VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama” Belagavi – 590010

Submitted as subject Assignment

work,

Case study on Fire Safety, Unsafe Acts,

Machine Shop

BACHELOR OF
ENGINEERING IN
Computer Science and Engineering

Submitted By
Ajay N 4AL19CS005

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ALVA’S INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
MOODBIDRI – 574 225, KARNATAKA
2022-2023
 TABLE OF CONTENT

SL.NO TOPIC PAGE NO

01 Case study on Fire safety 1-3
02 Case study on Unsafe Acts 4-6
03 Case study on Machine Shop 7-9
FIRE SAFETY

Case Study 01

Demonstration on Fire Safety

This case study gives brief introduction about fire extinguishers, fire safety, fire protection
kits, and how to handle the fire when it caught.

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire. Fire
safety measures include those that are intended to prevent the ignition of an uncontrolled fire and
those that are used to limit the development and effects of a fire after it starts. A fire department or
fire brigade, also known as a fire authority, fire district, fire and rescue, or fire service in some
areas, is an organization that provides fire prevention and fire suppression services. Fire
departments are most commonly a public sector organization that operate within a municipality,
county, state, nation, or special district. Private and specialist firefighting organizations also exist,
such as those for aircraft rescue and firefighting. A fire department contains one or more fire
stations within its boundaries, and may be staffed by firefighters, who may be professional,
volunteers, conscripts, or on-call. Combination fire departments employ a mix of professional and
volunteer firefighters.

1.2 SNAPSHOT

Fig 1.1 Represents how to use the foam fire extinguisher when fire caught

Dept of Computer Science and Engineering

Page No 1
FIRE SAFETY

1.3 Causes of Fire Hazardness

A hazard is something that poses danger, peril, risk, or difficulty. On the golf course a lake
can be a hazard. A wet floor can be a slipping hazard. This module covers three other types of
hazards: common fire hazards, special fire hazards, and hazardous materials. Part of this module
covers fire hazards and part hazardous materials.
• Smoking
The recent discussions related to health issues surrounding tobacco smoking may cloud the
fact that smoking is still a serious fire issue. Smoking now is banned in some facilities, but it is
still permitted in many occupancies. Hazardous areas need "no-smoking" policies. Fire-related no-
smoking policies need to be strictly enforced. Safe, properly designed smoking areas need to be
provided to keep people from sneaking smokes in improper locations. Residue from smoking must
be collected in proper ash receptacles and disposed of properly.
• Static Electricity
Grain elevators, because of the chutes and lifts, create static electricity problems. The grain
dusts which accumulate also create explosive atmospheres which can be countered only by
keeping the elevators properly cleaned.
• Flammable Liquids
All of the codes require careful control of flammable liquids. Misused flammable materials
are very dangerous. All of the fire codes give allowable limits of flammable liquids permitted to be
within buildings. Become familiar with these limits and with the recommended safe practices for
proper storage. Flammable liquids, for the most part, must be properly stored, as in a "flammable
liquid storage cabinet."

1.4 Protection Measures

• Provide adequate means of escape
The first rule of fire management requires sufficient escape routes out of the building, in
accordance with its scale and occupancy. The number, size and location of exits are specified in
the National Building Code (NBC) 2005, a detailed set of guidelines for constructing, maintaining
and operating buildings of all types. Office occupiers must additionally ensure that staircases,
stairwells and corridors are well-maintained, ventilated and free of obstacles in order to be
effective in an emergency.

Dept of Computer Science and Engineering

Page No 2
FIRE SAFETY

• Install smoke detection systems

The first few minutes of a fire are crucial in containing it. Automatic fire alarm systems such as
smoke and heat detectors are mandatory elements in international building codes, and particularly
useful in spotting fires during times when occupancy in the building is low.

• Maintain smoke suppression systems

Fire extinguishers are only useful if they work, so check them regularly. High-rise
buildings, which are harder to access and evacuate, should consider installing automatic sprinkler
systems. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), a US-based non-profit body, estimates
that automatic suppression systems lower the cost of damage by 60%. Karguppikar endorses their
use, admitting that “the fire in one of the rooms on the 18th floor of the Oberoi was extinguished
by its sprinkler system and it was an eye-opener for all of us".

