Unit 4 Test | Group A

Name: _____________________ Class: ____

LISTENING
1 Track 04 Listen to the monologue and complete the sentences.
1 For a long time, it had been Jane’s dream to __________________________________.
2 When it comes to medical issues, Jane, her mother and her grandmother all
__________________________________.
3 Jane’s opinion about juicing and the raw food diet was that they __________________________________
and too restrictive.
4 Jane decided to give up on fad diets because __________________________________ to her body.
5 Jane is sharing her dieting experience in order to __________________________________ mistakes.
___ / 5
READING
2 Read the texts. For text 1, choose the correct answers. For text 2, complete the sentences.
Text 1
The Power of Expectation
The placebo effect is one of the most mysterious phenomena in medicine. People find it fascinating that
inactive treatment can actually relieve pain or ensure a faster recovery.
Let us start by explaining the basic facts. The placebo effect is commonly used in new drug trials. The drug is
given to a group of patients and the results of treatment are compared to those in the placebo group. But there
are other, more interesting facts about the phenomenon. For instance, it has been found that the effects
of a placebo are not only psychological. Patients who receive a placebo and believe that it will help not only
report that they feel better, but changes in their blood pressure or heart rate are also confirmed by medical
tests. Another intriguing fact is that the placebo effect is visible in areas other than human medicine.
Studies have shown that dogs with epilepsy react positively to both medication and placebo pills. Last but not
least, the effect has been observed in the world of medicine. For example, people who think that they are
drinking alcohol tend to have impaired not only judgement and obtain poorer results in IQ tests.
Interestingly, just as people tend to believe that a placebo can help them get better, if they think that a pill
or substance they have taken may have a harmful effect, a negative effect is more likely to manifest itself.
The adverse placebo effect is termed the nocebo.
Without a doubt, the placebo effect is something real, and hardly anyone nowadays denies its existence.
But there are still things we don’t know, for instance, why the effect is more intense for some individuals
but weaker for others. It is assumed that the greater a person’s expectations about the substance, the greater
the placebo effect. This complicates medical research on new drugs because expectations cannot be measured
or predicted.
Another theory suggests that cultural and regional factors may influence the intensity of the effect. Europeans,
for instance, respond better to placebo pills than injections. Americans also respond well to placebos probably
due to regular exposure to advertising for health care products.
The placebo effect needs further research so that we can learn more about it. Were this to take place,
hopefully it will be used even more productively in clinical practice.
1 Which information is presented in the text as an opinion?
A The placebo effect often depends on the cultural background of patients.
B A placebo can influence the results of medical trials.
C A placebo can help some patients recover.
D The placebo effect can be found in non-medical contexts.
2 A patient’s expectations about a substance they have been given
A can be problematic in clinical drug trials.
B don’t influence their reactions to new drugs.
C depend on the results of IQ tests.
D have not been investigated so far.

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3 Which isn’t true about the placebo effect?
A Some factors influencing it cannot be fully controlled.
B It has a negative counterpart.
C A lot of people deny its existence.
D It has been observed in other species.
4 The tone of the article can be described as
A cautiously optimistic.
B hopeless and gloomy.
C considerably anxious.
D extremely enthusiastic.
Text 2
A few days ago, I had some friends round. I’d prepared some snacks and drinks and we were having a great
evening. At some point, I suggested having a coffee, but when I opened the cupboard, I noticed there was only
decaffeinated coffee left. What could I do? Well, I went and served it to my guests without a word
of explanation ... To my surprise, they didn’t seem to notice that the coffee was caffeine-free! We started
chatting again and, after 20 minutes or so, one of my friends said, ‘Gosh, if it hadn’t been for the coffee, I’d be
probably fast asleep now!’
I was shocked. Is it possible that by simply believing that something works in a particular way, you may
physically experience its effects? On second thoughts, people often claim that their thoughts influence how
they feel. And I’m sure you’ve all heard about the placebo effect. Its mechanism is essentially the same.
I decided to do some research in the topic. I’ve learned, for instance, about an experiment on the so-called
nocebo effect, in which a group of people with lactose intolerance and a group of healthy people took a pill
which they believed contained lactose. Both groups experienced stomach pains. Remarkable, isn’t it? I need
to read more to have a more informed opinion about it. Anyway, I’ll keep you posted!
Amy
5 What Amy didn’t realise before the party was that ________________________________.
6 One of Amy’s friends was sure it was the coffee that had made her ________________________________.
7 Some people believe that ________________________________ may actually affect their feelings.
8 In the nocebo effect experiment, both groups reported stomach problems after
________________________________.
___ / 8
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
3 Complete the sentences with the missing words. The first letters have been given.
1 I’m not a great f______________ of using relaxation techniques before exams.
2 I tried to persuade Susan to attend Zumba classes, but I think she might eventually o_________ f _____
something less dynamic.
3 Would you be so k_____________ as to provide me with more information about this course?
4 The idea of jogging every morning doesn’t s_____________ me at all.
5 I would a_______________ more information about some of the ideas which have been presented during
the presentation.
___ / 5
VOCABULARY
4 Complete the sentences with the missing words. Some letters have been given.
1 Doctors believe that many new d _ _ _ g _ _ _ drugs are extremely dangerous because they contain
substances which have never been tested on people.
2 The patient was given a full e _ _ m _ _ _ t _ _ _ because he was admitted to hospital in a very bad
condition.
3 Ben suffers from i _ _ _ m _ _ _ – a medical condition defined as a difficulty in falling asleep or not getting
enough sleep.
4 Some of the most popular ways to a _ _ _ v _ _ _ _ stress include reducing caffeine intake and taking up
sports.
5 It’s quite easy to d _ _ _ _ _ p bad habits like eating irregularly; it’s much harder to get rid of them.
___ / 5

