SCIENCE 10

(EARTH AND SPACE)

LESSONS AND COVERAGE

In this module, you will examine these questions when you take the following lesson:
Lesson 1- The Science of Plate Tectonics and Disaster Preparedness
In this lesson, you will learn the following:
Lesson 1
 Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and major mountain belts.
 Describe the different types of plate boundaries.
 Explain the different types of plate boundaries
 Explain the internal structure of the earth
 Describe the possible causes of plate movement
 Enumerate the lines of evidence that support plate movement.
 Infer patterns and relationship among the locations of volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and a
mountain ranges.
 Justify one’s prediction of conclusions with available evidence.

MODULE MAP:

THE EARTH’S INTERIOR

INTRODUCTION TO PLATE
TECTONICS
PLATE TECTONICS

EVIDENCE FOR PLATE

TECTONICS

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF
VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKE,
FOCI, AND MOUNTAIN BELTS

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
EXPECTED SKILLS:
To do well in this module, you need to remember and do the following:
1. Read everything carefully and thoroughly.
2. Always follow the instruction.
3. Finish each activity and submit worksheets before proceeding to the next.
4. Take down notes in your computer or notebook. Process questions will always be asked to
check your understanding.
5. Use a dictionary to look up the meaning of unfamiliar words.
6. Consult your teacher if you need to clarify or verify something about an activity.
7. Follow the schedule of the activities, remind yourself of deadlines. Read in advance when
necessary.
8. Find time to relax and take break. Have fun learning.

PRE-ASSESSMENT:
Let’s find out how much you already know about this module. Choose the letter that you think best
answers the question. Please answer all items. Take note of the items that you were not able to
correctly answer and look for the right answer as you go through this module. Write your answer
before the number.
1. Which of the following increases with distance from a mid-ocean ridge?
a. the age of oceanic lithosphere
b. the depth to the sea floor
c. the thickness of the lithosphere
d. all of the above

The cross section above depicts magnetized oceanic crust at a spreading center. The "+" symbol indicates normal magnetic
bands and the "-" symbol indicates reversed magnetic bands.

2. Which description is the best match to convergent plate boundaries?

a. Two plates move away from each other
b. Two plates move towards each other.
c. Two plates slip past each other
d. One plate moves in, the other moves out.
3. Based on the data provided by seismic waves, which statement is true about the internal
structure of the earth?
a. The core is solid and the mantle is both solid and liquid
b. The crust and the core are both solid, and the mantle is liquid
c. The crust is solid, the mantle is semisolid, the outer core is solid, while the inner core is
liquid.
d. The crust is solid, the mantle is semisolid, the outer core is solid, while the inner core is
liquid
4. Which phrase would best describe the process of subduction?
a. Sinking process
b. Rising process
c. Colliding process
d. Sliding process
5. Why do tectonic plates move?
a. Due to volcanism and earthquakes
b. Due to thermal convection in the mantle
c. Due to earth’s gravitational force
d. Due to earth’s rotation
6. Michael lives in an area very close to an active fault. What should his earthquake emergency
survival kit?
a. Money, important legal documents, radio, back pack
b. Water, no-perishable food, whistle, flashlight with batteries
c. Food, medicine, identification, toiletries, clothes
d. Water, toiletries, flashlight, cash
7. When two tectonic plates collide, the oceanic crust usually subducts beneath the continental
crust because it is
a. denser than continental crust
b. less dense than continental crust
c. thicker than continental crust
d. thinner than continental crust
 8. You are an oceanographer and want to map the ocean floor on the east coast of the
Philippines. As you do your study, you notice that
there is a portion in the ocean floor which is relatively much deeper
than the rest. What most likely is that deeper part?
a. linear sea c. rift valley
b. oceanic ridge d. trench
9. Over what surface do lithospheric plates move?
a lower mantle
b. inner core
c. outer core
d. asthenosphere
10. At what type of plate boundary do shallow-focus earthquakes occur?
a. convergent
b. divergent
c. transform
d. all of these

Let’s begin this module by gathering your ideas about plate tectonics.

WHAT IS PLATE TECTONICS?

Plate tectonics, theory dealing with the dynamics of Earth’s outer shell—the lithosphere—that
revolutionized Earth sciences by providing a uniform context for understanding mountain-building
processes, volcanoes, and earthquakes as well as the evolution of Earth’s surface and reconstructing
its past continents and oceans.

Earth's tectonic platesMap showing Earth's major tectonic plates with arrows depicting the directions of plate movement.Encyclopædia
Britannica, Inc.