1.5 Fire Sign Symbols

Dept of Computer Science and Engineering

Page No 3
UNSAFE ACTS NEAR OUR SURROUNDINGS

Case Study 02
Unsafe Acts Near Our Surroundings
This case study gives brief introduction about the unsafe conditions and unsafe acts in our
surrounding, which could lead to critical damages.

2.1 INTRODUCTION
Handling and storing materials involve diverse operations such as hoisting tons of steel
with a crane; driving a truck loaded with concrete blocks; carrying bags or materials manually;
and stacking palletized bricks or other materials such as drums, barrels, kegs, and lumber. And,
also not wearing helmet and proper gear. The efficient handling and storing of materials are vital
to industry. In addition to raw materials, these operations provide a continuous flow of parts and
assemblies through the workplace and ensure that materials are available when needed.
Unfortunately, the improper handling and storing of materials often result in costly injuries.

2.2 SNAPSHOT

Fig 2.1 Workers lifting construction block without wearing helmet and shoes

Dept of Computer Science and Engineering

Page No 3
UNSAFE ACTS NEAR OUR SURROUNDINGS
2.3 Potential Hazards for Workers
Workers should be able to recognize the methods for eliminating—or at least minimizing
—the occurrence of such accidents. Employers and employees should examine their workplaces to
detect any unsafe or unhealthful conditions, practices, or equipment and take corrective action.
falling objects, improperly stacked materials, and various types of equipment. You should make
your employees aware of potential injuries that can occur when manually moving materials,
including the following:
• Strains and sprains:
from lifting loads improperly or from carrying loads that are either too large or too
heavy
• Fractures and bruises:
caused by being struck by materials or by being caught in pinch points, and
• Cuts and bruises:
caused by falling materials that have been improperly stored or by incorrectly cutting
ties or other securing devices.

2.4 Protection Measures

Workers should always wear appropriate personal protective equipment and use proper
lifting techniques. To prevent injury from oversize loads, workers should seek help in the
following:
• When a load is so bulky that employees cannot properly grasp or lift it,
• When employees cannot see around or over a load, or
• When employees cannot safely handle a load.
Using the following personal protective equipment prevents needless injuries when manually
moving materials:
• Hand and forearm protection, such as gloves, for loads with sharp or rough edges.
• Eye protection.
• Steel-toed safety shoes or boots.
• Metal, fiber, or plastic metatarsal guards to protect the instep area from impact or
compression
Workers may be knowledgeable about powered equipment, they should take precautions when
stacking and storing material. When picking up items with a powered industrial truck, workers
must do the following:
• Center the load on the forks as close to the mast as possible to minimize the potential
for the truck tipping or the load falling,

Dept of Computer Science and Engineering

Page No 4
UNSAFE ACTS NEAR OUR SURROUNDINGS

• Avoid overloading a lift truck because it impairs control and causes tipping over,
• Do not place extra weight on the rear of a counterbalanced forklift to allow an
overload,
• Adjust the load to the lowest position when traveling,
• Follow the truck manufacturer’s operational requirements.

2.5 Unsafe Acts Symbols

Dept of Computer Science and Engineering

Page No 5
Visit to Machine Shop

Case Study 03
Visit To Machine Shop
This case study gives brief introduction about the oberservation made by me in machine
shop and foundry lab, and also about the hazardness, and safety precaution related to those.

3.1 INTRODUCTION
Machine shop and foundry lab could be the most riskest place to work if proper
precautions will not be taken. Here, we intend to talk about the hazardess, safety measures. A
machine shop can look a lot like a torture chamber, and with good reason. Almost any piece of
equipment in the shop has the potential to injure you. Walk into a machine shop without training
or protective gear, and you have the potential to be pinched, punched, cut, blinded, crushed,
impaled, or electrocuted.
For workers, it is critical knowing which machine shop hazards are likely to occur, lowering the
likelihood of potential injuries. OSHA assists in making knowledge available with their Basics of
Machine Safeguarding information. One of the first safety initiatives in any machine shop is
safeguarding equipment, followed by training and personal protective equipment (PPE).

