Electric Circuits 3

MODULE 2

THREE-
THREE-PHASE SYSTEM
WITH BALANCED LOAD

Dr. GABRIEL M. SALISTRE, JR

Ilioilo Science and Technology University

College of Engineering anf Architecture.

Topics

Balanced Wye-Wye Connection

Balanced Wye-Delta Connection

Balanced Delta-Delta Connection

Balanced Delta-Wye Connection

Power in a balanced three-phase system

1
Learning Outcomes
 Analyze three-phase circuits in terms of phase and line
quantities for a different three-phase balanced load
connections
 Apply circuit analysis techniques to three-phase circuits to
calculate line and phase-voltages and currents.
 Calculate the real, reactive and apparent power developed in a
balanced three-phase system.

Balanced Three Phase Load

A balanced load is one in which the phase impedances are
equal in magnitude and in phase.
a) Wye-connected
Z = Z = Z = Z load
1 2 3 Y
b) Delta-connected load

Z1 = Z 2 = Z3 = Z Y Za = Z b = Z c = Z ∆
Conversion of Delta circuit to Wye or Wye to Delta
1
Z∆ = 3ZY ZY = Z ∆
3 4

2
Balanced 3-∅ Source – Load Connections

Both the three phase source and the three phase load
can be connected either Wye or DELTA.

We have 4 possible connection types.
 Y-Y connection
 Y-∆ connection
 ∆-∆ connection
 ∆-Y connection

Balanced ∆ connected load is more common.

Y connected sources are more common.

Balanced Wye-Wye Connection

A balanced Y-Y system is a three phase system with a balanced
Y – connected source and balanced Y connected load.

3
Balanced Wye-Wye Connection
Line to line voltages or line voltages:

(
Vab = VAB = 3V∅ ∠ θan + 300 )
Vbc = VBC = 3V ∠ ( θ
∅ an − 90 ) 0

= 3V ∠ ( θ
∅ bn + 30 ) 0

Vca = VCA = 3V ∠ ( θ
∅ an − 2100 )
= 3V ∠ ( θ
∅ cn + 300 )
Phase Voltages: Magnitude of Voltages
Van = V∅ ∠θan V∅ = Van = Vbn = Vcn
(
Vbn = V∅ ∠ θan − 1200 )
VL = Vab = Vbc = Vca = 3V∅
Vcn = V∅ ∠(θ an − 240 )
0
7

Balanced Wye-Wye Connection

Phasor diagram illustrating the relationship between

line voltages and phase voltages. 8

4
Balanced Wye-Wye Connection

Phasor diagram illustrating the relationship between

line voltages and phase voltages. 9

Balanced Wye-Wye Connection

Line Currents:
V
Ia = an
Z AN
Vbn
Ib =
ZBN
Vcn
Ic =
ZCN

For a balance system:

Ia + Ib + Ic = −In = 0
Vn N = ZnIn = 0
10

5
Balanced Wye-Wye Connection
A single phase equivalent circuit

Van
Ia =
ZY
11

Balanced Wye-Wye Connection

Example Problem
Calculate the load line voltages and currents in the three wire Y-Y
system of figure below.

12

6
Balanced Wye-Wye Connection
Solution:

13

Balanced Wye-Wye Connection

Solution:

14

7
Balanced Wye-Delta Connection
A balanced Y- ∆ system consists of balanced Y connected
source feeding a balanced ∆ connected load.

15

Balanced Wye-Delta Connection

Line to line voltages or line voltages:

(
Vab = VAB = 3V∅ ∠ θan + 300 )
Vbc = VBC = 3V ∠ ( θ
∅ an − 900 )

= 3V ∠ ( θ
∅ bn + 300 )

Vca = VCA = 3V ∠ ( θ
∅ an − 2100 )
= 3V ∠ ( θ
∅ cn + 300 )

Phase Voltages: Magnitude of Voltages

Van = V∅ ∠θan V∅ = Van = Vbn = Vcn
(
Vbn = V∅ ∠ θan − 1200 )
VL = Vab = Vbc = Vca = 3V∅
Vcn = V∅ ∠(θ an − 240 )
0
16

8
Balanced Wye-Delta Connection
Load Phase currents:
VAB
IAB =
Z∆
VBC
IBC =
Z∆
VCA
ICA =
Z∆

I∅ = IAB = IBC = ICA

17

Balanced Wye-Delta Connection

Line currents:
Ia = IA = IAB − ICA

(
= 3I∅ ∠ θ AB − 300 )
Ib = IB = IBC − IAB

(
= 3I∅ ∠ θ AB − 1500 )
= 3I∅ ∠(θ BC − 300 )
Ic = IC = ICA − IBC

(
= 3I∅ ∠ θ AB + 900 )
= 3I∅ ∠(θ CA − 300 )
IL = Ia = Ib = Ic = 3I∅
18

9
Balanced Wye-Delta Connection

Phasor diagram illustrating the relationship

between Phase and Line Currents
19

Balanced Wye-Delta Connection

A single phase equivalent circuit analysis can be used also by
transforming the Delta-Connected load to its Wye equivalent.