The Earth's plates jostle about in fits and starts that are punctuated with earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions.
There are a few handfuls of major plates and dozens of smaller, or minor, plates. Six of the
majors are named for the continents embedded within them, such as the North American, African,
and Antarctic plates. Though smaller in size, the minors are no less important when it comes to
shaping the Earth. The tiny Juan de Fuca plate is largely responsible for the  volcanoes that dot the
Pacific Northwest of the United States.
The plates make up Earth's outer shell, called the lithosphere. (This includes the crust and
uppermost part of the mantle.) Churning currents in the molten rocks below propel them along like a
jumble of conveyor belts in disrepair. Most geologic activity stems from the interplay where the
plates meet or divide.
The movement of the plates creates three types of tectonic boundaries: convergent, where
plates move into one another; divergent, where plates move apart; and transform, where plates
move sideways in relation to each other. They move at a rate of one to two inches (three to five
centimeters) per year.
 The concept of plate tectonics was formulated in the 1960s. According to the theory, Earth has
a rigid outer layer, known as the lithosphere, which is typically about 100 km (60 miles) thick and
overlies a plastic (moldable, partially molten) layer called the asthenosphere. The lithosphere is
broken up into seven very large continental- and ocean-sized plates, six or seven medium-sized
regional plates, and several small ones.
These plates move relative to each other, typically at rates of 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches) per
year, and interact along their boundaries, where they converge, diverge, or slip past one another.
Such interactions are thought to be responsible for most of Earth’s seismic and volcanic activity,
although earthquakes and volcanoes can occur in plate interiors. Plate motions cause mountains to
rise where plates push together, or converge, and continents to fracture and oceans to form where
plates pull apart, or diverge. The continents are embedded in the plates and drift passively with them,
which over millions of years results in significant changes in Earth’s geography.
The theory of plate tectonics is based on a broad synthesis of geologic and geophysical data.
It is now almost universally accepted, and its adoption represents a true scientific
revolution, analogous in its consequences to quantum mechanics in physics or the discovery of
the genetic code in biology. Incorporating the much older idea of continental drift, as well as the
concept of seafloor spreading, the theory of plate tectonics has provided an overarching framework in
which to describe the past geography of continents and oceans, the processes controlling creation
and destruction of landforms, and the evolution of Earth’s crust, atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere,
and climates. During the late 20th and early 21st centuries, it became apparent that plate-tectonic
processes profoundly influence the composition of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans, serve as a prime
cause of long-term climate change, and make significant contributions to the chemical and
physical environment in which life evolves.

https://www.britannica.com/science/plate-tectonics

ACTIVITY NO. 1 (PUT ON THE MAP) go to your worksheets then answer.

NOTE:
 Please read with understanding all the information above as the basis of your answer in all of
the worksheets that to be answered. You can also search through different
sources/references.
 You can also refer these images below in answering activity no.1.
 Please write your answer neatly at the back of your worksheets.
 Answer only activity 1 for week 1.

DEADLINE: AUGUST 28, 2020

 Figure 1
There are volcanoes found all over the Earth, particularly at plate boundaries (see figure 1).
This is due to the collision of plates, which causes uplift in the overlying crust. This uplift results in the
formation of mountainous landforms; melting of the crust due to frictional heating is what creates
magma, which can erupt out of these mountains when pressure gets too high.

Some of the most notable volcanic eruptions are:

 the 1783 eruption of Mt. Laki in Iceland
o released clouds of poisonous flourine and sulfur dioxide which killed off about 50% of the
livestock population
o that summer in Great Britain was known as "sand-summer" due to ash carried over the Atlantic
o poisonous clouds spread over Europe, and a buildup of aerosols caused a cooling effect in the
entire Northern Hemisphere
 the 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora in Indonesia
o gas releases caused the Stratosphere to change drastically
o noxious ash and poisoned rain clouds killed off vegetation
 the 1902 eruption of Mt. Pelee in Martinique
o spewed toxic clouds traveling at speeds of 600mph
o largest eruption in the 20th century
For further information on volcanoes around the world, visit http://www.mapsofworld.com/major-
volcanoes.htm.
Source: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2003/silvester/Page6Famous.htm

RUBRIC (all your answers will be graded based on this given rubric)
Features 4 3 2 1

Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner

Quality of Piece was Piece was written Piece had little Piece had no style
Writing written in an in an interesting style or voice or voice
extraordinary style and voice
style and voice Gives some Gives no new
Somewhat new information and
Very informative and information very poorly
informative and organized but poorly organized
well-organized organized
Grammar, Virtually no Few spelling and A number of So many spelling,
Usage & spelling, punctuation errors, spelling, punctuation and
Mechanics punctuation or minor grammatical punctuation or grammatical
grammatical errors grammatical errors that it
errors errors interferes with
the meaning
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DIVISION OF CABADBARAN CITY

NORTHERN MINDANAO COLLEGES, INC.

