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ENGLISH
2nd QUARTER - MODULE 1
Explain Visual-Verbal Relationships Illustrated
in Tables, Graphs, And Information Maps
Found in Expository Texts

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English- Grade 8
Alternative Deliver Mode
Quarter 2- Module 1: Explain visual-verbal relationships illustrated in tables, graphs, and
information maps found in expository texts
First Edition, July 2020

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copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of The Module

Writers Name: VALORA ANTONIA G. AGUILAR, FLORAMAE A. CUID,
HELLIGEN M. DECIPOLO, GENEVA MAE AMBOS
Editors Name: ALEX A. PARANE, Ph.D., EPSVR – ENGLISH
Reviewers Name: JOHN SEDRICK V. TABIO & RIA V. OMAÑA
Illustrator: CATALINO B. DAEL III & CYNTHIA C. AGUILAR
Layout Artist: GLAIZA B. LATURGO
Management Team: MA. THERESA V. AVANZADO, CESO IV-SDS
SAMUEL J. MALAYO, ASDS
MILAGROS M MANANQUIL – CHIEF, CID
MILAGROS G. SUYO – CHIEF, SGOD
GLENDA T. CATACUTAN – EPSVR, LRMS
ARNULFO M. GIRASOL – COORDINATOR, ADM/ESP
ALEX A. PARANE, Ph.D. – EPSVR, ENGLISH

Printed in the Philippines by:

Department of Education – Region VII, Tanjay City
Office Address: Brgy. IX, Opao, Tanjay City
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

BRIEF INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE TOPIC

This module will help you explain visual-verbal relationships illustrated in tables, graphs, and
information maps found in expository texts. In this lesson, we'll discuss some ways to interpret
the graphics found in expository texts. Concepts of print need to be expanded to include
graphics, with instruction in how to read and analyze graphical devices such as diagrams,
timelines, and tables. One would have to search far and wide these days to find a single
informational text written for your audience that does not contain one or more graphical
elements. Graphical elements — labeled diagrams, timelines, tables, and so forth — are
increasingly abundant. There is also evidence that graphics in learner’s texts are increasing
in their diversity, complexity, and importance. As a case in point, a recent analysis of 276
science and social studies textbooks, leveled readers, and trade books appropriate for second
and third graders revealed that 60% of the 12,238 graphics in these texts provided additional
information not included in the written text (Fingeret, 2012). Numbers like these leave little
room for doubt that students who know how to decode and interpret graphical elements have
a distinct advantage over those who do not.
Reading comprehension involves more than reading words. Informational texts such as
textbooks, manuals and newspapers often contain graphical elements, e.g., tables,
illustrations, diagrams and timelines. Students who can interpret graphical elements have an
advantage over those who cannot.
In this lesson you are given examples and strategies for developing skills in interpreting three
different graphic elements – charts, graphs, and tables.
At the end of the lesson, you must be able to:
OBJECTIVES
1. Read and analyze charts, graphs, and diagrams.

2. Interpret information maps found in expository texts.

3. Create charts and graphs n a given data.

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 WHAT I KNOW
PRE-ASSESSMENT
I. Enumeration

List down the different charts, graphs and information maps found in an expository
text.

PRE-ASSESSMENT

I. Enumeration

List down the different charts, graphs and information maps found in an expository
text.

II. Identification

For items 1-4, identify the graphic organizer shown in the illustrations provided:
1. ________________ 2. __________________

Student Performance Per Store Sales Report

Grading Period 6

10
4
5
2
0
0
Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4
Store 1 Store 2 Store 3 Store 4
1st Grading 2nd Grading
Sales 1 Sales 2 Sales 3
3rd Grading 4th Grading

3. ______________________ 4. _______________________

SALES

4th Qtr
9%
3rd Qtr
10%

2nd Qtr 1st Qtr

23% 58%

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For items 6-10

ELECTRONIC GADGET PREFERENCES

Phone Tablet computer

computer
15%

Phone
50%
Tablet
35%

6. What type of visual organizer is shown in the illustration above?

7. What is the most preferred electronic gadget?
8. What gadget has the smallest percentage?
9. What gadget is most preferred other than phones?
10. Based on the illustration, what can we conclude?

III. Writing

Using the same chart on Electronic Gadget Preferences, interpret the data provided. Write at
least 5 sentences to describe the information presented on the graph.

WHAT’S IN

Remember in your previous lesson that a reading path is the path or the way the reader’s
take through a text. There are two paths as linear and nonlinear texts depending on this
reading path. Through this module you will be able to understand more about nonlinear
texts. It will help you interpret data with the use of graphical representations.

They say a picture is worth a thousand words. We could add that sometimes a graph or chart
can also be worth a thousand words. It just depends on how the chart or graph is used.
Pictures, graphs, and charts can be included in a text to add information and make information
clearer.

