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SULIT 2 4551/2

For
Examiner’s
Use

Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]
Answer all questions in this section.
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Diagram 1.1 shows a cross section of a root dicotyledonous plant and the two vascular
tissues found in the root.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas akar tumbuhan dikotiledon dan dua tisu vaskular
yang terdapat pada akar.

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) (i) Name the tissue L and M.


Namakan tisu L dan M.

L : ……………………………………..…...
M : ……………………………………..…... [2 marks/markah]

(ii) State the function of tissue L and M.


Nyatakan fungsi tisu L dan M.

L : ……………………………………..…..........................
M : ……………………………………..….........................
[2 marks/markah]

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SULIT 3 4551/2

(b) Diagram 1.2 shows the structure of root hair cell.


Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan struktur sel akar rerambut.
For
Examiner’s
Use

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

(i) State what happen if root hair is cut from the cell?
Nyatakan apa yang akan berlaku jika rerambut akar dipotong dari sel?

………………………………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………..………………………
[1 marks/markah]

Explain the absorption of mineral by root hair cell if all the mitochondria remove
(ii) from the cell.
Terangkan penyerapan mineral oleh sel rerambut akar jika semua mitokondria
dikeluarkan daripada sel.

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………..……………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks/markah] 7

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SULIT 4 4551/2
For
Examiner’s
Use

2 Diagram 2.1 shows the structure of plasma membrane.


Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma.

ATP

Process Y
Proses Y
Process X
Proses X
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) Name structure P and Q.


Namakan struktur P dan Q.

P : …………………...…………………
Q : …………………...………………… [2 marks/markah]

(b) Based on Diagram 2.1, state two differences between process X and process Y.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, nyatakan dua perbezaan di antara proses X dan proses Y.

…………………………………………………………………………………….….…
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks/markah]
(c) Mercury inhibits the respiration of the body cell.
Explain the effect on the process X.
Mercuri merencatkan respirasi sel badan.
Terangkan kesannya terhadap proses X
…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks/markah]
7

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SULIT 5 4551/2

For
3 Diagram 3.1 shows two types of food, J and K. Examiner’s
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan dua jenis makanan, J dan K. Use

J K

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

(a) (i ) Based on Diagram 3, name the food class for J.


Berdasarkan Rajah 3, nyatakan kelas makanan bagi J.
J :……………………………………..….………………………………………..
[1 marks/markah]

(ii ) What is the main function of food J in human body?


Apakah fungsi utama makanan J dalam badan manusia?
….…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 marks/markah]

(iii)
Explain the effect if an infant do not drink enough K.
Terangkan kesan sekiranya seorang bayi tidak minum K dengan secukupnya.
….…………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks/markah]

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SULIT 6 4551/2

(b) Diagram 3.2 shows the breakdown of maltose that occurs in the ileum.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan pemecahan maltosa yang berlaku di dalam ileum.
For
Enzyme M
Examiner’s
Enzim M Use
+

Maltose Two molecules of N


Maltosa Dua molekul N

Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2

(i) Explain the chemical reaction shown in Diagram 3.2.


Terangkan tindak balas kimia yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.2.

….……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks/markah]

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SULIT 7 4551/2

4. Diagram 4 shows human muscle and bones involved in bending of legs.


Rajah menunjukkan otot dan tulang manusia yang terlibat semasa pembengkokan kaki

Diagram 4
Rajah 4

(a) (i) Name X


Namakan X

X : ……………………...……………

[1 marks/markah]

(ii) State one function of X


Nyatakan satu fungsi X

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 marks/markah]

(b) Describe briefly how the characteristic of X is adapted for its function as stated in
4(a)(ii).
Jelaskan dengan ringkas bagaimana ciri X disesuaikan untuk menjalankan fungsi
yang dinyatakan di 4(a)(ii)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks/markah]

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SULIT 8 4551/2
For Examiner’s
(c) (i) State one function of ligament in Diagram 4 Use
Nyatakan satu fungsi ligament dalam Rajah 4

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 marks/markah]

(ii) Ligament of a gymnastic are more flexible compared to ordinary people.


