Egb 82340
Egb 82340
Egb 82340
EGB-Proportional Governor/Actuator
with Hydraulic Amplifier Systems
The engine, turbine, or other type of prime mover should be equipped with an
overspeed shutdown device to protect against runaway or damage to the prime
mover with possible personal injury, loss of life, or property damage.
The overspeed shutdown device must be totally independent of the prime mover
control system. An overtemperature or overpressure shutdown device may also
be needed for safety, as appropriate.
Read this entire manual and all other publications pertaining to the work to be performed before
installing, operating, or servicing this equipment. Practice all plant and safety instructions and
precautions. Failure to follow instructions can cause personal injury and/or property damage.
This publication may have been revised or updated since this copy was produced. To verify that
you have the latest revision, be sure to check the Woodward website:
www.woodward.com/pubs/current.pdf
The revision level is shown at the bottom of the front cover after the publication number. The latest
version of most publications is available at:
www.woodward.com/publications
If your publication is not there, please contact your customer service representative to get the
latest copy.
Any unauthorized modifications to or use of this equipment outside its specified mechanical,
electrical, or other operating limits may cause personal injury and/or property damage, including
damage to the equipment. Any such unauthorized modifications: (i) constitute "misuse" and/or
"negligence" within the meaning of the product warranty thereby excluding warranty coverage
for any resulting damage, and (ii) invalidate product certifications or listings.
Woodward Governor Company reserves the right to update any portion of this publication at any time. Information
provided by Woodward Governor Company is believed to be correct and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed
by Woodward Governor Company unless otherwise expressly undertaken.
© Woodward 1983
All Rights Reserved
Manual 82340 EGB-Proportional Governor/Actuator w/ Hydraulic Amplifier
Contents
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Manual 82340 EGB-Proportional Governor/Actuator w/ Hydraulic Amplifier
Chapter 1.
General Information
Introduction
This manual provides description, operation, installation, adjustment and
replacement parts information for the proportional EGB governor/actuators with
hydraulic amplification systems. Certain optional auxiliary features which may be
used with the actuator are included in this manual.
Description
The EGB-P is an electrically controlled, proportional output actuator with an
integral backup mechanical (centrifugal) governor. It is normally used with a
Woodward integrating electric control unit to form a complete governing system.
Woodward controls normally matched with the EGB-P include the 400, 2301,
2500, 43027 or the Dual Dynamics system.
When operating on the electrical side, the actuator terminal (output) shaft
assumes a position in direct proportion to the magnitude of the electrical output
signal from the electric control unit. The magnitude of the input signal to the
actuator is determined by the position required of the fuel or steam control to
maintain the desired prime mover speed under varying conditions of load.
Applications
EGB proportional actuators are normally used on units which must continue to
operate, even if the electrical governor fails. The combination of an electrically
powered actuator and a mechanical ballhead governor in the same unit provides
an extra aspect of reliability for control systems which must provide emergency
service.
Proportional actuators are also particularly suited for use with prime movers
operating in tandem to drive a common mechanical load. In these applications, a
single electric control can be used for two or more proportional actuators
connected in series with the output of the electrical control unit. With each
actuator receiving the same current signal, the output shafts will take the same
angular position and direct the same amount of fuel or steam to each prime
mover. Because the EGB has droop built into the mechanical governor section it
can operate these tandem units should the electrical control signal fail for any
reason.
Two Controls
The EGB-P governor/actuator (Figure 1-1) is, in effect, two controls in one; an
electric actuator and a mechanical governor, each independently capable of
positioning the output or terminal shaft.
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During normal operation, the electric section controls fuel or steam to the prime
mover. The mechanical governor controls the prime mover during starting and
also functions as a backup governor to prevent runaway should the electric
control system fail in such a manner to call for maximum fuel. The speed of the
mechanical governor is set slightly higher than the electrical governor and should
the speed of the controlled unit reach this level the mechanical governor will
assume and maintain control of the prime mover.
An EGB-P unit operating with droop will have the mechanical side set about five
percent higher than the electrical side. If the unit is not using droop the
mechanical side may be set only one or two percent higher than the electrical
side.
With standard confirmation (direct acting) the EGB-P output servo will go to
minimum position should the electric control signal fail to zero volts. The EGB-P
may be installed with a “reverse acting” control which will call for maximum fuel
should the electric signal fail to zero volts causing the continued operation of the
controlled unit by the mechanical governor side starting when the engine speed
increases to the speed setting of the mechanical control.