In an informational text, you will often come across parts of the text that are not words and
sentences but are instead illustrations, graphs, charts, diagrams, or tables. These are
called graphical components.

Each graphical component has a function. Sometimes, of course, they are used just to get our
attention. More often, however, they explain what is being communicated in a different way,
or they serve as the primary source of the information.

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In this lesson, you will learn to explain the function of the graphical components. You will also
learn to evaluate graphics on how well they do what they are intended to do.

WHAT’S NEW

Activity 1

Hello learners! Your

goal in this section is to
learn and understand
key concepts related to
relationships illustrated
in tables, graphs, and
information maps found
in expository texts.

If you bought a book on

stretching exercises,
wouldn’t you expect it to
have either photographs
or drawings of the
correct form for each
exercise? You probably
wouldn’t buy the book if
it didn’t.

What if you wanted to

find out which movies
won academy awards in
the last ten years?
Would it be faster and
easier to refer to a chart
showing winners for each year or a paragraph that discussed the winners? The chart is faster
and easier almost every time.

Think about an exercise book. What do the illustrations actually do? They are more than
decoration. They add to the descriptions in the text and make what the text is describing
clearer. This is the function of the illustrations.

What about the function of a chart of academy award winners? In this case, the chart does
not add to the text and make it clearer. Instead, the function of the chart of academy
winners is the primary source of the information.

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 WHAT IS IT

Identifying different Types of Charts

Types of Charts
There are several different types of charts and graphs. The four most common are probably
line graphs, bar graphs and histograms, pie charts, and Cartesian graphs. They are generally
used for, and are best for, quite different things.
You would use:
Bar graphs to show numbers that are independent of each other. Example data might include
things like the number of people who preferred each of Chinese takeaways, Indian takeaways
and fish and chips.
Pie charts to show you how a whole is divided into different parts. You might, for example,
want to show how a budget had been spent on different items in a particular year.
Line graphs show you how numbers have changed over time. They are used when you have
data that are connected, and to show trends, for example, average night-time temperature in
each month of the year.
Bar Graphs and Histograms
Bar graphs generally have categories on the x-axis, and numbers on the y-axis (but these are
interchangeable). This means that you can compare numbers between different categories.
The categories need to be independent, that is changes in one of them do not affect the others.
And the same data displayed in a bar chart:

Chart Title
6

0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

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You can see immediately that this graph gives you a clear picture of which category is largest
and which is smallest. It gives a clear comparison between categories.
You can also use the graph to read off information about how many are in each category
without having to refer back to the data table, which may or may not be provided with every
graph you see.
In general, you can draw bar graphs with the bars either horizontal or vertical, because it
doesn’t make any difference. The bars do not touch.
Pictograph
A pictogram is a special type of bar graph. Instead of using an axis with numbers, it uses
pictures to represent a particular number of items. For example, you could use a pictogram
for the data above about ages, with an image of a person to show the number of people in
each category:
Number of people in each Age Category
2 (0-10)

5 (11-20)

7 (21-30)

8 (31-40)

4(41-50)

3 (51-60)

Pie Charts
A pie chart looks like a circle (or a
pie) cut up into segments. Pie charts Quarterly
are used to show how the whole Sales
breaks down into parts.
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For example, this data shows the
sales figures for a year, broken 30
down by quarters: 1st Qtr

Without knowing anything more 2nd Qtr

about this business, you might be 3rd Qtr
concerned about the way that sales 4th Qtr
appeared to have dropped over the 35
year.
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Pie charts, unlike bar graphs,
show dependent data.
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The total sales in the year must have to have occurred in one quarter or another. If you’ve
got the figures wrong, and Q1 should be smaller, one of the other quarters will have sales
added to compensate, assuming that you haven’t made a mistake with the total.
Pie charts show percentages of a whole - your total is therefore 100% and the segments of
the pie chart are proportionally sized to represent the percentage of the total.
Usually it is not appropriate to use pie charts for more than 5 or 6 different categories. Lots
of segments are difficult to visualize and such data may be better displayed on a different
type of chart or graph.
Line Graphs
Line graphs are usually used to show dependent data, and particularly trends over time.
Line graphs depict a point value for each category, which are joined in a line. We can use
Line graphs are particularly useful for identifying the point in time at which a certain level of
sales, revenue, scores (or whatever the y value represents) was reached.

Chart Title
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter

Andre James Michelle

A Graph is Worth…
However, you choose to present your data, once you have mastered the skills of producing
clear graphs and charts, you will almost certainly find that the old saying is right: a picture
really can tell a thousand words.
Whether your well-drawn graph is worth a thousand numbers or a dozen, it will certainly be
an effective way of presenting your data and demonstrating the relationships or differences
between them.