Explain the statement.
Ligamen seorang ahli gymnastik adalah lebih mudah lentur berbanding dengan
orang biasa.
Terangkan pernyataan ini.

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
7
[2 marks/markah]

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SULIT 9 4551/2

For Examiner’s
Use
5 Diagram 5 shows different types of yogurt that can be found at the supermarket.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan beberapa jenis dadih yang boleh dijumpai di pasaraya.

Diagram 5
Rajah 5

(a) During process X, microorganism Y will react with milk to produce yogurt.
Semasa proses X, mikroorganisma Y bertindak balas dengan susu untuk
menghasilkan dadih.

Based on Diagram 5 and statement above, state :


Berdasarkan Rajah 5 dan pernyataan di atas, nyatakan :

Process X : ………………………………………….…...
Microorganism Y : …………………………………..…... [2 marks/markah]

(b) Explain how process X happens.


Terangkan bagaimana proses X berlaku.

…………………………………………………………………………………..………..
……………………………………………………………………..……………………..
……………………………………………………………………..……………………..
……………………………………………………………………..……………………..
[3 marks/markah]

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SULIT 10 4551/2

(c) Diagram 5.2.1 shows alveoli of a healthy individual.


Diagram 5.2.2 shows alveoli of an individual with emphysema. Emphysema is a type For
Examiner’s
of lung disease. Use
Rajah 5.2.1 menunjukkan alveolus bagi individu yang sihat.
Rajah 5.2. menunjukkan alveolus yang menghidap emfisema. Emfisema adalah
sejenis penyakit peparu.

Diagram 5.2.1 Diagram 5.2.2


Rajah 5.2.1 Rajah 5.2.2

Explain the breathing problem faced by a person with emphysema.


Terangkan masalah pernafasan bagi orang yang menghidap emfisema.

……………………………………………………………………..……………………..
………………..…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………..………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………..……………………..
[3 marks/markah]

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SULIT 11 4551/2

For
Examiner’s
6 (a) Diagram 6 shows two organs of human digestive system. Use
Rajah 6 menunjukkan dua organ sistem pencernaan manusia.

Y Z

Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1

(i) What is the function of organ Y and Z ?


Nyatakan fungsi organ Y dan Z?
Y:………………………………………………………………………………………………

.Z:………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks/markah]

(ii ) Explain two digestion of food that occur in Y.


Terangkan dua proses pencernaan makanan yang berlaku di Y.

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks/markah]

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SULIT 12 4551/2 For
Examiner’s
Use
(iii) A man is suffering from cancer, his organ Z need to be removed.

What 2 ways he should do to handle health problems that may arise by removing of
the organ Z?

Seorang lelaki mengidap kanser, organ Z beliau perlu dibuang. Apakah 2 perkara
yang patut dilakukan untuk mengawal masalah kesihatannya yang mungkin timbul
akibat pembuangan organ Z?

………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks/markah]

(iv ) Predict the effect of organ modification such as the gaster bypass method on human
health.

Ramalkan kesan pengubahsuaian organ pencernaan seperti kaedah pintasan gaster


terhadap kesihatan manusia.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks/markah]

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SULIT 13 4551/2

For
Examiner’s
7. Diagram 7.1 shows the cross section of an arteriole under an electron microscope. Use
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas arteriol dilihat bawah mikroskop elektron.

Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1

(a) State two substances which found at high concentration in arteriole but low
concentration in venule.
Namakan dua bahan yang terdapat pada kepekatan tinggi dalam arteriol tetapi
berkepekatan rendah dalam venul.

1. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 Marks/markah]
(b) State the importance of muscular layer for arteriole compare to venule.
Nyatakan kepentingan lapisan berotot kepada arteriol berbanding venul.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/markah]

(c) Explain how the blood clot can lead to organ failure.
Terangkan bagaimana darah beku boleh menyebabkan kegagalan organ.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………....
[2 Marks/markah]

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SULIT 14 4551/2 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) Diagram 7.2 shows the person experience myocardial infarction.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan individu mengalami kegagalan miokardiak.

Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2

(i) In your opinion, what are the cause of myocardial infarction? Explain.
Pada pendapat anda, apakah yang menyebabkan kegagalan miokardiak berlaku.
Terangkan.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 Marks/markah]
(ii) Suggest one method to minimize the effect of myocardial infarction.
Cadangakan satu cara untuk mengurangkan kesan kegagalan miokardiak.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 Mark/markah] 8

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SULIT 15 4551/2
For
Examiner’s
Use
8. Diagram 8 shows a graph for artificial active immunity.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan graf keimunan aktif buatan.

Diagram 8
Rajah 8

(a) (i) Based on Diagram 1, explain why the second injection is needed.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1, nyatakan mengapa suntikan kedua dperlukan

………………………………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………..………………………
………………………………………………………………..……………………
…………………………………………………………………..…………………
[2 marks/markah]

(ii) Give one example of a disease that can be protected by this type of
immunity.
Berikan satu contoh penyakit yang boleh dilindungi dengan jenis keimunan ini.

………………………………………………………………………………..……
[1 mark/markah]

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SULIT 16 4551/2
For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) The following is an article about the rabies outbreak in Sarawak.
Berikut merupakan satu artikel tentang penularan wabak rabies di Sarawak.

(i) Based on your Biological knowledge, explain the treatment that should be given
if a boy is bitten by a stray dog.
Berdasarkan pengetahuan Biologi anda, terangkan rawatan yang perlu
diberikan jika seseorang budak lelaki digigit oleh anjing liar.

………………………………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………..………………………
………………………………………………………………..……………………
…………………………………………………………………..…………………
[2 marks/markah]

Give three differences between the type of immunity in 8(a) and 8(b).
(ii)
Berikan dua perbezaan antara jenis keimunan di 8(a) dan 8(b).

………………………………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………..………………………
………………………………………………………………..……………………
…………………………………………………………………..…………………
8
[3 marks/markah]

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SULIT 17 4551/2

Section B
Bahagian B

[20 marks]
[20 markah]

Answer any two questions in this section.


Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

9. Diagram 9.1 shows a reflex arc in a reflex action.


Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan arka refleks yang terlibat dalam tindakan refleks.

Spinal cord
Saraf tunjang

Hot pan

Diagram 9.1
Rajah 9.1

(a)
Describe the pathway of nerve impulse in the reflex action in Diagram 9.1.
Huraikan laluan impuls saraf dalam tindakan refleks berdasarkan Rajah 9.
[8 marks/markah]

(b)
Diagram 9.2 shows a human system.
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan system dalam manusia.

Diagram 9.2
Rajah 9.2
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SULIT 18 4551/2

Describe the similarities and differences systems in Diagram 9.1 and Diagram
(i)
9.2.
Huraikan persamaan dan perbezaan bagi system dalam Rajah 9.1 and Rajah
9.2.
[4 marks/markah]

(ii)
Ahmad was chased by an angry dog. In a state of panic, he is able to run fast
from the dog.
Explain the coordination between the systems shown in Diagram 9.1 and
Diagram 9.2 for Abu to respond towards the situation.
Ahmad dikejar oleh anjing yang marah. Dalam keadaan panik, dia boleh
berlari laju dari anjing. Terangkan penyelarasan antara sistem yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.1 dan 9.2 untuk Abu bertindak balas terhadap
keadaan tersebut.
[8 marks/markah]

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SULIT 19 4551/2

10 (a) Diagram 10.1 shows the development of follicles in ovary.


Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan perkembangan folikel di dalam ovari.

Diagram 10.1
Rajah 10.1

(i)
Based on Diagram 10.1, describe the process of ovum formation.
Berdasarkan Rajah 10.1, huraikan proses pembentukan ovum.
[4 marks/markah]

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SULIT 20 4551/2

(ii)
Diagram 10.2 shows a method to overcome infertility in women which is known
as in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan satu kaedah untuk mengatasi kesuburan bagi seorang
wanita iaitu persenyawaan in vitro (IVF).