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The solenoid responds to the output of an electric control unit and moves the
pilot valve plunger up or down. Through connecting linkage the servo piston
moves the terminal (output) shaft of the actuator. The engine or turbine fuel
linkage attaches to the actuator shaft.
Specifications
All EGB proportional actuators and governors described in this manual operate in
identical fashion.
EGB-10, 13, and 35 models provide operating power through a terminal shaft
located in the aluminum column. The work capacities are related to the amount
of hydraulic pressure available to the power cylinder.
The EGB-22, 29, and 58 models operate with a power cylinder which has its own
terminal shaft as part of the power cylinder. The EGB-22, 29, and 58 are identical
except for the difference in internal hydraulic pressures.
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Shutdown Solenoid
The shutdown solenoid can be used for normal shutdown and/or as a backup to
the safety shutdown system. The engine, turbine, or other type of prime mover
should be equipped with safety systems entirely separate from the governor.
However, the safety system may be interfaced with the shutdown solenoid to
cause the governor or actuator to go to minimum during safety systems
shutdown. As with all safety shutdowns, proper operation should be confirmed
periodically. See the prime mover manufacturer’s instructions.
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The solenoid is mounted internally within the actuator column (see Figure 1-3). It
is connected, via tubing and internal passageways, to the upper side of the
dashpot land on the relay valve plunger in the hydraulic amplifier section of the
actuator. When the solenoid is energized, oil pressure on the upper side of the
dashpot land is dumped. This allows the oil pressure acting on the under side of
the dashpot land to raise the relay valve plunger which, in turn, dumps the
trapped oil under the power piston. The oil pressure acting on top of the power
piston then forces the piston to move to the minimum fuel position. (Reference
Figure 4-2 Schematic View of Relay Valve Plunger and Shutdown Solenoid.)
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Mode Switch
A mode switch may be installed on the EGG-P governor/actuator to provide a
visual indication if the electrical actuator or the mechanical governor is
controlling. The installation consists of a micro switch actuated by the mechanical
governor side of the control when the mechanical side is inactive. The switch
assembly is mounted on top of the sub-governor case.
References
The publications listed below are available on Woodward’s website
(www.woodward.com).
Additional Information
For help in selecting optional accessories for the governor, or if field conversion
of the governor actuator is necessary, contact Woodward (see Chapter 7).
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Chapter 2.
Installation
Locating Actuator
Refer to Figure 2-2 or 2-3 for complete physical dimensions of the actuator.
Adequate clearance must be provided for installation and removal and for access
to the drain cock and oil filler cup.
Take particular care to mount the actuator squarely in respect to the prime mover
accessory drive pad and to the interconnecting linkage from the fuel or steam
control. A gasket should be used between the actuator base and drive pad.
Do not drop or rest the actuator on Its drive shaft, or drive a coupling
or gear on or off the shaft as damage to the shaft oil seal or other
parts may occur. Only a minimum of force can be used when
installing a coupling or gear on the drive shaft.
If the governor/actuator has a splined drive shaft, make certain the actuator shaft
slips into the prime mover accessory drive coupling freely enough to drop into
place of its own weight.
If a keyed type actuator drive shaft is used, the gear placed on the shaft must be
checked for proper backlash with its mating drive gear. There should be neither
excessive backlash nor binding. Vibration or other irregularities, caused by
uneven gear teeth, shaft run-out, etc., when transmitted to the actuator will
adversely affect actuator operation and result in erratic governing.
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Actuator Linkage
The linkage must operate freely with a minimum of backlash. If there is a
collapsible member in the linkage, it must not yield during normal governing
action or under conditions of rapid terminal shaft movement.
Strict linearity of terminal shaft travel versus load is not required. Linkage must
be arranged to give the degree of linearity necessary to obtain steady-state and
transient performance. Should the unit be controlling a non-linear fuel or steam
valve a non-linear linkage must be used (see Woodward Application Note 50516,
Governor Linkage for Butterfly Throttle Valves).
Linkage to the fuel control should be arranged to allow the minimum fuel stop on
the prime mover to provide the minimum stop for the governor. The maximum
fuel stop on the governor should provide the maximum fuel stop for the prime
mover.
Oil Specifications
In general, the oil used in the prime mover will be satisfactory for use in the
governor.