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 WHAT’S MORE

Activity 1
In the bar graph, analyze the data and write sentences of Bambi’s weekend activities by using
the following phrases; more than, less than, and as much as with the following phrases below.
Ex. Bambi loves dancing more than working out.

1. socializing / reading
2. playing sports / dancing
3. socializing / working out
4. watching TV / working out
5. reading / playing sports

Bambi's Weekend Activities

5 4.3 4.5
4 3.5
3
Axis Title

3 2.5
2
2
1
0
socializing reading playing sports dancing working out watching TV
Series 1 4.3 2.5 3.5 4.5 2 3
Axis Title

Series 1

Activity 2
When comparing the two graphical components, you find that the table provides you with the
exact numbers of miles, making it easier to do the arithmetic when you want to compare
mileages. The bar graph, though, provides a visual representation of the mileages so that you
can quickly compare relative performances. In other words, the table gives specific
information. The bar graph gives general comparisons. Each serves a function.

One more thing to consider: You can make inferences from both the table and the bar graph.
For example, you could infer from looking at the table that Calib is the weakest runner or that
he is injured. Using the bar graph, you can easily compare Calib’s performance for the week
to the other runners.

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What other inferences can you make? Analyze the line graph below to get an idea of how
someone might make inferences using the “Miles Run in One Week” line graph.

1. What do the colored lines represent?

2. What do the numbers on the vertical axis (the line that goes up and down) of the line
graph represent?
3. Why do the colored lines go up and down as you read across the line graph from left
to right?
4. Now, what is the function of this line graph? Choose the statement below that best
describes the function.

A. It allows you to compare how each student performed during the week’s workouts.
B. It allows you to infer which student runs the fastest.
C. It allows you to easily calculate the total number of miles each student ran in the
week.
D. This type of line graph “tells a story” over time. Since you see a “story” for each
student, it allows you to compare the way students worked out each day.

5. Which two runners seem to plan their workouts together?

__________________

6. Which day do most of the runners work out the hardest?

A. Monday
B. Tuesday
C. Wednesday
D. Thursday
E. Friday

7. Which runner works out hardest on days that are different from the others?

___________________

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Based on what you’ve seen in this lesson, you know that the same information can be
presented as a table, a bar graph, or a line graph. Each type of presentation is best for a
certain function. Keep in mind the following:

Tables give exact numbers and make numerical comparisons easier.

Bar graphs make general “at-a-glance” comparisons.
Line graphs make comparison over time. They tell a story.

Assessment

Decision Making
You are the owner of a fast-food restaurant. You need to make some decisions about product
sales, hours of operation, and worker staffing. Use the data in these graphs to help you make
these decisions.
The heart represents the number of people who loves to eat the following food that will help
you in your decision making.

Food Preferred
= 10 people

Pizza

Hotdog

Hamburger

Taco

The pie chart below represents the percentage of sales during the time of day. This will help
you, which food is popular during the time of day.

Food Sales by Time of Day

other 6-8pm
10% 15%

10-12nn
15%

4-6pm
25%

12-2pm
25% 2-4 pm
10%
6-8pm 4-6pm 2-4 pm 12-2pm 10-12nn other

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The graph below represents the number of minutes needed to prepare each food. Refer to
these data in making your decisions.

minutes to prepare

10
8
6
4
2
0
hotdog taco pizza hamburger

minutes to prepare

Answer the following questions below based on the data gathered on the charts.
Write your answers on your answer sheets.
1. What will your hours of operation be? How did you decide which hours to be open?
2. During which hours will you need the largest crew of workers? Why did you choose these
times?
3. If food preparation time was your only concern, which foods would you have on your
menu? Explain.
4. If customer preference was your only concern, which foods would you have on your
menu? Explain.
5. Which food would you decide to have on your menu, taking into consideration both
preparation time and customer preferences? Explain.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Data can be represented in many ways. The 4 main types of graphs are a bar graph or bar
chart, line graph, pie chart, and pictograph/pictogram.

Bar graphs are used to show relationships between different data series that are independent
of each other. In this case, the height or length of the bar indicates the measured value or
frequency. Below, you can see the example of a bar graph which is the most widespread
visual for presenting statistical data.

Line graphs represent how data has changed over time. This type of charts is especially
useful when you want to demonstrate trends or numbers that are connected. For example,
how sales vary within one year. In this case, financial vocabulary will come in handy. Besides,
line graphs can show dependencies between two objects during a particular period.

