Subject – safety in engineering industries (28215)

ASSIGNMENT NO 1
Prepare a list of hazard and accident control measure in steel
industry

1. Conduct regular risk assessments to identify potential hazards and accidents in the steel
industry.

2. Implement a comprehensive safety program that includes training, equipment

maintenance, and emergency response procedures.

3. Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) such as helmets, gloves, and safety glasses
to all employees.

4. Use engineering controls to eliminate or minimize hazards, such as enclosing hazardous

processes or installing guardrails and barriers.

5. Establish safe work procedures for all tasks, including lifting, handling, and moving heavy
objects.

6. Implement a lockout/tagout system to prevent unexpected start-up of machinery during

maintenance or repair activities.

7. Conduct regular inspections of equipment and machinery to identify and address

potential hazards before they become accidents.

8. Develop emergency response plans that include evacuation procedures, first aid
protocols, and communication strategies in case of accidents or emergencies.

9. Implement a system for reporting and investigating accidents and near-misses to identify
the root causes and prevent future incidents.

10. Encourage open communication between employees and management to promote a

culture of safety and accountability throughout the organization.

ASSIGNMENT NO 2
Prepare a list of hazards and accident control measures in automobile industry

1. Hazard: Slips, trips, and falls due to wet or oily floors, cluttered work areas, or uneven
surfaces.
Accident Control Measures:
 a. Regular cleaning and maintenance of floors and work areas.
b. Use of slip-resistant mats and floor coatings.
c. Proper storage of materials and equipment to prevent clutter.
d. Use of safety footwear with slip-resistant soles.

2. Hazard: Strains, sprains, and back injuries due to heavy lifting or repetitive motions.
Accident Control Measures:
a. Proper lifting techniques, such as using the legs instead of the back.
b. Use of lifting equipment, such as forklifts or hoists, for heavy loads.
c. Proper ergonomic design of workstations and equipment to minimize repetitive
motions.
d. Regular stretching and warm-up exercises to prevent muscle strains.

3. Hazard: Exposure to hazardous substances, such as solvents, lubricants, or cleaning

agents.
Accident Control Measures:
a. Proper labelling and storage of hazardous substances in designated areas.
b. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, masks, and safety glasses,
when handling hazardous substances.
c. Regular monitoring and testing of air quality in work areas to ensure safe levels of
hazardous substances.
d. Proper disposal of hazardous waste in accordance with local and national environmental
laws.

4. Hazard: Electrical hazards due to exposed wiring, faulty equipment, or static electricity
build-up.
Accident Control Measures:
a. Regular inspection and maintenance of electrical systems and equipment to ensure
proper grounding and insulation.
b. Use of ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) to prevent electrical shock hazards in
wet areas or near water sources.
c. Proper use of electrical equipment, such as following manufacturer's instructions and
avoiding overloading circuits or using damaged equipment.
d. Use of anti-static mats and wristbands to prevent static electricity build-up in areas with
sensitive electronic components or flammable materials.

5. Hazard: Fire hazards due to flammable materials, sparks from equipment, or improper
storage of combustible materials.
Accident Control Measures:
a. Regular inspection and maintenance of equipment and machinery to prevent sparks or
overheating that could cause fires or explosions.
b. Proper storage of flammable materials in designated areas with proper ventilation and
fire suppression systems in place (e.g., fire extinguishers).
c. Regular training on fire safety procedures for all employees, including emergency
evacuation plans and proper use of fire extinguishers if necessary.
d. Regular inspection and testing of fire suppression systems to ensure proper operation in
case of emergency situations (e.g., sprinkler systems).
 ASSIGNMENT 3
State and justify how housekeeping play an important role in hot
rolling mill industry

Housekeeping is an essential aspect of any industry, and it plays a crucial role in the hot
rolling mill industry. Here's how:

1. Safety: Housekeeping practices in hot rolling mills are critical for ensuring the safety of
the workers. The mills involve high temperatures, heavy machinery, and moving parts that
pose a significant risk to the workers. A clean and organized workspace reduces the risk of
accidents caused by tripping, slipping, or getting caught in machinery.

2. Equipment Maintenance: Housekeeping practices also help in maintaining the equipment

in good condition. Dust, debris, and other materials can accumulate on machines, leading to
malfunctions and breakdowns. Regular cleaning and maintenance of equipment can prevent
such issues and reduce downtime, which is crucial for maintaining productivity.

3. Quality Control: Housekeeping practices are essential for ensuring product quality. Dust,
dirt, and other contaminants can enter the production process, leading to defects in the
final product. A clean workspace reduces the risk of contamination and ensures that the
final product meets the required quality standards.