3.2 SNAPSHOT

Fig 3.1 Workers lifting construction block without wearing helmet and shoes

Dept of Computer Science and Engineering

Page No 7
Visit to Machine Shop

2.3 Potential Hazards for Workers

There are an astonishing number of ways to lose a body part in a machine shop. Fifty
percent of mechanical power press injuries result in amputations. Bending machines, presses,
rolling machines, saws, shears and shaping machines of any kind can easily remove a finger or
worse. Anything designed to cut metal, plastic, or wood will have no difficulty cutting through
flesh and bone. Here is a look at the mechanical components OSHA deems hazardous:
• Point of Operation – This is where the machine performs work, including cutting,
shaping, boring, and forming.

• Power-Transmission Apparatuse - These are components that transmit energy, such as

flywheels, pulleys, belts, chains, couplings, connecting rods, spindles, cams, and gears.

• Moving Parts – These are parts of the machine that move during operation, such as
rotating motions that may grip clothing and force a worker’s body into dangerous
locations.

A worker who has not be been properly trained should not be touching metalworking machines.
Never let an employer or coworker tell you to use a tool you are not trained to use. The most
common hazardess in the machine lab is :

• Cut Injuries: When it comes to cut hazards and cut injuries, fingers definitely need
protecting when handling metal, materials and parts. From metal burrs, metal chips and
finished metalwork pieces, sharp objects are always a concern in a machine shop.

• Crushes, Impact and Pinch Points: Not everything that injures does so by slicing.
Crushes and pinch points are other major hazards in machine shops. Any piece of material
or equipment of significant weight can cause crush injuries if dropped, most often injuring
insufficiently protected fingers and toes.

• Impaired Vision: Flying fragments, particles and projectiles are always a concern for
those machining and installing metalwork pieces. Projections such as screws and burrs
during machine operations increase the risk of injury.

• Chemical hazards and poor ventilation - While specific tasks require protective gear
such as welding with its many types of face masks and helmets, this may not prevent toxic
substances from causing a problem. Poor ventilation is a concern with welding, as well as
for grinding, finishing, and other machining tasks.

Dept of Computer Science and Engineering

Page No 8
Visit to Machine Shop

3.4 Protection Measures

While specific techniques can be deployed to deal with common hazards, general safety
improvements are going to have the most significant impact across the board. These are
some details that every manufacturing operation and safety team should ensure are
maintained:
• Well-maintained PPE - Personal Protective Equipment and safety gear are musts, and
most workplaces already conform to this standard. Choosing the right safety gear is
essential to healthy working conditions, but perhaps more important is the condition of that
equipment. Helmets that are old, worn, and dirty are going to be more likely to break down
in an emergency. The same holds true for gloves, footwear, clothing, and any other item of
PPE.
• Clean work areas and stations - The entire machine shop must remain clean, which
means all workers are responsible for keeping their areas or workstations tidy. Doing so
will prevent common injuries that occur from spills, hazards and environmental issues.
Most important, maintaining clean work areas promotes accountability and encourages
everyone to play a role in keeping the entire plant safe and secure.
• Comprehensive safety training - The entire workforce should be trained and educated in
safety protocols, covering everything from using and wearing protective equipment to
operating machinery.
• Documented safety ops - Documentation plays a significant role in the safety and security
of a machine shop. Efforts should include logs for safety events, ranging from machines
that have been serviced to detailed rundowns of accidents and potential failures.
• Promoting safety on the floor - Preventing machine shop injuries is key to having a
productive and safe machine shop. Employing these practices should make your operation
the best it can be, both for business and your workers.

3.5 Safety Symbols

Fig 3.2 Symbols cautioning workers from hazards

Dept of Computer Science and Engineering

Page No 9