Diagram 10.2
Rajah 10.2
Step 2 is carried out after oogenesis is almost completed whereas Step 3 is
carried out after spermatogenesis is completed. Compare oogenesis and
spermatogenesis.
Langkah 2 dijalankan selepas oogenesis hampir selesai manakala langkah 3
dijalankan selepas spermatogenesis selesai. Bandingkan proses oogenesis dan
proses spermatogenesis.
[6 marks/markah]

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SULIT 21 4551/2

(b)
A girl will undergo menstruation when she reaches the puberty. Diagram 10.3 shows a
graph of menstrual that is controlled by certain hormones secreted from pituitary gland
and ovary.
Seorang remaja perempuan mengalami haid apabila mencapai peringkat akil baligh.
Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan graf kitar haid yang dikawal oleh hormone tertentu yang
dirembeskan oleh kelenjar pituitari dan ovary.

Diagram 10.3
Rajah 10.3

Based on the graph in Diagram 10.3, explain the relationship between the hormonal
level with the following processes :
Berdasarkan graf dalam Rajah 10.3, terangkan hubungkait di antara aras hormon
dengan proses-proses berikut :
• Development of follicles / Perkembangan folikel
• Ovulation / Pengovulan
• Development of corpus luteum / Perkembangan korpus luteum

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SULIT 22 4551/2

[10 marks/markah]

Section C
Bahagian C
[20 marks]
[20 markah]
Answer all questions in this section.
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

11. Diagram 11.1 shows a cell stage M in a cell cycle.


Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan suatu sel yang berada di peringkat M dalam kitar sel

P chromosome
Kromosom P

Diagram 11.1
Rajah 11.2

(a) Draw both cells that will be formed if the P chromosome does not separate.
Lukiskan kedua-dua sel yang akan terbentuk sekiranya kromosom P tidak
berpisah.

[2 marks/markah]

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SULIT 23 4551/2

Stage Z
Peringkat
(b) Z

Diagram 11.2
Rajah 11.2

Diagram 11.2 shows stage in Z of animal cell.


Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan peringkat Z bagi sel haiwan.
Based on the diagram above, explain how stage in Z different between animal and plant
cell.
Berdasarkan rajah di atas, terangkan bagaimana peringkat dalam Z berbeza antara sel
haiwan dan sel tmbuhan.
[4 marks/markah]

(c) Diagram 11.3 shows the complete set of chromosomes of an individual.


Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan set lengkap kromosom seorang individu.

Diagram 11.3
Rajah 11.3

State the genetic disorder this individual has and explain how this individual is born
with this genetic disorder.
Nyatakan penyakit genetik yang dihidapi oleh individu tersebut dan terangkan
bagaimana individu ini boleh menghidapi penyakit genetik tersebut.
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SULIT 24 4551/2

[4 marks/markah]

(d)

The concept of mitosis has been used in research to produce a better quality and
quantity of agricultural products.
Konsep mitosis telah banyak digunakan di dalam penyelidikan untuk menghasilkan
produk yang lebih berkualiti dan dalam kuantiti yang banyak.

(i) A group of researchers are keen to develop a cosmetics industry based on a wild
orchid species rarely found. Based on the above information, name the technique
which can be used by the researchers and describe the processes involved in
generating the orchid in large quantity.
Sekumpulan penyelidik berminat untuk memperkembangkan industri kosmetik
berasaskan satu spesis orkid yang jarang dijumpai. Berdasarkan maklumat di atas,
namakan teknik yang boleh digunakan oleh penyelidik tersebut dan huraikan proses
yang terlibat dalam penghasilan pokok orkid dalam kuantiti yang banyak.

[5 marks/markah]

(ii) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the application in the agriculture sector.
Bincangkan kelebihan dan kekurangan aplikasi teknik berkenaan dalam sektor
pertanian.
[5 marks/markah]

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