4. Environmental Protection: Housekeeping practices also contribute to environmental

protection by minimizing waste generation and pollution control. Proper disposal of waste
materials and adherence to environmental standards can prevent pollution and reduce the
environmental footprint of the hot rolling mill industry.

In summary, housekeeping practices are crucial for ensuring safety, equipment

maintenance, quality control, and environmental protection in hot rolling mill industries.
Therefore, it is essential to prioritize housekeeping practices as a critical aspect of hot rolling
mill operations.

ASSIGNMENT 4
List complete setup of fire protection system in malls and cinema
hall
A comprehensive fire protection system for malls and cinema halls typically includes the following
components:

1. Fire Detection System: This system consists of smoke detectors, heat detectors, and flame
detectors that are strategically placed throughout the building to detect any signs of fire. The system
is connected to a central control panel that alerts the authorities in case of an emergency.
2. Fire Alarm System: Once the fire detection system is activated, the fire alarm system sends out an
audible and visual alarm to alert the occupants of the building. The alarm is also connected to the
local fire department to notify them of the emergency.

3. Fire Sprinkler System: This system consists of a network of pipes filled with water or a fire
suppressant agent that is activated by heat sensors. The sprinklers are strategically placed
throughout the building to contain the spread of fire and prevent it from spreading further.

4. Fire Suppression System: This system is used in areas where water damage may cause significant
harm, such as computer rooms or archives. It uses a clean agent like CO2 or inert gases to suppress
fires without causing any damage to sensitive equipment.

5. Emergency Lighting System: In case of a power outage, this system provides emergency lighting to
guide occupants safely out of the building.

6. Fire Escape System: This system includes staircases, fire exits, and evacuation routes that are well-
marked and easily accessible in case of an emergency.

7. Fire Training and Drills: Regular training and drills are conducted for all staff members and
occupants to ensure they are familiar with the fire protection systems and evacuation procedures in
case of an emergency.

8. Maintenance and Inspection: Regular maintenance and inspection of all fire protection systems
are conducted to ensure they are functioning correctly and efficiently at all times.

ASSIGNMENT 5
State different types of occupational health hazards and safety
measures in sugar industry

1. Chemical Hazards:

a) Exposure to Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): This gas is produced during the sugarcane crushing
process and can cause respiratory problems, irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat. Safety
measures include providing respirators, ventilation systems, and monitoring SO2 levels.

b) Exposure to Pesticides: Sugar mills often use pesticides to control pests in sugarcane
fields. These chemicals can cause skin irritation, respiratory problems, and neurological
disorders. Safety measures include providing personal protective equipment (PPE), training
workers on safe handling procedures, and regularly monitoring pesticide levels.

c) Exposure to Formaldehyde: This chemical is used in the production of sugar crystals and
can cause respiratory problems, skin irritation, and cancer. Safety measures include
providing respirators, ventilation systems, and monitoring formaldehyde levels.

2. Physical Hazards:
a) Slips, Trips, and Falls: Sugar mills have wet floors due to the sugarcane juice, which can
lead to slips, trips, and falls. Safety measures include providing slip-resistant footwear,
maintaining clean floors, and installing handrails and guardrails.

b) Machinery Accidents: Sugar mills have various types of machinery that can cause
accidents such as amputations, crush injuries, and burns. Safety measures include providing
PPE such as gloves and safety glasses, regular machinery maintenance, and training workers
on safe machinery operation procedures.

3. Biological Hazards:

a) Exposure to Sugar Cane Juice: Sugarcane juice contains bacteria that can cause skin
infections such as folliculitis. Safety measures include providing PPE such as gloves and
aprons, regular cleaning of equipment used in sugarcane processing, and monitoring
bacterial levels in the juice.

b) Exposure to Dust: Sugar mills produce a lot of dust during the crushing process that can
cause respiratory problems such as asthma and bronchitis. Safety measures include
providing respirators, regular dust control measures such as vacuum cleaning and wetting
down surfaces during crushing.

Overall safety measures in the sugar industry include regular health screenings for workers
exposed to hazardous substances, providing training on safe working procedures,
maintaining clean work environments, regular equipment maintenance, and implementing
emergency response plans in case of accidents or hazardous substance spills.

ASSIGNMENT 6
Prepare a list of housekeeping in textile industry. justify
housekeeping and safety move hand to hand.

