Lecture 1 A
Lecture 1 A
Lecture 1 A
Prabagarane.N
prabagaranen@ssn.edu.in
Session Meta Data
Author Prabagarane N
Reviewer
Version Number 1
2 v1
Revision History
3 v1
Syllabus
UNIT I PROPAGATION IN WIRELESS CHANNELS
TEXT BOOK:
Andreas F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, John Wiley India, Second Edition, 2013.
Rappaport T.S, Wireless communications, Pearson Education, Second Edition, 2014.
REFERENCES:
Gordon L. Stuber, Principles of Mobile Communication, Springer International Ltd., Fourth Edition, 2017.
Rappaport T.S, Wireless communications, Pearson Education, Second Edition, 2014.
Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Simon Haykin & Michael Moher, adapted by David Kovilpillai, Modern Wireless Communications,
Pearson Education, 2011.
David Tse and Pramod Vishwanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, Cambridge University
Press, 2005
4
OBJECTIVES
5 v1
OUTCOMES:
6 v1
Motivations
Recent Development
– Cellular system: 3G, 4G, video, game,
– WIFI everywhere
– WIMAX, next generation metropolitan web for
business
– UWB, no cables
– Bluetooth, small devices connections
7 v1
Job Market
– Probably one of most easy and high paid majors
recently
– Intel changes to wireless
Research Potential
– One-to-one communication has less room to go, but
multiuser communication is still an open issue.
8 v1
International Labs
9 v1
University of -Communication Research group
Southampton
Vienna Univ of Tech -Mobile Communication Group
Swiss Federal Institute -Communication Technology Lab
of Technology
Eurocom France - Mobile Communications
10 v1
WHAT IS A RADIO SYSTEM ?
• Radio system
• From Merriam-Webster Dictionary
– Radio:
1 : of, relating to, or operated by radiant energy
2 : of or relating to electric currents or phenomena
(as electromagnetic radiation ) of frequencies between
about 15 kHz and 100 GHz
– System:
1 : a regularly interacting or interdependent group
of items forming a unified whole.
11 v1
• ”Radio systems” can be used for many purposes, e.g.
– Detection and ranging (Radar)
– Astronomical observation (Radio telescope)
– Heating food (Microwave oven)
– Navigation (GPS, etc.)
– Communication (Cellular telephony, etc.)
12 v1
Some questions to ask
13 v1
A rough breakdown into areas
14 v1
History of wireless
• Maxwell: theory
• Hertz: fundamental experiments confirming Maxwell’s
Theory
• 1890-1905: First experiments for wireless information
• Transmission
– Tesla, Bose, Marconi
• 1905-1946: First systems:
• 1947/1948: fundamental information theory
15 v1
• Development of cellular telephony: 1950s – 1980s
• Cellular systems
• – GSM (Global System for Mobile communications)
• First deployment in early 1990s in Europe
• In 2005, more than 1 billion users
• – IS-95 (cdmaOne)
• Second-generation system based on different
multiple- access scheme
• Used mainly in US and Korea
• – PDC (Pacific Digital Cellular)
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• – Third-generation systems
Several different standards
All based on CDMA
After initial gold rush, now more sedate development
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• Fixed wireless access:
– for wireless internet
– Not successful in 1990s
– In recent years, WiMax was developed, seems
more promising
• Cordless phones:
– DECT: in Europe and most of the world
– PHS: in Japan
– CDMA-based: in US
• Wireless LANs
– Wireless computer networks
– WiFi
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• Personal Area Networks v1
TYPES OF SERVICES
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Fixed wireless and satellite
• Fixed wireless systems
– Long distances between BS and MS
– No mobility requirements
– Typically high data rates, but can also be used for
voice systems
– WiMax standard (IEEE 802.16)
• Satellite systems
– Cover very large area
– No high density (Erlang/km^2)
– Iridium system with LEO systems tried to get large
user density, but went broke
21 v1
Tradeoff range vs. datarate
22 v1
REQUIREMENTS FOR SERVICES
• Data rate
23 v1
Mobility
24 v1
Spectrum usage
• Free spectrum
25 v1
Economic requirements
• Multipath propagation
• Spectrum limitations
• Limited energy
• User mobility
27 v1
Wired communications
29 v1
Wired communications
• Due to the well-behaved transmission medium, the
quality of wired transmission is generally high.
30 v1
Wireless Communications
Due to user mobility as well as multipath propagation, the
transmission medium varies strongly with time.
33 v1
Wireless Communications
• Establishing a connection is based on the (mobile)
equipment, usually associated with a specific person.
34 v1
Summary
We studied the following.
• Radio System
• History of Wireless
• Types of Services
• Requirements for Services
• Technical Challenges
35 v1
Self Assessment Questions
• Name the factors that influence the market penetration of
wireless devices.
37 v1