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    Module 1.4 - DEFINITE INTEGRAL

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    J Kim
    The definite integral calculates the area under a curve between two bounds or limits. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus states that the definite integral from a to b of a function f(x) is equal to the antiderivative F(x) evaluated between the same bounds - or F(b) - F(a). Definite integrals have properties such as linearity and adding/subtracting integrals over adjacent regions. Examples show how to set up and evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

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    Module 1.4 - DEFINITE INTEGRAL

    Uploaded by

    J Kim
    9 views2 pages
    The definite integral calculates the area under a curve between two bounds or limits. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus states that the definite integral from a to b of a function f(x) is equal to the antiderivative F(x) evaluated between the same bounds - or F(b) - F(a). Definite integrals have properties such as linearity and adding/subtracting integrals over adjacent regions. Examples show how to set up and evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

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    Module 1.4_DEFINITE INTEGRAL

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    The definite integral calculates the area under a curve between two bounds or limits. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus states that the definite integral from a to b of a function f(x) is equal to the antiderivative F(x) evaluated between the same bounds - or F(b) - F(a). Definite integrals have properties such as linearity and adding/subtracting integrals over adjacent regions. Examples show how to set up and evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views2 pages

    Module 1.4 - DEFINITE INTEGRAL

    Uploaded by

    J Kim
    The definite integral calculates the area under a curve between two bounds or limits. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus states that the definite integral from a to b of a function f(x) is equal to the antiderivative F(x) evaluated between the same bounds - or F(b) - F(a). Definite integrals have properties such as linearity and adding/subtracting integrals over adjacent regions. Examples show how to set up and evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    DEFINITE INTEGRAL

    Definite Integral is an integral expressed as the difference between the values of the integral at
    specified upper and lower limits of the independent variable.

    The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus:

    If the function 𝑓(𝑥) called the integrand is continuous on the interval 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏

    then
    𝐛
    ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 = 𝐅(𝐛) − 𝐅(𝐚)
    b
    where: F(x) is any antiderivative of f(x) on 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏 ]> F(x ) = F(b) – F(a)

    a
    a and b are called the lower limit and b the upper limit of integration, respectively

    NOTE:

    The definite integral is a specified number while the indefinite integral is a family of functions.

    Remember to compute both F(b) – F(a) , even when a = 0

    Properties of the Definite Integral. The following properties are easy to check:
    Theorem. If f (x) and g(x) are defined and continuous on [a, b], then we have the following
    linearity principle for the integral:
    𝐛 𝐛
    1. ∫𝐚 𝐤𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 = 𝐤 ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 . k is constant
    𝐛 𝐛 𝐛
    2. ∫𝐚 [(𝐱) + 𝐠(𝐱)]𝐝𝐱 = ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 + ∫𝐚 𝐠(𝐱)𝐝𝐱)
    𝐛 𝐛 𝐛
    3. ∫𝐚 [(𝐱) − 𝐠(𝐱)]𝐝𝐱 = ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 − ∫𝐚 𝐠(𝐱)𝐝𝐱)
    𝐚
    4. ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)]𝐝𝐱 = 𝟎
    𝐛 𝐚
    5. ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)]𝐝𝐱 = − ∫𝐛 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱
    𝐛 𝐜 𝐛
    6. ∫𝐚 𝒇(𝐱)]𝐝𝐱 = ∫𝐚 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱 + ∫𝐜 𝐟(𝐱)𝐝𝐱)

    EXAMPLES: Evaluate the following definite integral


    𝟒
    1. ∫𝟏 (4𝑥 + 7)dx
    SOL’N: The antiderivative of 4x + 7 is 2x2 + 7x
    𝟒
    ∫𝟏 (4𝑥 + 7)dx = [ 2x2 + 7x ] = [2(4)2 + 7(4)] - [2(1)2 + 7(1)] = 51
    𝟎
    2. ∫−𝟏(3 − 2𝑥)dx
    SOL’N: The antiderivative of 3 - 2x is 3x - x2

    𝟎
    ∫−𝟏(3 − 2𝑥)dx = [3x - x2 ] = [3(0) - (0)2 ] - [3(-1) - (-1)2 ] = 4

    2
    3. ∫1 (2𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥

    SOL’N

    = 23/3

    EXERCISES:
    3
    1. ∫2 4(𝑥 3 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ANSWER: 85

    2
    2. ∫0 3(3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥 ANSWER: 66

    8 4
    3. ∫1 3 𝑑𝑥 ANSWER: 18
    √x

    4
    4. ∫1 −2(𝑥 −1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 ANSWER: 42 – ln16

    ᴫ/2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
    5. ∫0 𝑑𝑥 ANSWER: ᴫ/2 - 1
    1+sin 𝑥

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