Housekeeping in the textile industry refers to the practices and procedures implemented to
maintain cleanliness, orderliness, and hygiene in the workplace. It involves regular cleaning,
organizing, and disposing of waste to prevent accidents, reduce production costs, and
improve employee health and safety. Here is a list of housekeeping practices in the textile
industry:

1. Regular cleaning: Textile factories should have a cleaning schedule that includes daily,
weekly, and monthly tasks. Daily cleaning should focus on high-traffic areas such as
entryways, restrooms, and break rooms. Weekly cleaning should cover production areas,
storage rooms, and offices. Monthly cleaning should include deep cleaning of equipment
and machinery.

2. Proper waste management: Textile factories should have a waste management system
that includes segregation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste, regular collection and
disposal of waste, and proper labelling and storage of hazardous materials.
3. Proper storage of materials: Textile factories should have a storage system that ensures
easy access to materials while preventing clutter and obstruction of walkways and
equipment. Materials should be stored in labelled containers to prevent confusion and
misuse.

4. Proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE): Textile factories should provide PPE
such as gloves, masks, and safety glasses to employees handling hazardous materials or
operating heavy machinery. Employees should be trained on how to use PPE correctly and
when it is necessary to wear it.

5. Regular equipment maintenance: Textile factories should have a maintenance schedule

for all equipment and machinery that includes regular inspections, lubrication, and repairs.
This will prevent breakdowns, reduce maintenance costs, and improve safety by preventing
accidents caused by malfunctioning equipment.

6. Regular training for employees: Textile factories should provide regular training to
employees on housekeeping practices, safety procedures, and emergency response
protocols. This will ensure that employees are aware of their responsibilities regarding
housekeeping and safety and can respond appropriately in emergency situations.

7. Regular inspections: Textile factories should conduct regular inspections of the workplace
to identify any potential hazards or areas that require improvement in terms of
housekeeping or safety practices. Inspections should be conducted by a qualified person
who can provide recommendations for improvement based on the findings.

Housekeeping practices are essential in the textile industry because they contribute to
employee health and safety, reduce production costs, prevent accidents caused by clutter or
obstruction of walkways or equipment, improve productivity by preventing breakdowns or
malfunctions caused by dirty or poorly maintained equipment, and enhance the overall
image of the company as a clean and organized workplace. Safety practices are equally
important because they prevent accidents caused by hazardous materials or heavy
machinery, reduce insurance premiums due to fewer accidents or injuries, and improve
employee morale by demonstrating the company's commitment to their well-being.
Therefore, it is essential for textile factories to prioritize housekeeping and safety practices
as part of their overall business strategy.

ASSIGNMENT 7
List out lifting tackles and lifting machines. define hazards and
preventive measures of each.
Lifting Tackles:
1. Chain Blocks: A chain block is a mechanical device used to lift and move heavy loads. It
consists of a drum, a chain, and a hand-operated or electric motor. Hazards:
- Chain breakage or slippage
- Drum overload
- Motor failure
- Chain jamming in the drum
Preventive measures:
- Regular inspection and maintenance of the chain block
- Use of high-quality chains and drums
- Proper loading and unloading procedures
- Regular lubrication of the chain and drum
2. Wire Rope Slings: Wire rope slings are flexible lifting devices made of wire ropes. They are
used to lift and move heavy loads. Hazards:
- Wire rope corrosion or wear
- Knot failure or slippage
- Overloading of the sling
Preventive measures:
- Regular inspection and maintenance of the wire rope slings
- Use of high-quality wire ropes and fittings
- Proper loading and unloading procedures
- Regular lubrication of the wire rope slings
3. Hooks: Hooks are metal devices used to attach lifting tackles to loads. Hazards:
- Hook failure or breakage due to overloading or fatigue
Preventive measures:
- Regular inspection and maintenance of the hooks
- Use of high-quality hooks with appropriate load ratings
- Proper loading and unloading procedures
Lifting Machines:
1. Cranes: Cranes are heavy machinery used to lift, move, and place heavy loads. They
consist of a boom, a hoist, and a cab. Hazards:
- Boom collapse or overturning due to wind or load imbalance
- Hoist failure or breakage due to overloading or fatigue
Preventive measures:
- Regular inspection and maintenance of the crane components
- Use of high-quality components with appropriate load ratings
- Proper loading and unloading procedures
- Regular calibration and testing of the crane's load capacity
2. Hoists: Hoists are mechanical devices used to lift heavy loads vertically or horizontally.
They consist of a drum, a motor, and a rope or chain. Hazards:
- Motor failure or overheating due to overloading or improper use
Preventive measures:
- Regular inspection and maintenance of the hoist components
- Use of high-quality components with appropriate load ratings
- Proper loading and unloading procedures
3. Forklifts: Forklifts are industrial trucks used to lift, move, and place heavy loads
horizontally. They consist of forks, a cab, and a motor. Hazards:
- Fork failure or breakage due to overloading or impact damage
Preventive measures:
- Regular inspection and maintenance of the forklift components, including forks, tires, and
brakes
- Use of high-quality components with appropriate load ratings for the intended application
4. Aerial Work Platforms (AWPs): AWPs are elevating work platforms used to provide access
to elevated work areas. They consist of a platform, an elevating mechanism, and a power
source. Hazards:
- Platform collapse or tipping due to overloading or improper use
Preventive measures:
- Regular inspection and maintenance of the AWP components, including platform,
elevating mechanism, and power source
5. Vacuum Lifters: Vacuum lifters are mechanical devices used to lift heavy loads by creating
suction between the load surface and the vacuum lifter's pad. Hazards:
- Vacuum failure due to air leakage or contamination
Preventive measures:
- Regular inspection and maintenance of the vacuum lifter components
6. Magnet Lifters: Magnet lifters are mechanical devices used to lift magnetic materials by
creating magnetic fields around them. Hazards:
- Magnet failure due to overloading or demagnetization
Preventive measures:
- Regular inspection and maintenance of the magnet lifter components