Proper selection of the oil used in the actuator is necessary to realize best
governor performance and maximum service life. The oil should have a minimum
tendency to foam or retain air, form sludge, or deposit varnish. It should protect
actuator parts from corrosion and not be detrimental to oil seals or paint. Refer to
Woodward manual 25071, Oils for Hydraulic Controls, for more complete
information on selection of oils for use in hydraulic actuators (governors).
The oil selected should have a high viscosity index, within the range of 100 to
300 SUS at normal operating temperatures. Only oils of the grade specified for a
particular temperature range should be used.
Figure 2-1 shows the viscosity of oils at the different operating temperatures.
Operating the governor with oil which does not fall in the acceptable operating
range on the chart can cause erratic governor operation and possible damage to
the governor.
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Electrical Connections
The EGG-P is normally provided with a 10 pin electrical connection located on
the column. Other connectors available include 19 pin, 14 pin and 8 pin styles. In
all styles of connectors the A pin is normally connected to the positive electrical
control lead with the negative lead from the control connected with the B pin. The
other pins are open for use of the numerous auxiliary features which may be
added to the unit. A plant wiring diagram should include the information which fits
the individual EGG-P.
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Chapter 3.
Prime Mover Operations
Should the EGB-P be equipped with a reverse acting actuator the electrical
actuator will move to the increase fuel or steam direction automatically should the
electric signal be interrupted and no voltage will be required for starting.
Prior to starting the prime mover for the first time after installation of a new or
overhauled actuator, perform an operational checkout of the electrical control unit
in accordance with the applicable manual.
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1. Speed setting control knob, used to set the speed at which the mechanical
governor will control.
2. Speed droop control knob, used to permit load division and parallel
operation of the prime mover controlled by the mechanical governor.
3. Load limit control knob, used to limit maximum prime mover load whether
the actuator is controlled by the electric or mechanical governor. The load
limit sets the maximum governor fuel level position.
Closing the needle valve further than necessary will make the actuator slow to
return to normal speed after a load change. The needle valve should never be
tightly closed.
Test the action by manually disturbing the speed of the actuator. The actuator
should return to its original, steady-state, speed with only a small overshoot or
undershoot.
The electric actuator chapter of the EGG-P has no external operating adjustment.
The drive shaft must be rotating to make the following adjustments. Do not
attempt these adjustments when connected with the engine unless experienced
and trained. Make sure the overspeed protection, separate from the governor, is
operating and dependable.
Turn the load limit control knob fully clockwise. Turn screw (23, Figure 6-8) ccw
until the control knob can be rotated 1/8 turn ccw before the load limit strap (24,
Figure 6-8) begins to rise. Again turn the control knob fully clockwise.
Adjust screw (85, Figure 6-8) to permit full travel of the terminal shaft (from
minimum fuel to maximum fuel positions as shown on the fuel indicator (part 152,
Figure 6-10). Turn screw ccw to lengthen the terminal shaft travel in the
maximum fuel direction.
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With the actuator running and the terminal shaft just at the end of its travel in the
maximum fuel direction, turn screw (23, Figure 6-8) cw until the terminal shaft
just starts to move in the minimum direction. Then turn the screw ccw ¼ turn.
Turn the load limit control knob ccw until the terminal shaft is at the midpoint of its
travel (as shown by fuel indicator). Loosen nut (12) and position pointer disk (14)
at “5”. Tighten nut to lock pointer in position.
If the governor/actuator has been disassembled, reset the droop linkage to zero.
Perform steps one through seven to completely recalibrate the droop linkage.
Perform steps four through seven for a normal procedure of setting droop.
Perform steps 1 through 3 with the engine not running and the governor/actuator
cover removed. For steps four through seven replace the cover and operate the
engine unloaded.
1. Set the speed droop knob all the way ccw to zero droop.
3. Manually lift up power piston (295) and check the dial indicator for
movement. Zero to plus .003 movement indicates “0” droop. The speeder
spring should not move down when the power piston is raised.
If there is not zero droop, reposition link (63, Figure 6-8) until the pin in the link is
on the same axis as the pivot pins (208, Figure 6-11).
Some units are equipped with an eccentric pivot pin (62, Figure 6-8) and some
just a plain pivot pin. If pin (62) is an eccentric turn it until it is in the center of its
movement.
Do not release the tension on crank (68) while screw (65) is loose.
