Plant Breeding Book

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Introduction to Genetics and Plant Breeding

Book · February 2019

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Jiban Shrestha Amit Chaudhary


Nepal Agricultural Research Council University of Brighton
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Dipesh Pokhrel
Kathmandu University
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Introduction to
Genetics and Plant Breeding

Jiban Shrestha1, Amit Chaudhary2 and Dipesh Pokhrel1

1
Nepal Agricultural Research Council,
National Commercial Agriculture Research Program
Pakhribas, Dhankuta, Nepal

2
Tribhuvan University
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences
Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal

AgriTech Publishing
New Delhi
Copyright © 2019, Authors

ISBN: 978-93-87387-22-5 (Paperback)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods,
without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied
in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.

– Publishers –

AgriTech Publishing
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Printed at: Sanat Printers, Sonepat, Haryana


Contents
Preface v
1. Introduction to Plant Breeding 1
2. Objectives of Plant Breeding 1
3. Activities of Plant Breeding 2
4. Effectiveness of Breeding Methods 3
5. Undesirable Effects of Crop Breeding for Crop Improvement 3
6. Domestication 4
7. Plant Introduction 4
8. Acclimatization 6
9. Findings from Plant Breeding 6
10. Future Vision in Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources 7
11. Cell Division 8
12. Modes of Reproduction and Pollination 11
13. Inbreeding Depression 12
14. Heterosis 12
15. Mating System 13
16. Heritability 14
17. Breeding Self Pollinated Crops 17
18. Breeding for Quality Improvement 22
19. Ideotype Breeding 23
20. Participatory Varietal Selection 25
21. Participatory Plant Breeding 26
22. Organization for Crop Improvement 28
viii

23. Statistical Test in Plant Breeding 31


24. Terminology Related to Plant Breeding and Genetics 35
25. Some Facts About Plant Breeding and Genetics 42
26. Plant Biotechnology 45
27. Plant Tissue Culture 46
28. Anther Culture 48
29. Embryo Culture 50
30. Gene Transfer Methods 51
31. Plant Totipotency 53
32. Self-Incompatibility 55
33. Somaclonal Variation 58
34. Production of Somatic Hybrids and Cybrids 60
35. Somatic Embryogenesis 61
36. Polyploidy 64
37. Hybrid 69
38. Hybrid Vigor or Heterosis 72
39. Inbreeding 73
40. Inbred Lines 74
41. Inbred - Hybrid Performance and Correlation 78
42. Types of Hybrids 80
43. Potential for Hybrids and Hybrid Maize Technology 83
44. Classes of Hybrid Seed 84
45. Management of Hybrid Maize Seed Production Fields 85
46. Selection Schemes in Maize Improvement 88
47. Types of Varieties and their Development 102
48. Method of Hybrid Production 107
49. Operations Involved in Hybrid Production 111
50. Haploid Breeding 112
51. Maize Breeding Techniques 113
 ix

52. Seed Production Technology 115


53. Requirements of Seed Production 118
54. Seed and Field Standard for Quality Seed 123
55. Seed Priming 125
56. Terminator Seed 126
57. Community Based Seed Production 127
58. Variety Registration and Release 128
59. Application to be Made for Approval and Registration of Crop Varieties 133
60. Application to be Made for Approval and Release of Crop Varieties 137
Bibliography 142
Bibliography
Comstock, R.E., Robinson, H.F., & Harvey, P.H. (1949). A breeding procedure
designed to make maximum use of both general and specific combining ability.
Agron J., 41, 360-367
Eberhart, S. A., & Russell, W. A. (1966). Stability parameters for comparing varieties.
Crop Science, 6, 36-40.
Evans, D. A., Sharp, W. R., & Medina-Filho, H. P. (1984). Somaclonal and
gametoclonal variation. Amer. Jour. Bot., 71(6), 759-774.
Haccius, B. (1978). Question of unicellular origin of non-zygotic embryos in callus
cultures. Phytomorphology, 28, 74–81.
Jenkins, M. T. (1935). The effect of inbreeding and of selection within inbred lines
of maize upon the hybrids made after successive generations of selfing. Iowa
State College J. Sci., 3, 429-450.
Larkin, P. J., & Scowcroft, W. R. (1981). Somaclonal variation- A novel source of
variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor. Appl. Genet., 58,
197-214.
Lupi, C. (1995). Genetic Engineering for Plant Protection Methods, State of the Art
and Applications. BATS, Agency for Biosafety Research and Assessment of
Technology Impacts of the Swiss Priority Programme Biotechnology.
National Association of Plant Breeders (NAPB) (2018). What is Plant Breeding?.
https://www.plantbreeding.org/content/what-is-plant-breeding.
Paterniani, E. (1969). Selection for reproductive isolation between two populations
of maize, Zea mays L. Evolution, 23(4), 534-547.
Perkins, J. M., & Jinks, J. L. (1968). Environmental and genotype – environmental
components of variability III. Multiple lines and crosses. Heredity, 23, 339-356.
Reid, L. L. (2004). How corn hybrids are developed. In Advanced Silage Corn
Management 2004. http://www.farmwest.com/node/31
Richey, F.D. (1945). Isolating better foundation inbreds for use in corn hybrids.
Genetics 30, 455–471.
Russell, W. A. (1991). Genetic improvements of maize yields. Advances in Agronomy,
46, 245 –298.
Sanford, J.C., Klein, T. M., Wolf, E. D., & Allen, N. (1987). Delivery of substances
into cells and tissues using a particle bombardment process. J. Particle Sci.
Technol., 5, 27–37.
Sharp, W. R., Sondah, M. R., Caldas, L. S., & Maraffa, S. B. (1980). The physiology
of in cirroasrembryogenesis; Hortic. Rey., 2, 268-310
Shrestha, J. (2015). Plant Breeding and Genetics. Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH
& Co., Saarbrucken, Germany.
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5, 51-59.
142 | Introduction to Genetics and Plant Breeding

Singh, J., (1987). Field Manual of Maize Breeding Procedures. Food and Agriculture
Organization, Rome, Italy.methods in corn breeding. Am. breeders’ Ass. Rep.
VI, 63-75p.
Wayan, S. I., Basuki, N., Sugiharto, A. N., & Soegianto, A. (2015). Estimation of
Genetics Variance Components from Composite and Hybrid Maize (Zea mays
L) Hybridization. International Journal of Plant Research, 5(5), 107-112.

(Footnotes)
1
Please attach the details of experimental results at the end and refer to these as
Annexure numbers.

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