ASSIGNMENT 8
Define standard operating procedure. prepare SOP for Gas cutting,
welding and soldering operation

A standard operating procedure (SOP) is a set of written instructions that outlines the steps,
procedures, and guidelines for performing a specific task or process consistently and
efficiently. It serves as a reference document to ensure that all employees follow the same
procedures, reducing errors, and improving overall performance.

In the context of gas cutting, welding, and soldering operations, an SOP would include
detailed instructions on how to safely and effectively carry out these processes. It would
cover topics such as equipment preparation, material handling, safety precautions, quality
control measures, and documentation requirements. The SOP would also include diagrams,
illustrations, and checklists to aid in understanding and compliance.

Here is an example of an SOP for gas cutting, welding, and soldering operations:

Title: Gas Cutting, Welding, and Soldering Operations

Purpose: To provide clear and concise instructions for safely and efficiently carrying out gas
cutting, welding, and soldering operations in accordance with company policies and industry
standards.

Equipment Preparation:

1. Inspect all equipment before use to ensure it is in good condition and meets safety
requirements.
2. Check that all necessary tools and consumables are available.
3. Ensure that all equipment is properly grounded to prevent electrical hazards.
4. Test the equipment to ensure it is functioning correctly before starting the operation.
5. Label all equipment with appropriate warnings and instructions.
6. Store equipment in a safe and organized manner when not in use.

Material Handling:

1. Inspect all materials before use to ensure they meet the required specifications.
2. Store materials in a clean and organized manner to prevent contamination or damage.
3. Handle materials with care to prevent deformation or damage that may affect the quality
of the finished product.
4. Use appropriate lifting techniques to prevent injury or damage to materials or equipment.
5. Use protective clothing and equipment when handling hazardous materials or substances.
6. Dispose of waste materials in accordance with company policies and environmental
guidelines.
7. Keep a record of all material usage for quality control purposes.

Safety Precautions:

1. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) at all times during operations,
including safety glasses, gloves, helmets, and respirators as necessary.
2. Ensure that all work areas are properly ventilated to prevent exposure to hazardous
fumes or gases.
3. Use appropriate warning signs and labels to indicate hazardous areas or substances.
4. Follow proper lockout/tagout procedures when working on equipment or machinery to
prevent accidental start up or movement during maintenance or repair operations.
5. Use appropriate fire prevention measures, including fire extinguishers, smoke detectors,
and fire suppression systems as necessary.
6. Follow proper emergency response procedures in case of accidents or emergencies,
including evacuation routes and communication protocols with emergency services as
necessary.
7. Conduct regular safety inspections of equipment, work areas, and procedures to identify
potential hazards and implement corrective actions as necessary.
8. Maintain a clean work area to prevent tripping hazards or other accidents caused by
clutter or debris on the floor or work surfaces.
9. Use appropriate lifting techniques when moving heavy objects to prevent injury or
damage to equipment or materials.
10. Follow proper ergonomic principles when working on tasks that require prolonged
periods of standing, sitting, or repetitive motions to prevent strain injuries or discomforts
such as back pain or carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).
11) Follow proper lockout/tagout procedures when working on equipment or machinery to
prevent accidental start up or movement during maintenance or repair operations. . . . . .
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ASSIGNMENT 9
Define permit to work system. list hazards and preventivemeasures
for maintenance of CNC machine with permit

A Permit to Work (PTW) system is a safety protocol that authorizes specific work activities in
areas with potential hazards. It provides a formal process for controlling and managing the
risks associated with maintenance, repair, or modification of equipment or machinery.

