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    What Is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - GeeksforGeeks

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    What Is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - GeeksforGeeks

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    Prachi Aggarwal
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    What is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)_ - GeeksforGeeks

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    What Is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - GeeksforGeeks

    Uploaded by

    Prachi Aggarwal

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    DSA Data Structures Algorithms Interview Preparation Data Science Topic-wise Practice

    What is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?


    Difficulty Level :
    Basic ● Last Updated :
    29 Nov, 2021

    Read Discuss

    TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is one of the main protocols of the Internet

    protocol suite. It lies between the Application and Network L ayers which are used in

    providing reliable deliver y ser vices. It is a connection-oriented protocol for

    communications that helps in the exchange of messages between the different

    devices over a network.

    TCP/IP L ayer

    Working of TCP

    To make sure that each message reaches its target location intact, the TCP/IP model

    breaks down the data into small bundles and af ter ward reassembles the bundles into

    the original message on the opposite end. Sending the information in little bundles of
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    information makes it simpler to maintain efficiency as opposed to sending ever ything

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    in one go. 

    Af ter a par ticular message is broken down into bundles, these bundles may travel

    along multiple routes if one route is jammed but the destination remains the same.

    We can see that the message is being broken down, then reassembled from a different order at the destination

    For example, When a user requests a web page on the internet, somewhere in the

    world, the ser ver processes that request and sends back an HTML Page to that user.

    The ser ver makes use of a protocol called the HT TP Protocol. The HT TP then

    requests the TCP layer to set the required connection and send the HTML file.

    Now, the TCP breaks the data into small packets and for wards it towards the Internet

    Protocol (IP) layer. The packets are then sent to the destination through different

    routes.
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    The TCP layer in the user ’s system waits for the transmission to get finished and

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    acknowledges once all packets have been received.

    Features of TCP/IP

    Some of the most prominent features of Transmission control protocol are

    1. Segment Numbering System

    TCP keeps track of the segments being transmitted or being received by assigning

    numbers to each and ever y single one of them.

    A specific Byte Number is assigned to data bytes that are to be transferred while

    segments are assigned sequence numbers.

    Acknowledgment Numbers are assigned to received segments.

    2. Flow Control

    Flow control limits the rate at which a sender transfers data. This is done to ensure

    reliable deliver y.

    The receiver continually hints the sender on how much data can be received (using

    a sliding window)

    3. Error Control

    TCP implements an error control mechanism for reliable data transfer

    Error control is byte-oriented

    Segments are checked for error detection

    Error Control includes – Corrupted Segment & Lost Segment Management, Out-

    of-order segments, Duplicate segments, etc.

    4. Congestion Control

    TCP takes into account the level of congestion in the network

    Congestion level is determined by the amount of data sent by a sender

    Advantages

    It is a reliable protocol

    It provides an error-checking mechanism as well as one for recover y

    It gives flow control

    It makes sure that the data reaches the proper destination in the exact order that it

    was sent

    Open Protocol, not owned by any organization or individual


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    It assigns an IP address to each computer on the network and a domain name to

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    each site thus making each device site to be distinguishable over the network.

    Disadvantages

    TCP is made for Wide Area Networks, thus its size can become an issue for small

    networks with low resources

    TCP runs several layers so it can slow down the speed of the network

    It is not generic in nature. Meaning, it cannot represent any protocol stack other

    than the TCP/IP suite. E.g., it cannot work with a Bluetooth connection.

    No modifications since their development around 30 years ago.

    Like 27

    Next

    User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

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    Ar ticle Contributed By :

    jaygala260
    @jaygala260

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    Article Tags : Picked, Computer Networks, Computer Subject

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