Atega Street, Barangay 11 Poblacion, Cabadbaran City
8605 Agusan del Norte, Region XIII
NON-SECTARIAN
1946

GRADE 10 SCIENCE
WORKSHEETS
Quarter 1
Week 1-3
Name: _______________________ Grade Level & Section: ________________________
School: Northern Mindanao Colleges, Inc. (NORMI)
Name of Teacher: Jackielou S. Lañojan

I. Learning Competency
 Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
mountain belts to the Plate Tectonic Theory (S10ES – Ia-j-36.1)
 Specific Objectives:
 Describe the Earth as a Planet
 Explain the relationship among the locations of the volcanoes, epicenter, and mountain
ranges
 Demonstrate ways to ensure disaster preparedness during earthquakes, tsunamis, and
volcanic eruptions

 Topics: Distribution of the ff:

 volcanoes
 earthquake epicenters
 mountain ranges

II. What I Need to Know

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee under the GASTPE Program of the Department of Education

III. Learning Activities

a. Activity No. 1 (PUT ON THE MAP)
 Directions: Look at the world map shown below. Where do you thinks earthquake are most
likely to happen? Where can you find volcanoes? Where are the major mountain belts of the
world located? Where are the tsunamis most likely to occur?
 Write your answer to these questions by filling in the “Put on the Map” worksheets below.
Alternatively, you can download a copy of the map then crop, label, and, paste parts of it or the
whole map under the “Where in the World?” column. Then write your reason or explanation
under the “Why here?’ column.

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee under the GASTPE Program of the Department of Education

b. Activity No. 2: (PROMPT MY BRAIN)

 Directions: In the previous activity, you pointed out the location of the earthquakes,
volcanoes, mountain belts, and tsunamis using world map. Are you currently located in one of
those places? If you are, should we prepare for disasters that include volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes and tsunamis? Moreover, how do Earth’s, plate movements affect humans?
Sum up your answers to these questions by filling in the initial column of the IRF Chart.
 Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee under the GASTPE Program of the Department of Education

c. Activity No. 3 (SURF THE NET)

Directions: You are now about to learn more about plate tectonics. As you explore this concept,
do remember the various study skills and strategies that were mentioned initially in this module
such as downloading videos, exporting a web, page to PDF, taking screen shots, screen
recording, taking down notes, posting stickers, using a dictionary, among others.
Part 1: A Quick Tour of Plate Tectonics

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee under the GASTPE Program of the Department of Education

Process Questions:
1. What is continental drift?
2. Why did scientist reject Wegener’s idea of continental drift?
3. What is plate tectonics?

IV. Assessment:
Directions: Choose and encircle the letter that you think best answers the question. Please answer
all the items. Take note that you were not able to correctly answer and look for the right answer as
you through.
1. Earthquakes, volcanism, and, mountain building are three of the most spectacular earth
processes related to tectonic activity. Which statement justifies the occurrence of several
volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire?
a. The magma is not active in the peripheral areas of the Pacific Ocean Basin.
b. The peripheral areas of the Pacific Ocean Basin contain the boundaries of several plates
where subduction takes place.
c. Earthquakes and tsunamis occurred when these volcanoes were formed thus, changing
the landscape
d. The plate beneath the Pacific Ocean mis constantly moving, thus, forming more volcanoes.
2. Which of the following answers lists events that result from the motion of Tectonic Plates?
a. hurricanes and tropical depressions
b. high tides and low tides
c. earthquakes and mountain building
d. landslide
3. Why is an emergency disaster kit necessary at home if you live in the Philippines?
a. Because it is highly vulnerable country
b. Because it is prone to typhoons
c. Because its geographic location puts it at high risk to natural disasters
d. Because it is high risk to the effects of climate change
4. Japan and United States are developed countries. Japan and the west coast of the USA are
located along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Are those two countries vulnerable to the effects of
earthquakes?
a. They are not at risk because of their geographical location.
b. They are at high risk, however the extent of damage that may be caused by an earthquake
may depend on its magnitude, their level of preparedness and the kind of technology
c. They are not at risk because they have the latest technology
d. They are at high risk, even if they are rich countries because the Pacific Ring of Fire lies
along plate boundaries where active volcanism and most major earthquakes occur.
5. Which evidence in recent history suggest that plates move?
a. Earthquake and tsunami in Japan in 2011
b. Eruption of Mayon volcano in Albay
c. A and C
d. None of the above
6. You are the president of your grade 10 class. You have studied earthquakes in the past, but
this school year is almost over, and the school did not conduct an earthquake drill. What
should you do?
a. Educate your classmate about earthquakes.
b. Educate your adviser about earthquake hazards.
c. Conduct and earthquake drill with your classmates during home room period.
d. Consult with your adviser and principal and suggest an earthquake drill for the school
 7. Why should a tsunami warning system be established in coastal areas?
a. To warn people during an earthquake
b. For immediate evacuation
c. All the above
d. None of the above

V. Enrichment: See this links Pracovní list ke stažení: krizovka.pdf and past your answers thru via
email.

VI. References:
 Grade 10 Learning Module – Science, Private Education Assistance
Committee, page 1, pages 3-13.
 Meliza P. Valdoz et al., Science Links: Worktext for Scientific and Technological
Literacy, Rex Book Store, Inc.2017,
 http://geology.com/world-map.shtml
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6SG7GPAlo Earth’s Interior-Seismic
Evidence Explanation, By Chris Merket(14.31 minutes)
 http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/plate -tectonics/Chap 1-Pioneers-of Plate-
Tectonics/Alfred-Wegener
 Pracovní list ke stažení: krizovka.pdf