Loosen screw (65) and manually move link (63) until its pin lines up on an axis
above pivot pins (208). Tighten screw (65). If pin (62) is an eccentric, make fine
adjustments by loosening the nut and turning the eccentric until “0” droop is
obtained. Remove the dial indicator.
Before starting the engine make sure the high speed stop has not
slipped and the mechanical governor is within the normal operating
range. A mechanical governor set at too high a speed can allow
engine overspeed with resulting damage to equipment, personal
Injury, or death.
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4. Operate the engine unloaded. Be sure the speed droop control knob is all
the way ccw on zero droop.
5. Increase the electronic control speed until the mechanical governor controls
the prime mover.
8. Check for zero droop by watching the frequency meter which should not
vary from 60 Hz. If the frequency meter does vary, shutdown the prime
mover, check and adjust for zero droop as in steps 1 through 3. If the
frequency meter does not vary from 60 Hz. the mechanical governor is set
at zero droop.
11. Load the prime mover to maximum and check the frequency meter. Droop
should be at three percent. The frequency meter should read 58.2 Hz.
13. Turn the droop knob cw to increase droop or ccw to decrease droop as
required to obtain 3 percent droop.
14. Set the speed to 60 Hz. and load the prime mover to maximum. Check the
droop.
16. Adjust the speed setting knob until the frequency meter reads 62.5 to 63 Hz.
The mechanical governor is now set with the correct amount of droop. The
mechanical governor speed is also set, just high enough that it will not interfere
with the electric actuator which is now in control of the prime mover.
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Turn speed setting control knob ccw until specified low speed is reached. Rotate
dial stop (19) nearest the control knob ccw until it reaches stop pin (46). Be sure
the actuator terminal shaft is not at the end of its travel when low speed is
reached.
Rotate dial stop 19 farthest from the control knob until it is about even with low
speed stop. Tighten three screws (15).
Turn speed setting control knob cw until specified high speed is reached. (This
speed is usually about 5 per cent above rated speed.)
Loosen three screws (15) rotate dial stop (19) farthest from the knob until it is
against stop.
Turn control knob to low speed setting. Remove knob. Put pointer disc (14) on
shaft assembly so the pointer is at the top or “0” position. When properly set the
“0” on the speed setting dial behind the dial plate, the “0” on the dial plate and the
pointer should all be aligned at low speed. Put control knob back on and tighten
nut (12).
1. Connect the test circuit to the terminal block (the Jones plug inside the
governor case) on the actuator as shown in Figure 3-1. Set the test switch to
OFF. Remove the fuel linkage to engine or test stand.
The test circuit must be connected to the Jones plug inside the
governor case, not to the actuator receptacle on the outside of the
case. The only electrical test possible from the outside terminal plug
is to check continuity of the circuit through the transducer coils.
Note Figure 5-I, actuator wiring diagrams, that circuits are jumped
between the Jones plug and the receptacle. The test circuit must
operate with these circuits open.
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2. Install a protractor (one is provided on the inside back cover of this manual)
over the actuator output shaft and secure in position. Install the actuator
output lever, if not already in place, for use as an indicator. Rotate the
output shaft over its full range of travel. Note, or mark, the minimum and
maximum shaft position on the protractor. The total output shaft travel
should be 30 degrees if the shaft is part of the power cylinder and 45
degrees if the shaft is located in the aluminum column.
3. Insert a 7/64 inch Allen wrench through the clearance hole in the transducer
lever, through the hollow center of the adjustable spring seat (226, Figure
6-4), and engage the pilot valve centering screw. Slowly turn the centering
screw in until it gently bottoms, then turn it out 1-1/4 to 1-3/4 turns to
establish an initial starting position.
4. Set the test switch to CENTER and adjust the potentiometer to 400 mA on
the milliammeter. Set the test switch to OFF.
5. Insert a 1/8-inch Allen wrench through the clearance hole in the stop screw
plate and engage the adjustable spring seat. Center the output shaft at the
approximate midpoint of its travel. Turn the seat cw to move the shaft to
increase fuel or ccw to move the shaft to decrease fuel. Note the exact
position of the shaft for future reference.
6. Set the test switch to CENTER and observe the output shaft for rotation. If
the output shaft remains stationary, the magnet (pilot valve plunger) is
centered and no further centering adjustments are required. If the output
shaft moves to another position, note the direction of movement and then
set the test switch to OFF.
