Philoso

phy
WITHOUT THESE TWO ELEMENTS,
FREEDOM
HUMAN FREEDOM IS DIMINISHED AND
 An instrict snd essential THE PERSON MAKES IMPERFECT
property of the person. ACTIONS AND UNWISE DECISIONS
WHICH MAY HAVE NEGATIVE EFFECTS
 Is the ability to make
ON THE SELF AND OTHERS.
choices and perform
actions.
SELF REFLECTION
 Is rooted in the human
person’s self-  Is vital in the proper of
determination and the exercise of human freedom.
exercise of intellect
freewill. HOW CAN I EXERCISE MY FREEDOM
 FREEDOM IS EXPERIENCE IN A RESPONSIBLE AND
THROUGH THE ACT OF MAKING BENEFICIAL MANNER?
CHOICES.  Human freedom should be
KINDS OF FREEDOM exercised with control and
a recognition of reasonable
PHYSICAL FREEDOM limits.
 Refers to the absence of  Freedom should also be
any physical restraint. exercised with regard for
 Your freedom allows you to the knowledge and truth.
move from one place to  We should also recognize
another and to go wherever and uphold not only our
you want to go. individual freedom but also
the freedom of others.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL FREEDOM
 Also called freedom of INTERSUBJECTIVITY
choice.  The interaction between the
 The person is free to seld and the other is
perform actions that he or related to the
she considers right and philosophical concept.
wise.  The mutual recognition of
 A person is free to act and each other as person
not to act.  “ unique relationship
 Is innate and cannot be between distinct subject”
denied a person. SEEMING
 Where an individual
 MORAL FREEDOM presents himself or herself
 Refers to using freedom in in a certain way when
a manner that upholds human dealing with others.
dignity and goodness.
WHAT MAKES US FREE? WHAT CHARACTERIZES A GENUINE
 VOLUNTARINESS HUMAN INTERACTION?
 Refers to the ability of a
person to act out of his or  DIALOUGE
her own freewill and seld - This deeper and more
determination. genuine interaction
- This is made possible
 A person may act even if he
when the self realizes
or she is not required or
that the other is a
called to take action.
genuine and unique
individual.
 RESPONSIBILTY
 Refers to the person being
accountable for his or her
actions and their
consequences.
  HOW DOES INTERSUBJECTIVITY THE HUMAN PERSON
DEFINE OUR INTERACTIONS
WITH OTHER PERSONS? SOCIETY
 EMPHATY
- The ability to share SOCIETY
emotions, is an - Humans are the only
important aspect of beings capable of
intersubjectivity establishing
- This emotion is driven - Is an organized group of
by a person’s awareness people whose members
that the other is a interact frequently and
person with thoughts and have a common territory
feelings. and culture.
 AVAILABILITY Thomas Hobbes
- Characteristics of - Persons in their natural
meaningful nd genuine states are governed by
human relationship their desires and these
- The willingness of a often lead to conflict
person to be present and with their fellowmen.
be disposal of another.
 ALIENATION SOCIAL CONTRACT
- The persimistic view - An agreement where
considers human individuals sacrifice an
relationships amount of their freedom
frustrating and often and submit to a higher
inauthentic or authority.
deceptive. John Locke
- A person that adopts - “CONSENT OF THE
this negative view is GOVERNED” Considered
said to be. persons in their natural
 THE ETHICS OF CARE states as more
- Is an ethical theory cooperative and
that emphasizes the reasonable and that
moral dimension of society is formed
relationships and through the consent of
the individuals that
interactions.
organized it.
HOW CAN A PHILOSOPHY HELP YOU
Jean Jacques Rousseau
EVALUATED YOUR RELATIONSHIPS
- Ideas of social contract
WITH OTHERS?
led him the concept of
 ACCEPTANCE OF DIFFERENCES
GENERAL WILL.
AND EMBRACING DIVERSITY
- Even if the people are
HELLEN KELLER
the ones who organized
- American author,
society and established
political activist and
an authority or
the first deaf- blind
government in the
person to earn a
extreme cases the
bachelors degree.
government is able to
NICHOLAS JAMES “NICK” VUJICIC
impose its will on the
- Is an Australian
people.
evangelist and
John Rawls
motivational speaker who
- Redefined the social
was born with
contract and
phocomelia, a condition
explainedcthe human
in which a [erson is
beings approach social
born with no arms or
cooperation in a
legs.
rational manner in order
ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG
to meet their individual
- The first visually
self- interest.
impaired Filipino to
ORIGINAL POSITION
graduate summa cum laude
- A version of the natural
from Ateneo de Manila
state to explain social
University in 2001.
formation.