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5 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. There are two extra verbs.
suffer undergo give fall take lead
1 It’s important to provide psychological help to children who _______________ victim to bullying.
2 Frankie had an accident while cycling and had to _______________ a knee operation.
3 Overusing dietary supplements can _______________ to health problems like allergic reactions and higher
blood pressure.
4 Greg lost consciousness and stopped breathing, so his brother had to _______________ him
a mouth-to-mouth.
___ / 4
6 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
1 Before any drug can be administered, the doctor needs to carry ________ various tests to diagnose
the patient’s condition.
2 How did they manage to speed ________ the recovery after such a complicated operation?
3 Quick! We must send ________ an ambulance, this man is bleeding heavily.
4 My dad always says that people who don’t use cycling helmets are putting their lives ________ risk.
___ / 4
GRAMMAR
7 Rewrite the sentences using reported speech.
1 ‘I’m planning to spend my holidays in the place I visited last year, but I’m going to book a different hotel.’
He told me ____________________________________________________________________________
2 ‘I’ve been reading about different sorts of diets and I feel more confused as a result.’
She said ______________________________________________________________________________
3 ‘I should definitely take up sports because my stamina is much worse than a year ago.’
He said _______________________________________________________________________________
4 ‘Will you go to the first yoga class with me, as I would feel much more comfortable?’
She asked me __________________________________________________________________________
___ / 4
8 Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of the verbs given.
1 You’re right, exercising without keeping a proper diet makes little sense.’ AGREE
She ____________________________________________________________________________________
2 ‘I would not drink energy drinks if I were you because they can cause restlessness and high blood pressure.’
WARN
Bob ____________________________________________________________________________________
3 ‘I think you should take up a sport which wouldn’t be so harmful to your knees.’ ADVISE
Lisa ____________________________________________________________________________________
4 ‘I’m going to try a vegan diet for a month.’ DECIDE
Noah ___________________________________________________________________________________
5 ‘More and more people are becoming aware of the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle.’ CLAIM
Peter ___________________________________________________________________________________
___ / 5

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ENGLISH IN USE
9 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets. Write no more than six words
in each gap.
1 Frankly speaking, I didn’t feel like going anywhere that evening, but Vicky (insist / go)
__________________________________________ to the cinema.
2 Linda has been rushed to the accident and emergency unit at hospital and the doctors (carry / test)
__________________________________________ right now to see what the problem is.
3 I’ve been trying to find the best way (cope / stress) __________________________________________
but, so far, only listening to calming music has had a positive effect.
4 Yesterday, Peter (remind / sister / have) __________________________________________ a dental
check-up.
5 Have you already (make / appointment) __________________________________________ doctor?
He’s very busy at the moment and probably won’t be able to see you until next week.
___ / 5
WRITING
10 Read the instructions and do the writing task.
Na szkolnej tablicy ogłoszeń znalazłeś/znalazłaś ogłoszenie dotyczące kursu medytacji. Napisz list (200−250
słów) z prośbą o podanie interesujących Cię szczegółów oraz z wyjaśnieniem, dlaczego chciałbyś/chciałabyś
wziąć udział w tym kursie.

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