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Pie charts are designed to visualize how a whole is divided into various parts. Each segment
of the pie is a particular category within the total data set. In this way, it represents a
percentage distribution.
Pictograph are designed to show or represent data using images. Pictographs represent the
frequency of data while using symbols or images that are relevant to the data. This is one of
the simplest ways to represent statistical data. And reading a pictograph is made extremely
easy as well

WHAT I CAN DO

If you were given 1,000.00 peso for your allowance in a whole week. How will you spend it?
Make a bar graph on how you will spend your money for a week.

Example : This is an example how Jennifer spent her 1 thousand peso allowance for a week.

Jennifer's 1 week Budget

450

400
400

350
Amount Jenniefer spent for each

300

250
250

200

150

100 100 100

100

50
50

0
Pizza fare Softdrink Lunch hamburger Water
Series 1 100 100 50 400 250 100
Axis Title

Series 1

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 ASSESSMENT

I. Matching Type: Match Column A with Column B.

A B
1. Line Graph a) This type of chart that is
used to show how the whole
breaks down into parts.
2. Bar Graph b) This type of graph depicts a
point value for each
category, which are joined
in a line.
3. Pie Graph c) It uses pictures to represent
a particular number of
items.
4. Pictograph d) show numbers that are
independent of each other.

II. Make a Pie Graph showing the number of hours you do the following activity:

1. Sleep
2. Eat
3. Walk
4. Take a Bath
5. Clean the house
6. Study
7. Others: Please specify ___________

III. Writing

Interpret the data provided below. Write at least 5 sentences to describe the information
presented on the graph.

Write the possible title for the graph.

_______________________________

2
2 7

8 2.5
2
0.5

sleep eating taking a bath cleaning studying watching tv others

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 ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

Interpret the data below. Write 3- 5 sentences based on the information given.

Chart Title
100 90 92 90
85
90 80
75 75
80 65
70 55
60
50 40
35
40
30
20
10
0
Sheila Jennifer Dan Greg
Prelims 35 40 75 65
Midterms 90 75 55 80
Finals 90 92 85 90
Axis Title

Prelims Midterms Finals

Example:
The line graph shows the test scores of Sheila, Jennifer, Dan and Greg on their
examinations during Prelim, Midterm and Finals.

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 ++++++ ANSWER KEY

other electronic gadgets.

prefer using phones the most than all 5. Her past time is to read books but loves to play sports more.
10. Based on the illustration, people
4. She loves to watch TV than working out.
9. tablet
8. computer 3. She goes socializing more than working out.
7. phone
6. Pie Chart 2. She plays less sports compared to dancing.
5. Bar and line graph combination
4. Pie Chart 1. Bambi is busy socializing than reading.
3. Pictogram
2. Line Graph
Activity 1
1. Bar Graph
II. Identification

Histogram
Bar Graph Activity 2
Pictogram
Line Graph 1. The colored lines represents’ the 4 runners namely Bobby, Jennifer, Calib and Leticia.
Pie Chart 2. The numbers on the vertical axis (the line that goes up and down) of the line graph
represents the mileage that each runner covers every week.
I. Enumeration 3. The colored lines go up and down as I read across the line graph from left to right because
the runners’ performance for the whole week of training is not consistent.
Pre-Assessment 4. D
5. Jennifer and Calib looks like they planned their workout together.
Answer Key
6. Most runners had their workouts at a higher-level during Thursday.
7. Leticia works out on Tuesday and Wednesday the hardest.

Assessment

Decision Making

1. Based on the Pie chart given the best time of the day to open the store will be around 10 in the morning because it shows that customers are
starting to come in.

2. I will need more workers from 12-2 pm and 4-6 pm because on the data presented on the pie graph the customers are plenty during this tie of
the day.

3. If food preparation time was my only concern, the foods that I will have on my menu would be hotdogs and hamburgers because time
preparation is less.

5. If customer preference was your only concern, my only concern, the foods that I will have on my menu would be hotdogs and hamburgers
because most people love it and there are a lot of people who prefers these kind of food.

6. Taking into consideration both preparation time and customer preferences, the best foods on my menu should be hamburgers and hotdogs.

POST-ASSESSMENT

I. MATCHING TYPE II. ( Sample pie graph on part III of the assessment)
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
II. ( Sample pie graph on part III of the assessment)
III.
1. She cleans the house for 2.5 hours.
2. She took a bath less than an hour.
3. She sleeps 8 hours a day.
4. She watches TV 2 hours a day.
5. She studies her lesson 7 hours in a day.

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 REFERENCES
1. https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2017/01/25/reading-charts-graphs-and-tables/
2. https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/graphs-charts.html
3. https://www.texasgateway.org/resource/evaluate-graphics-informationalprocedural-text-
english-7-reading
4. https://preply.com/en/blog/2018/08/17/charts-graphs-and-diagrams-in-the-
presentation/#scroll-to-heading-12

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