Z∆ Van Van
ZY = Ia = =
3 ZY ( Z∆ / 3 )

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10
Balanced Wye-Delta Connection
Example Problem

21

Balanced Wye-Delta Connection

Solution:

22

11
Balanced Wye-Delta Connection
Solution:

23

Balanced Delta-Delta Connection

A balanced ∆ - ∆ system is one in which both balanced source
and balanced load are ∆ connected.

24

12
Balanced Delta-Delta Connection

Phase Currents
Line voltages V VBC VCA
IAB = AB IBC = ICA =
Vab = VAB Z∆ Z∆ Z∆
Vbc = VBC Magnitude of Phase Currents:
Vca = VCA I∅ = IAB = IBC = ICA
25

Balanced Delta-Delta Connection

Line currents:
Ia = IA = IAB − ICA

(
= 3I∅ ∠ θ AB − 300 )
Ib = IB = IBC − IAB

(
= 3I∅ ∠ θ AB − 1500 )
= 3I∅ ∠(θ BC − 300 )
Ic = IC = ICA − IBC

(
= 3I∅ ∠ θ AB + 900 )
= 3I∅ ∠(θ CA − 300 )
IL = Ia = Ib = Ic = 3I∅
26

13
Balanced Delta-Delta Connection
Example Problem

27

Balanced Delta-Delta Connection

Solution:

28

14
Balanced Delta-Delta Connection
Solution:

29

Balanced Delta-Wye Connection

A balanced ∆ -Y system consists of balanced ∆ connected source feeding a
balanced Y connected load.

30

15
Balanced Delta-Wye Connection
Replace ∆ connected source to Phase voltages:
equivalent Y connected source. VL
Van =
3
(
∠ θab − 300 )
VL
Vbn =
3
(
∠ θab − 1500 )
VL
=
3
(
∠ θbc − 300 )
VL
Vcn =
3
(
∠ θab + 900 )
VL
=
3
(
∠ θca − 300 )
Where:
VL = Vab = Vbc = Vca
31

Balanced Delta-Wye Connection

Line currents can be solve using the Line Currents:
single phase equivalent circuit
Van
Ia =
ZY
Van Vbn
Ib =
ZY
Vcn
Ic =
ZY

32

16
Balanced Delta-Wye Connection
Example Problem

33

Balanced Delta-Wye Connection

Solution:

34

17
Balanced Delta-Wye Connection
Solution:

35

Power in a Balanced 3-∅ System

Recall that from the Single Phase System:

Average power per phase: Apparent power per phase:

P∅ = V ∅ I∅ cos θ S ∅ = V ∅ I∅

Reactive power per phase: Complex power per phase:

Q ∅ = V ∅ I∅ sin θ S ∅ = P∅ + jQ ∅ = V I*

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18
 Power in a Balanced 3-∅ System
POWER IN WYE (Y) CONNECTED LOAD
For the power per phase

P∅ = V∅I∅ cos θ

then total power

PT = 3V∅I∅ cos θ
but for Y-connected load:
VL
ACTIVE OR REAL POWER (W) V∅ = I∅ = IL
3
PT = Pan + Pbn + Pcn
therefore total power in terms of
PT = 3P∅ line voltage and currents

PT = 3VLIL cos θ
θ − Power Factor Angle
37
per phase

Power in a Balanced 3-∅ System

POWER IN WYE (Y) CONNECTED LOAD

REACTIVE POWER (VAR) APPARENT POWER (VA)

QT = Qan + Qbn + Qcn S T = S an + S bn + S cn
= 3Q∅ = 3S ∅
= 3V∅I∅ sin θ∅ = 3V∅I∅
= 3VLIL sin θ∅ = 3VLIL

COMPLEX POWER

S T = PT + jQT

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19
Power in a Balanced 3-∅ System
POWER IN DELTA (∆) CONNECTED LOAD

for the total power

PT = Pab + Pbc + Pca

= 3P∅
= 3V∅I∅ cos θ
but for ∆-connected load:
IL
ACTIVE OR REAL POWER (W) V∅ = VL ; I∅ =
3
Power per Phase
therefore total power in terms of
line voltage and currents
P∅ = V∅I∅ cos θ PT = 3VLIL cos θ

39

Power in a Balanced 3-∅ System

POWER IN DELTA (∆) CONNECTED LOAD

REACTIVE POWER (VAR)

QT = 3VpIp sin θ
= 3VLIL sin θ

APPARENT POWER (VA)

S T = 3VpIp
= 3VLIL

COMPLEX POWER

S T = PT + jQT
40

20
Power in a Balanced 3-∅ System

41

Power in a Balanced 3-∅ System

Solution:

42

21
Power in a Balanced 3-∅ System
Solution:

43

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