The PTW system consists of several stages, including application, review, issue, execution,
and closeout. The application stage involves filling out a PTW form, which includes details
about the work activity, the hazards involved, and the preventive measures to be taken. The
review stage involves checking the form for completeness and ensuring that all necessary
approvals have been obtained. The issue stage involves issuing the permit to the authorized
personnel. The execution stage involves carrying out the work activity according to the
permit's conditions. The closeout stage involves completing the work activity and returning
the permit for review and closure.

Hazards associated with maintenance of CNC machines include electrical shock, mechanical
injury, fire, and chemical exposure. Preventive measures to mitigate these hazards include:

1. Electrical shock: Use of insulated tools, grounding of equipment, and lockout/tagout

procedures during maintenance activities.
2. Mechanical injury: Use of protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and
earplugs, as well as proper lifting techniques and use of guarding devices.
3. Fire: Use of fire-resistant materials, proper disposal of flammable materials, and regular
inspection of electrical wiring and equipment.
4. Chemical exposure: Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as respirators,
gloves, and safety goggles when handling hazardous chemicals. Regular monitoring of air
quality and proper labelling and storage of chemicals are also essential preventive
measures.

The PTW system ensures that all necessary precautions are taken before any maintenance
or repair work is carried out on CNC machines, minimizing risks to personnel and equipment
while ensuring safe working conditions.

ASSIGNMENT 10
Define Heat treatment process. explain angling and quenching
process and list various hazards and preventive measures.
Heat treatment is a process of altering the physical and mechanical properties of metals and
alloys by subjecting them to specific heating and cooling cycles. The process involves heating
the material to a desired temperature, holding it at that temperature for a specific time, and
then cooling it at a controlled rate. The heat treatment process is used to improve the
strength, hardness, ductility, and toughness of the material, as well as to reduce its
susceptibility to cracking and distortion during further processing or service.

Angling and Quenching Process:

Angling is the practice of tilting the workpiece during quenching to promote more uniform
cooling and reduce distortion. Quenching is the rapid cooling of the workpiece from its
automatizing temperature to transform it into a desired microstructure. Angling involves
tilting the workpiece at an angle between 15° and 30° from the vertical plane during
quenching. This helps to distribute the cooling rate more evenly across the workpiece,
reducing distortion and improving dimensional accuracy.

Hazards and Preventive Measures:

1. Thermal Cracking: Thermal cracking occurs due to excessive heating or over-aging during
heat treatment. Preventive measures include proper control of heating and cooling cycles,
avoiding over-aging, and using appropriate materials for high-temperature applications.

2. Quench Cracking: Quench cracking occurs due to rapid cooling from high temperatures,
leading to internal stresses in the material. Preventive measures include proper selection of
quenching media, controlling quenching rates, and using appropriate materials for high-
stress applications.

3. Distortion: Distortion occurs due to uneven cooling or thermal expansion during heat
treatment. Preventive measures include proper control of heating and cooling cycles, using
appropriate materials for low-expansion applications, and using angling techniques during
quenching.

4. Scale Formation: Scale formation occurs due to oxidation or contamination during heating
or quenching. Preventive measures include proper cleaning of workpieces before heat
treatment, using protective atmospheres during heating, and avoiding contamination during
quenching.

5. Safety Hazards: Safety hazards such as fires, explosions, or chemical exposure can occur
during heat treatment due to improper handling of materials or equipment. Preventive
measures include proper safety equipment, training of personnel, and following safe
handling procedures for materials and equipment.

ASSIGNMENT 11
Prepare a list and state various hazards and safety measures at
Dock
1. Slips, trips, and falls: Docks can be slippery due to rain, ice, or spilled materials. Safety
measures include wearing non-slip shoes, using handrails, and keeping the dock free of
clutter.
2. Falling objects: Heavy cargo or equipment can fall from cranes or forklifts, posing a risk to
workers below. Safety measures include using proper lifting techniques, securing loads, and
wearing hard hats and safety glasses.

3. Struck by vehicles: Forklifts, trucks, and other vehicles can collide with workers on the
dock. Safety measures include using warning signs, maintaining clearance zones, and
wearing reflective vests.

4. Electrical hazards: Docks often have electrical equipment, such as cranes and lighting
systems. Safety measures include using ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs), avoiding
wet areas near electrical equipment, and ensuring all cords are in good condition.