David Gauthier  FEUDAL SOCIETY
- Described people’s SELF- - Is based on the
INTEREST as a ownership of land
significant factor in - Arose out of
building and maintaining developments in Western
societies. Europe during medieval
COMMON GOOD times, when rival
- Refers to the social kingdoms were engaged in
conditions which enable conflict over resources
persons and groups to and particular land.
fulfill their goals and  INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
achieve well- being. - Is based on the use of
specialized machinery in
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF the production of goods
SOCIETIES? and services.
 POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
 HUNTING AND GATHERING - Is marked by the
SOCIETY establishment of
- This recognized as the societies based on
earliest and simplest knowledge information
form of society. and the sale of
- They are nomadic. services.
- Characterized by its
 Virtual Society
small size and is
- Where people organize
composed mainly of
themselves through
family.
communication technology
 PASTORAL SOCIETY and the internet.
- Characterized by the HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR
domestication of animals DEVELOPMENT AS A PERSONS?
for food for a stable
 The person and the society
and predictable food
have a very dynamic
supply.
relationship in which one
- Have larger populations.
cannot exist without the
 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY other.
- Primarily engages in the
 Society influences our
small scale cultivation
development as persons in
of plants, vegetables
various ways
and fruits and the
domestication of  NORMS- are a set of traits
animals. and behaviours that society
- Semi- nomadic considers acceptable, and
- Similar to pastoral thus encouraged and passed
society, there is also a on to other members.
surplus of goods, which  LAWS – are more formal and
sometimes leads to stringent norms that
inequalities among its establish and define
members. acceptable behaviour of
 AGRARIAN OR AGRICULTURAL citizens.
SOCIETY  FOLKWAYS- are less formal
- A further evolution of norms that arise from
the pastoral and tradition and do not result
horticultural societies. in punishment and violated.
- Improved technology and  SOCIAL SYSTEM-is an
the use of tools to aid organized or patterened set
in farming. of relationships among
individuals and groups that
compose a society.
 SOCIAL ROLE- are actions
and behaviours expected of
a certain individual.
  SOCIAL GROUPS/ SOCIAL SOURCES OF HAPPINESS
CLASSES - individuals who  NOBLE GOOD – is one which
share similar backgrounds is pursued for its own
or perform similar roles sake; it is good in itself
are group together.  USEFUL GOOD – is considered
 SOCIAL INSTITUTION - good as long as it serves
certain groups that perform as a means to an end; its
vital functions in society goodness is found only from
are organized. what it can provide.
 Society also transforms  PLEASURABLE GOOD – is good
human relations, which as long as it provides some
leads to the transformation form of pleasure,thought it
of its members. does not have to be
 SOCIAL VALUES- are actions physical.
or ideals that are WHY DO WE SUFFER?
considered important by  SUFFERING – takes place
society. when we patiently endure
 SOCIAL MOVEMENT- is a large unpleasantness, discomfort,
scale action done by and pain.
various groups and  Physical suffering –
organizations in pursuit of sensation such as
a common goal to bring discomfort, hunger,
about change. distress, and pain.
HUMAN PERSONS AS ORIENTED  Mental suffering – involves
TOWARDS THEIR IMPENDING DEATH in emotional and mental
 WE ARE TEMPORAL BEINGS/ states such as depression,
BEINGS ORIENTED TOWARDS anxiety, fear, loneliness,
DEATH and grief.
 DEATH
- is commonly understood as
the end of bodily functions
which signals the end of a
person's life.
- Refers to separation of
the body and the spirit.
HOW SHOULD I LIVE MYLIFE BEFORE
IT FINALLY ENDS?
 SELF DETERMINATION
- The capacity to choose
and act for oneself.
THE TERM END CAN BE UNDERSTOOD
IN 2 WAYS:
 TERMINUS – the full stop or
end of a line. Life ends
nothing follows.
 TELOS – “ goal, purpose, or
fullfilment”