7. If the output shaft movement was to increase fuel, turn the pilot valve
centering screw cw a small amount using the 7/64-inch Allen wrench. If the
movement was to decrease fuel, turn the centering screw ccw. The output
shaft will assume a new position after making an adjustment to the centering
screw. Note the new position of the shaft for reference if further adjustment
is required.
9. Set the test switch to OFF and turn the potentiometer full ccw (decrease).
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2. Using a 1/2-inch Allen wrench, turn the output lever adjustable spring seat
ccw until the actuator is at its minimum position, then turn the seat cw until
the shaft moves 1 to 2 degrees from its minimum position.
3. Adjust the potentiometer for the maximum specification current. The output
shaft should move an additional 40 ( ±1/2) in the increase fuel direction if the
unit has the terminal shaft in the column. If the terminal shaft is in the power
cylinder the output shaft should move an additional 27 ( ±1/2) degrees in the
increase fuel direction. Shift the clamping plate so the pivot pin moves
toward the output shaft to decrease shaft travel.
5. Disconnect the test circuit and the oil supply line if used. Remove the
protractor. Refer to Chapter 2, and attach the fuel linkage to the engine.
2. Using a 1/8-inch Allen wrench, turn the adjustable spring seat ccw until the
actuator output level is at its maximum position, then turn the seat cw until
the shaft moves 2–3 degrees from its maximum position.
3. Adjust the potentiometer for the maximum specification current. The output
shaft should move an additional 40 (±1/2) degrees in the cw (increase)
direction if the output shaft is in the column. The output shaft should move
an additional 27 (±1/2) degrees if the output shaft is in the power cylinder.
Shift the clamping plate so the pivot pin moves toward the output shaft to
decrease shaft travel.
5. Disconnect the test circuit and the oil supply line, if used. Remove the
protractor.
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The friction drive must be tight enough to avoid a speed setting change due to
vibrations and to permit the speed setting motor, if used, to turn the speed setting
gear.
If the friction drive is to tight, the speed setting (synchronizer) knob can not be
turned manually.
To adjust the friction on the friction drive, remove the governor cover (5), then the
retaining ring (30) on the friction drive using a No. 1 Truarc pliers. Do not let the
friction drive cover (31) fall into the governor.
Place a torque wrench in the slots in top of the friction drive case (34) and check
the torque of the friction drive and set it at 1.5 to 2.5 lb-in (0.2 to 0.3 Nm) with
manual speed setting or 4.5 to 5.5 lb-in (0.5 to 0.6 Nm) with speed setting motor.
To increase friction, turn the nut on the shaft cw while holding the speed setting
knob. To decrease friction, turn the nut ccw.
Reassemble the friction drive and replace cover (5) on the Governor/Actuator.
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Chapter 4.
Principles of Operation
Introduction
The EGG-P governor/actuator (see Figures 4-1 and 4-2) consists of three distinct
but interconnected sections: (1) an electric actuator section; (2) a mechanical
governor section; (3) a hydraulic amplifier section which amplifies the force
output of the other two sections through a power cylinder which provides the
hydraulic power needed to position the output shaft. The amplifier section also
provides a source of pressure oil for that section and for the power cylinder.
The only difference in the operation of the EGB units is in the hydraulic amplifier
and power cylinder section.
Spring scale in the amplifier section is varied for the different EGB-P units, with
stronger springs used to provide additional hydraulic pressure which in turn
produces additional work force from otherwise identical governor/actuators.
The two types of power cylinders work in exactly the same way. The EGB-10 or
13 power cylinder moves the terminal lever and the attached terminal shaft
directly. (see Figure 4-2.)
In the EGB-22, 29, 35, and 58 units, the power cylinder is attached to the
feedback lever in the column and to the terminal shaft in the lower part of the
power cylinder housing (see Figure 4-1).
In either case, the power cylinder is a differential servo, moving down when there
is less oil pressure on the bottom of the cylinder than on the top and moving up
when equal pressure is exerted against both the top and bottom surfaces.
The three sections are interconnected through the loading piston. The loading
piston position determines the actuator output shaft position. Either the electrical
or mechanical governor section can control the position of the loading piston.
Direct/Reverse Acting
Two types of electrical controls are used with the EGB-P actuators. Direct acting
controls provide the electric actuator with increased electrical signals as more
fuel is needed by the prime mover. This type of control will cause the governor to
go to minimum terminal shaft position in case of loss of the electrical signal.