5. Fire hazards: Flammable materials and equipment can pose a fire risk on the dock. Safety
measures include keeping flammable materials separated, using fire extinguishers, and
having a fire safety plan in place.

6. Exposure to hazardous materials: Docks may handle hazardous materials such as

chemicals or asbestos. Safety measures include wearing proper personal protective
equipment (PPE), following safety protocols for handling hazardous materials, and providing
training to workers on how to handle these materials safely.

7. Working at heights: Docks may require workers to climb ladders or use scaffolding to
access equipment or cargo. Safety measures include using fall protection equipment, such
as harnesses and lanyards, and ensuring all ladders are in good condition and properly
secured.

8. Noise hazards: Heavy machinery and loud noises can cause hearing damage on the dock.
Safety measures include wearing earplugs or earmuffs, limiting exposure to loud noise, and
providing training on how to prevent hearing damage.

ASSIGNMENT 12
Define Fire. Give classification of fire. state causes of fire in
Engineering Industry.
Fire is a rapid chemical reaction between a fuel source and an oxidizing agent, typically
oxygen in the air, that produces heat, light, and smoke. This process is exothermic, meaning
it releases energy in the form of heat.

Classification of Fire:
1. Class A: Involves ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood, and textiles.
2. Class B: Involves flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, and paint.
3. Class C: Involves energized electrical equipment such as motors, transformers, and wiring.
4. Class D: Involves combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, and sodium.
5. Class F: Involves cooking oils and fats in kitchen environments.

Causes of Fire in Engineering Industry:

1. Electrical faults: Malfunctioning electrical equipment or wiring can cause sparks or
overheating that ignite nearby flammable materials.
2. Overheating: Equipment that generates high temperatures, such as motors or
transformers, can overheat and ignite nearby flammable materials.
3. Chemical reactions: Some chemical reactions can generate heat and ignite nearby
flammable materials.
4. Human error: Accidents such as spills, improper storage of flammable materials, or
careless use of equipment can cause fires.
5. Arson: Intentional acts of setting fires can cause significant damage to equipment and
facilities.

ASSIGNMENT 13
Define tool box meeting. prepare a list of safety instructions while
working at height for gas cutting work

A tool box meeting, also known as a tailgate meeting, is a brief safety gathering that takes
place before the start of work. It is typically held near the work site or in a vehicle's toolbox,
hence the name. The meeting is led by a supervisor or experienced worker and serves as a
platform to discuss safety concerns, review procedures, and address any potential hazards
related to the specific task at hand. The objective is to ensure that all workers are aware of
the risks involved and have a clear understanding of how to safely carry out the work.

Safety Instructions for Gas Cutting Work at Height:

1. Conduct a thorough risk assessment before starting any gas cutting work at height.
Identify potential hazards such as falls from height, falling objects, electrical hazards, and
gas leaks.

2. Ensure that all equipment is in good working order and properly maintained. Check gas
cylinders for leaks using a soap solution and a leak detector before use.

3. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety harnesses, lanyards,
and helmets with chin straps. Wear appropriate clothing and footwear that covers your skin
and protects your feet from falling objects.

4. Secure the work area with barriers or edge protection to prevent falls from height. Use
scaffolding or elevated platforms if necessary.

5. Ensure that all electrical equipment is properly grounded and insulated to prevent
electrical hazards. Keep electrical cords away from water and gas sources.

6. Use appropriate cutting techniques such as vertical cuts or downward cuts to minimize
the risk of falling debris or objects. Avoid cutting near edges or corners where falling debris
could cause injury or damage to equipment below.
7. Use appropriate ventilation systems to prevent gas build-up in confined spaces. Ensure
that there is adequate ventilation in the work area to prevent oxygen deficiency or gas
accumulation.
8. Keep a clear and unobstructed path of travel for workers moving around the work area to
prevent trips, slips, and falls. Use warning signs and barriers to direct pedestrian traffic away
from the work area.

9. Conduct regular inspections of the work area and equipment to ensure that all safety
measures are being followed and that there are no new hazards or risks present.

10. Conduct regular safety drills and emergency response training to prepare workers for
unexpected situations such as falls from height or gas leaks. Review emergency response
procedures with all workers before starting any gas cutting work at height.

