
Education is recognized worldwide as beneficial for individuals and encourage the national
and economic development.

What’s In

DIRECTIONS: Complete the graphic organizer by identifying the Functions of Education

based on the previous module that you studied.

FUNCTIONS
OF
EDUCATION

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 What is It

Meaning of Stratification
Social stratification is the classification of people into socioeconomic class, based upon their
occupation and income, wealth and social status. Stratification is the relative social position
of people within a social group, category, geographic region, or social unit. Social stratification
is distinguished as three social classes: the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class;
in turn, each class can be subdivided into strata: the upper-stratum, the middle-stratum, and
the lower stratum. Social stratum can be formed upon the bases of kinship or caste, or both.

Social desirables are resources considered valuable by societies. These resources may be
tangible or intangible. Sociologist may focus on any of these resources as the basis of their
theoretical perspective on social inequality. In short, the recognition of the existence of these
social desirables is what brings together the sociological camps.
Generally, prestige, power, and wealth are three important social desirables. It describes the
social standing of individuals relative to others. Social standing reflects persons’ worth and
access to social, political, and symbolic capital. Sociologists have different vies as to what
constitute social class. Karl Marx looked at it in terms of wealth produced in relation to the
ownership of the means of production. Wealth may refer to money, properties, and similar
tangible resources.
Max Weber, on the other hand, differentiates them into three: wealth, power, and prestige.
Individual’s social standing can be measured, all at once, based on their relative access to
these three.

Bases of Class According to Karl Marx and Max Weber

KARL MARX MAX WEBER

ECONOMIC STATURE POWER WEALTH PRESTIGE

Material prosperity, ownership Political or social Material Widespread respect

of the means of production authority or prosperity and admiration felt
control, for someone due to
especially that his or her
which is achievements or
exercised by a quality
government

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Social mobility refers to changes of individuals, families, households, or other
categories of people within or between social class in a society. It is a change
in social status relative to one's current social location within a given society.

Types of Social Mobility

1. Horizontal mobility
This happen when a person changes their occupation but their overall social standing
remains unchanged.

2. Vertical mobility
It is a change in the occupational, political, or religious status of a person that causes
a change in their societal position. A person or social object moves from one social
class to another.

3. Upward mobility
It is when a person moves from a lower position in society to a higher one. It can also
include people occupying higher positions in the same societal group. However,
upward mobility, while seen as a good thing, can also come at a cost for individuals.

4. Downward mobility
It takes place when a person moves from a higher position in society to a lower one. It
happen when someone is caught performing a wrongful act that can result in the loss of
the position they currently hold.

5. Inter-generational mobility
This happen when the social position changes from one generation to another. The
change can be upward or downward.

6. Intra-generational mobility
Change in societal position occurs during the lifespan of a single generation. It can
also refer to a change in position between siblings. One way is when a person climbs
up the corporate ladder in their career.

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 Some Issues Relative to Social Stratification

Wealth and Income Ethnicity Gender and People with

Sexual Disabilities
Orientation (PWD)
In the Philippines, there are Ethnic groups Woman have These people are
92.3 million Filipinos lives below are also facing always been also discriminated
poverty line because of the discrimination. coerce by and their physical
country’s economic and social Aside from societies that impairments
inequality. According to the cultural have a structural become basis of
ASEAN Trade Union marginalization bias because of denial and equal
Council, the Philippines has the that they suffer cultural beliefs. opportunity in
highest rate of economic and from the Men are seen in employment. They
social inequality in Southeast dominant many cultures as do not enjoy the
Asia, and unless action is taken, cultural natural leaders benefits that abled
the gap will continue to widen. majorities, and conformed persons receive.
The 4 major causes of income where their more social and
inequality in our country are: cultural political rights.In
practices are some culture,
1. the rising proportion of subjects of women cannot
urban households ridicule and own property,
2. age distribution changes their physical and they cannot
3. increasing number of appearances drive their own
highly educated and demeanor car. Woman also
household ear for them experienced
4. wage rate inequality. over forms of harassment in
discrimination the work place
through and become
stereotypes and victim of sexual
end up as harassment and
victims of violence. A
development similar situation
aggression. is being
Their ancestral experienced by
land are either lesbian, gay,
forcibly taken bisexual, and
away from them transgender
in the guise of (LGBT) people.
development They are often
projects like subjected to
government discrimination
infrastructures and ridicule by a
or dumping site society that
for toxic waste. considers them
aberrations or
forms of deviancy.

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References

Books
Arcilla-Serapio, Ma. Perpetua (2016). Understanding Society, Culture & Politics,
MINDSHAPERS CO., INC.
Contreras, Antonio P., PhD. (2016). Understanding Society, Culture &Politics,PHOENIX
PUBLISHING HOUSE, INC.

Electronic
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/other/social-mobility/

https://study.com › academy › lesson › what-is-social-inequality-in-sociology-definition-

effects-causes.html
https://www.scholastic.com › teachers › articles › teaching-content › ethnic

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