Islamic Math Summary

ISLAMIC MATH
The Qur’an itself encourage the accumulation of knowledge.
9th to 15th Century is the GOLDEN AGE of Islamic Science and Mathematics flourished throughout the
MEDIEVAL PERIOD.
The House of Wisdom was set up in Baghdad around 810
Muhammad Al-Khwarizmib - An outstanding Persian Mathematician and was an early Director of

House of Wisdom in the 9th century and one of the greatest early Muslim Mathematicians.
He is the most important contribution to mathematics was his strong advocacy to the Hindu
numerical system.
Other important contribution was algebra, he introduced the fundamental algebraic methods of
“reduction” and “balancing” and provided an exhaustive account of solving polynomial equations up
to the second degree. He helped create a powerful abstract mathematical language that still used
across the world today, and allowed a much more general way of analyzing problems.
Binomial Theorem
10th century Persian mathematician Muhammad Al-Karaji worked to extend algebra still further
freeing it from its geometrical heritage, and introduced the theory of algebraic calculus.
 Frst to use the method of proof by mathematical induction to prove his results, by providing that
the first statement in an infinite sequence is true
 A Binomial is a simple type of algebraic expression which has two terms which are operated on
only addition, subtraction, multiplication and positive whole-number exponents, such as (x + y) 2.
The co-efficient needed when a binomial is expanded from a symmetrical triangle, usually
referred to as Pascal’s Triangle after 17 th Century French mathematician Blaise Pascal.
Al-Karaji Omar Khayyam - known as poet and the writer of “Rubaiyat” an important mathematician
and astronomer in his own right generalized Indian methods for extracting square and cube roots to
include fourth,fifth and higher roots in early 12 th century.
 Carried out systematic analysis were actually several different sorts of cubic equations
 Credited with identifying the foundations of algebraic geometry, he was held back from
further advances by his inability to separate the algebra from geometry, and a purely algebraic
method from the solution of cubic equations.
Nasir Al-Din Al-Tusi 13th century Persian astronomer, scientist and mathematician was the first to
treat trigonometry as a separate mathematical discipline,distinct from astronomy. Earlier work by
Greek mathematicians as Menelaus of Alexandria and Indian work on his sine function.
 Give the first extensive exposition of spherical trigonometry, including listing six distinct
cases of a right triangle in spherical trigonometry.
 Major mathematical contributions was formulation of famous law sines for plane.
OTHER MEDIEVAL MUSLIM MATHEMATICIAN
 9th Century Arab Thabit ibn Qurra - developed a general formila by which amicable numbers
could be derived, re-discovered much later by both Fermat and Descartes (amicable numbers
are pairs of numbers for which the sum of the divisor of one number equal the other number.
 10th Century Arab Mathematician Abul Hasan Al-Uqlidisi - who wrote the earliest surviving text
showing the positional use of decimals instead of fractions.
 10th Century Arab geometer Ibrahim ibn Sinan, who continued Archimedes investigation of areas
and volumes, as well as on tangents of a circle.
 11th Century Persian Ibn Al-Haytham(also known as Alhazen), - who in addition to his
groundbreaking work on optics and physics, established the beginnings of the link between
algebra and geometry, and devised what known as “Alhazer’s problem”( he was the first
mathematician to derived the formula for the sum of the fourth powers, using method that is
readily generalize ).
 13th Century Persian Kamal al-Din al-Farisi, who applied the theory of conic sections to solve
optical problems, as well as pursuing work in number theory such as on amicable numbers,
factorization and combination methods.
 13th Century Moroccan Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakushi, - whose works included topics such as
computing square roots and the theory of continued fractions, as well as the discovery of the
first new pair of amicable number since ancient times 917,296 and 18,416, later re-discoveed by
Fermat) and the first use of algebraic notation since Brahmagupta.
With the stifling influence of the Turkish Ottoman Empire from the 14 th to 15th Century onwards,
Islamic mathematics stagnated, and further developments moved to Europe.

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ISLAMIC MATH

The Qur’an itself encourage the accumulation of knowledge.

The House of Wisdom was set up in Baghdad around 810

Muhammad Al-Khwarizmib - An outstanding Persian Mathematician and was an early Director of

OTHER MEDIEVAL MUSLIM MATHEMATICIAN

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