ASSIGNMENT 14
Prepare a list for work place safety in Engineering Industry with
respect to activities performed.
Define hazards and state preventive measures for following critical
activities carried out in Engineering Industries.
1. Shot blasting
2. Grinding
3. ND Tests

1. Hazard identification and risk assessment:

- Conduct regular inspections of equipment, machinery, and work areas to identify potential
hazards.
- Develop a risk assessment plan for each activity and prioritize the risks based on severity
and likelihood.
- Implement engineering controls, such as guards, barriers, and enclosures, to eliminate or
minimize hazards.

2. Personal protective equipment (PPE):

- Provide appropriate PPE for all employees, such as hard hats, safety glasses, gloves, and
steel-toed shoes.
- Ensure that PPE is worn correctly and fits properly.
- Regularly inspect PPE for damage and replace as needed.

3. Lockout/tagout:
- Establish a lockout/tagout program to prevent accidental startup of equipment during
maintenance or repair activities.
- Train all employees on the proper use of locks and tags.
- Regularly test the effectiveness of the program.

4. Electrical safety:
- Label all electrical panels and equipment with clear warning labels.
- Use ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) to protect against electrical shock.
- Regularly inspect electrical equipment for damage and replace as needed.

5. Fire safety:
- Install fire alarms and sprinkler systems in all work areas.
- Provide fire extinguishers in easily accessible locations.
- Conduct regular fire drills and evacuation training for all employees.

6. Chemical safety:
- Label all chemicals with clear warning labels and provide material safety data sheets
(MSDS) for each chemical.
- Store chemicals in appropriate containers and locations to prevent spills and leaks.
- Provide proper ventilation in work areas where chemicals are used or stored.

7. Ergonomics:
- Provide ergonomic assessments for all workstations to prevent repetitive motion injuries
and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).
- Adjust workstations to fit the needs of each employee, such as height adjustable desks and
chairs.
- Encourage employees to take breaks and stretch regularly to prevent MSDs.

8. Emergency response:
- Develop an emergency response plan that includes evacuation procedures, first aid
response, and communication protocols in case of an emergency.
- Conduct regular emergency drills to ensure all employees are familiar with the plan.

Define hazards and state preventive measures for following critical

activities carried out in Engineering Industries.
1. shot blasting 2. Grinding 3. ND Tests

Hazards refer to potential sources of harm, danger, or adverse effects that can result in injury,
illness, damage, or loss. Hazards can be physical, chemical, biological, or psychological in nature and
can arise from various sources such as natural disasters, human activities, equipment failures, or
environmental factors. The identification and assessment of hazards is a critical step in risk
management and safety engineering to prevent or mitigate their adverse impacts.

1. Shot Blasting:
Hazards:
a. Exposure to abrasive materials (shot, grit) which can cause respiratory problems, skin
irritation, and eye injuries.
b. Noise exposure from the blasting machines which can lead to hearing loss.
c. Slips, trips, and falls due to wet floors or uneven surfaces.
Preventive measures:
a. Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) such as respirators, goggles, and gloves to
workers.
b. Use local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems to control the release of dust and fumes.
c. Conduct regular hearing tests and provide earplugs or earmuffs to workers in high-noise
areas.
d. Ensure proper housekeeping practices to prevent slips, trips, and falls.

2. Grinding:
Hazards:
a. Exposure to dust and fumes which can cause respiratory problems and eye irritation.
b. Vibration exposure from handheld grinders which can lead to hand-arm vibration
syndrome (HAVS).
c. Slips, trips, and falls due to wet floors or uneven surfaces.
Preventive measures:
a. Provide PPE such as respirators, goggles, and gloves to workers.
b. Use LEV systems to control the release of dust and fumes.
c. Provide anti-vibration gloves or tools with reduced vibration levels for handheld grinders
to prevent HAVS.
d. Ensure proper housekeeping practices to prevent slips, trips, and falls.

3. NDT Tests:
Hazards:
a. Exposure to ionizing radiation during radiography tests which can cause cancer and other
health problems over time.
b. Exposure to magnetic fields during magnetic particle inspection (MPI) tests which can
cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea in some individuals.
c. Slips, trips, and falls due to wet floors or uneven surfaces during inspections in confined
spaces or on elevated platforms.
Preventive measures:
a. Provide PPE such as lead aprons and thyroid shields during radiography tests to reduce
exposure to radiation.
b. Use alternative NDT methods such as ultrasonic testing (UT) or eddy current testing (ECT)
instead of MPI for individuals sensitive to magnetic fields.
c. Conduct regular confined space entry training and provide fall protection equipment for
inspections in confined spaces or on elevated platforms.

