for more free gce questions, notes and free answers, visit http://www.gcerevision.

com or download our app "kawlo" on playstore

AL CHEM 2015 PAPER 2

Section A: physical, and general chemistry
1.
a. What do you understand by the term First Ionization Energy? (1 mark)
b. The hydrogen emission spectrum shows different series of line known as Lyman, Balmer,
Paschen, etc

om
(i) What do the lines represent?
(ii) What is the difference between the Lyman and the Balmer series of lines?
(iii) State one important information about the structure of the atom that can be obtained
from the emission spectrum of an element (3 marks)
c. The first 8 successive ionization energies in kJ/mol of an element M (where M is not the
usual symbol of the element) are
789, 1577, 3232, 4356, 16091, 19755, 23789, 29253
(i) Write the electronic configuration of the outermost shell of M

.c
(ii) Predict the Group of the periodic table to which M belongs
Explain your reasoning
d.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
on
Briefly explain the shape of the ammonia (NH3) molecule (2 marks)
What is the difference between a covalent bond and intermolecular force?
Using a suitable example, explain how an intermolecular force can affect the molar
mass of a substance (4 marks)
e. A mixture of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium ethanoate (CH3COONa) is an acid
buffer
i
(i) What is an acid buffer?
(ii) Using equations only, show how the acid buffer will react in the presence of
is

A: Excess acid
B: Excess base (alkali)
(iii) A solution contains 0.02M CH3COOH and 0.2M CH3COOHNa. Calculate the pH
ev

of the solution which results from the addition of 50 cm 3 of 0.04M NaOH to the
solution
(KaCH3COOH = 1.7 x 10-5 mol dm-3)
2.
a.
(i) Define ‘Mole of a substance’
er

(ii) Calculate the mass of iron (in grams) contained in 250 cm 3 of 0.1M iron (III)
chloride solution
b. When NaOH is dissolved in water, the temperature of the solution rises, but when NH4NO3
is dissolved in water, the temperature of the solution falls. Explain the difference in
behavior
gc

c. The standard lattice enthalpy of NaBr is -735 kJ/mol and its heat of solution is -0.06 kJ/mol
(i) Sketch an energy diagram that can be used to determine its heat of solvation
(hydration energy)
(ii) Calculate the solvation energy
d.
(i) What do you understand by “Order of a reaction”?
(ii) Given the following data for the reaction 𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⟶ 𝐶
Experiment Initial [A] mol Initial [B] mol Rate of formation
dm-3 dm-3 of C mol dm-3 s-1
for more free gce questions, notes and free answers, visit http://www.gcerevision.com or download our app "kawlo" on playstore

1 0.10 0.10 0.001

2 0.10 0.20 0.004
3 0.20 0.10 0.001
4 0.20 0.30 0.009
A: Determine the overall order of the reaction
B: Write the rate expression and calculate the value of the rate constant and give
its units
C: Based on the rate expression, suggest a mechanism for the reaction
e. Trichloromethane (CHCl3) and ethyl ethanoate (CH3CO2C2H5) from a completely miscible

om
solution which does not obey Raoult’s Law
(i) State Raoult’s law
(ii) Explain why the liquid mixture would deviate from Raoult’s law
(iii) Predict and explain the change in temperature when the two liquids are mixed
(iv) Draw a labelled diagram of variation of total pressure against composition for the
mixture

.c
Section B: inorganic (mineral) chemistry
3.
a. All halogens (except fluorine) from compounds I which they have oxidation numbers
ranging from -1 to +7
(i) Explain why
on
A: Fluorine has only one oxidation number
B: Chloride exhibits an oxidation number of +7
(ii) Give the formula of an oxo-acid of chlorine with oxidation number of +5
b.
i
(i) On the space below sketch a graph to show the variation of acid strength of the
hydrogen halides HF
is

(ii) Explain the shape of the graph

c. Give balanced equations for the reaction of chlorine with
i. Cold dilute KOH
ev

ii. Hot concentrated KOH

d. Complete the table below by writing the formulae and names of compounds of Sulphur
with the corresponding oxidation states
Oxidation state Formula of compound Name of Sulphur compound
+2
+4
er

+6
e. Give equations to show how Sulphur or its compound undergoes
i. Oxidation
ii. Reduction
iii. Disproportionation
gc

f. The key reaction in the Contact Process for the manufacture of Sulphuric acid is the
oxidation of SO2 to SO3
2𝑆𝑂2(𝑔) + 𝑂2(𝑔) ⇌ 3𝑆𝑂2(𝑔) ∆𝐻𝜃 298 = −192𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
i. State and explain how the yield of SO3 is increased in practice
ii. How is SO3 converted to sulphuric acid?
4.
a.
i. Complete the table by giving the formulae of the simple hybrids of the elements of
period 2 to neon
for more free gce questions, notes and free answers, visit http://www.gcerevision.com or download our app "kawlo" on playstore

Element Li Be B C N O F e
Formula
of hybrid
ii. Write equations to show the reaction of the hybrids of Li and F with water. Explain
the differences in their reactions with water in terms of their structure and bonding
- Equations
- Explanation
iii. Suggest a reason why the hybrid of carbon does not react with water
b. What is the difference between a d-block element and a transition element? Give an

om
example of each
c. State and explain the variation in atomic radius across the first transition series Scandium
to zinc
d.
i. Why are transition metal compounds colored?
ii. Copper is a transition metal. Explain why some of its compounds are white
e.

.c
i. Complete the table below by giving the oxides of manganese in the corresponding
oxidation states
Oxidation states +2 +4 +6 +7
Formula of oxides of manganese
ii. on
Explain why manganese exhibits the +7-oxidation state
f. Give a balanced equation for a reaction in which a transition metal acts as a homogenous
catalyst
SECTION C: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
i
5.
a. State the information about the structure of an organic compound that can ne revealed by
is

the following spectroscopic techniques

Spectroscopic method Information obtained
Mass spectroscopy
Infra-red spectroscopy
ev

NMR spectroscopy
b. An organic compound contained 48.7 percent of carbon and 8.1 percent of hydrogen.
Determine its empirical formula
c. Using suitable examples in each case state the difference between an electrophile and a
nucleophile
er

d. Nitrobenzene is obtained by reacting benzene with a nitrating mixture

i. Give the composition of the nitrating mixture
ii. What is (are) the condition (s) of the reaction?
iii. State and illustrate the mechanism of the nitration of benzene
e.
gc

i. What is atomic hybridization?

ii. Explain the difference in shape between methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H4)
6.
a. The compound C4H10O exhibits isomerism
i. What is isomerism?
ii. Give the structures of two isomers of C4H10O in each case that show
A: Position isomerism
B: Optical isomerism
C: Functional group isomerism
D: Chain isomerism
for more free gce questions, notes and free answers, visit http://www.gcerevision.com or download our app "kawlo" on playstore

iii. Given a chemical test to distinguish between the functional group isomers given
above
b. Consider the reaction sequence below
I II III IV
𝐶6 𝐻2 𝑁𝑂2 → 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2 → 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁2 𝐶𝐿 → 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝐵𝑟 → 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝐶𝐻3
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷 𝐸
i. Give the names of the compounds B and C
B:

om
C:
ii. State the reagents and reaction conditions represented by I to IV
I:
II:
III:
IV:
iii. How could you convert compound c to an azo dye?

.c
iv. Explain how you would obtain compound B from the reaction mixture

i on
is
ev
er
gc