ASSIGNMENT 15
Give classification of electrical areas. List criteria for selection,
installation and maintenance

Electrical areas can be classified based on their function, location, and level of hazard. Here
are some common classifications:

1. Residential electrical areas: These areas include single-family homes, apartments, and
other residential buildings. The criteria for selection, installation, and maintenance of
electrical systems in residential areas include:
a) Selection: The electrical system should be designed to meet the specific needs of the
building, including the number of outlets, lighting fixtures, and appliances. The system
should also be compatible with the building's construction materials and layout.

b) Installation: The electrical system should be installed by a licensed electrician following

local building codes and safety standards. Wiring should be concealed and protected from
damage. Outlets and switches should be installed at appropriate locations and heights.

c) Maintenance: Homeowners should regularly inspect their electrical systems for signs of
wear or damage, such as loose connections or frayed wiring. They should also test their
smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors to ensure they are functioning properly. If
any issues are detected, a licensed electrician should be called to make repairs or upgrades.

2. Commercial electrical areas: These areas include offices, retail stores, restaurants, and
other commercial buildings. The criteria for selection, installation, and maintenance of
electrical systems in commercial areas include:

a) Selection: The electrical system should be designed to meet the specific needs of the
business, including the number of outlets, lighting fixtures, and appliances. The system
should also be compatible with the building's construction materials and layout. In addition,
the system should be scalable to accommodate future growth or expansion of the business.

b) Installation: The electrical system should be installed by a licensed electrician following

local building codes and safety standards. Wiring should be concealed and protected from
damage. Outlets and switches should be installed at appropriate locations and heights to
accommodate the specific needs of the business.

c) Maintenance: Business owners should regularly inspect their electrical systems for signs
of wear or damage, such as loose connections or frayed wiring. They should also test their
emergency lighting systems to ensure they are functioning properly in case of power
outages. If any issues are detected, a licensed electrician should be called to make repairs or
upgrades.

3. Industrial electrical areas: These areas include factories, warehouses, and other industrial
buildings. The criteria for selection, installation, and maintenance of electrical systems in
industrial areas include:

a) Selection: The electrical system should be designed to meet the specific needs of the
manufacturing process, including the number of outlets, lighting fixtures, and appliances
required for each production line or workstation. The system should also be compatible
with the building's construction materials and layout. In addition, the system should be
scalable to accommodate future growth or expansion of the business.

b) Installation: The electrical system should be installed by a licensed electrician following

local building codes and safety standards. Wiring should be concealed and protected from
damage. Outlets and switches should be installed at appropriate locations and heights to
accommodate the specific needs of the manufacturing process. In addition, grounding
systems should be installed to protect against electrical shock hazards associated with
industrial equipment.

c) Maintenance: Industrial facility managers should regularly inspect their electrical systems
for signs of wear or damage, such as loose connections or frayed wiring. They should also
test their emergency lighting systems to ensure they are functioning properly in case of
power outages or other emergencies. If any issues are detected, a licensed electrician
should be called to make repairs or upgrades as soon as possible to minimize disruption to
production operations.

ASSIGNMENT 16
Define static Electricity. Prepare list of associated Hazards and state
preventive measures.
Static electricity is the build-up of electrical charge on the surface of an object due to the
transfer of electrons from one object to another. This can occur when two materials with
different electrical properties come into contact and separate, leaving one object with a
positive charge and the other with a negative charge.

Associated Hazards:
1. Electrostatic discharge (ESD): This is the sudden release of static electricity, which can
cause damage to electronic devices and components.
2. Fire and Explosion: Inflammable materials such as dust, vapours, and gases can become
ignited by static electricity, leading to fire and explosion hazards.
3. Shock Hazard: When static electricity builds up on the body, it can cause a shock when
coming into contact with a conductive surface, potentially leading to injury or death in
severe cases.
4. Equipment Damage: Static electricity can damage sensitive equipment such as
computers, servers, and other electronic devices by causing malfunctions or permanent
damage.

Preventive Measures:
1. Grounding: All conductive surfaces should be grounded to prevent the build-up of static
electricity. This can be achieved by using grounding straps, wristbands, or mats in areas
where static electricity is a concern.
2. ESD Protection: Electronic components should be protected from ESD by using ESD-
protected packaging, handling equipment, and work surfaces.
3. Cleanliness: Cleaning surfaces regularly to remove any accumulated dust or debris can
help prevent the build-up of static electricity.
4. Proper Storage: Storing flammable materials in closed containers or cabinets can prevent
the build-up of static electricity and reduce the risk of fire or explosion hazards.
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wearing appropriate PPE such as conductive
footwear, headbands, or wristbands can help prevent shocks and electrocution hazards
when working with high-voltage equipment or in areas with high levels of static electricity.