If the unit is provided with a reverse acting electrical control, a loss of electric
signal will cause the electrical actuator to go to maximum position, allowing the
mechanical governor section to take control of the prime mover and operation to
continue at a rate only slightly higher than under electric control.
The descriptions in this section apply to both direct and reverse acting units.
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Pressure oil forces the accumulator pistons up. opposing the downward force of
the accumulator springs. When the pistons move up sufficiently, one piston
uncovers a bypass hole through which excess oil is returned to sump. The
accumulator provides a reservoir of pressure oil and also a relief valve to limit
maximum pressure in the hydraulic circuit.
In most EGB units, the arrangement of the four check valves on the suction and
discharge sides of the oil pump permits the actuator drive shaft to rotate in either
direction without any changes to the governor. Were the pump gears to rotate in
directions opposite those shown the open check valves would close and the
closed check valves would open.
Some units are made with plugs in the hydraulic system rather than check
valves. This provides an extra safety against starting an engine backwards.
The relay servo piston is connected to the actuator terminal (output) shaft. The
terminal shaft position establishes the fuel rack, fuel valve or steam valve
opening. The relay servo piston position establishes the terminal shaft position
and the terminal lever and linkage position. In the EGB-22P through 58P models,
linkage from the relay servo piston moves the terminal lever in the same manner
as that employed in the EGB-10P and 13P.
The relay valve plunger in the rotating bushing controls the flow of oil to and from
the underside of the relay servo piston. If the plunger is “centered” in the bushing
(the control land exactly covers the control port in the rotating bushing), no oil
flows to, or from, the piston. Pressure oil continually urges the piston down in the
direction to decrease engine fuel. However, the piston cannot move down to
decrease fuel unless the oil trapped between the underside of the piston and the
relay valve plunger control land can escape to sump. This trapped oil can escape
only if the relay valve plunger is raised. If the relay valve plunger is lowered,
pressure oil is directed to the underside of the piston as well as to the upper side
of the piston. Because the pressure acts upon a greater area on the lower side of
the piston, the resulting force is in the direction to push the piston up and
increase fuel.
Loading piston and attached output nut position, as set by either the electrical
actuator or mechanical governor section, controls the movement of the relay
valve plunger. If the actuator is directed to decrease fuel the loading piston will
move down.
This downward movement of the piston and nut pushes the left end of the
intermediate lever down. As the right end of the intermediate lever moves up, the
left end of the relay beam is raised (the beam pivots about the screw in the end
of the relay terminal lever). The relay valve plunger is thus lifted above center
and the servo piston rotates the terminal shaft in the decrease fuel direction.
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As the relay terminal lever rotates in the decrease fuel direction the screw in the
left end of the lever is raised. This permits the oil pressure on the dashpot land to
push the relay plunger down, pivoting the relay beam about the bearing in the
right end of the intermediate lever. (The dashpot land is, in effect, a “differential
piston” with the area on the upper side of the land greater than the area on the
lower side. With pressure oil on both sides of the piston it will move in the
downward direction.) As the relay valve plunger reaches a centered position, flow
of oil from under the relay servo piston stops, thereby stopping the terminal shaft.
If the loading piston and output nut move up, oil pressure on the upper side of the
dashpot land now pushes the relay plunger down. At the same time, the right end
of the intermediate lever is pushed down keeping the left end of the lever in
contact with the output nut.
With the relay valve plunger below center, pressure oil flows to the lower side of
the servo piston and pushes the piston up. The terminal shaft rotates in the
increase fuel direction. As the relay terminal lever rotates, the screw in the end of
the lever pushes the right end of the relay beam down. The relay beam pivots
about the roller bearing in the right end of the intermediate lever, lifting the relay
valve plunger back to a centered position and stopping further movement of the
terminal shaft.
Pressure oil for the electrical and mechanical governor sections is provided by
the sub-governor oil pump. The pump relief valve plunger, acting against the
relief valve spring, maintains the oil pressure required in these sections. Because
the oil volume used is relatively small, no accumulator is required. The sub-
governor oil pump operates the same way as the relay oil pump.
The electric actuator pilot valve plunger controls the flow of oil to and from its
power piston. The pilot valve plunger is connected to a magnet which is spring-
suspended in the field of a two-coil polarized solenoid. An output signal from an
electric control unit is applied to the polarized coil and produces a force,
proportionate to the current in the coil, which tends to drive the magnet and pilot
valve plunger down. A combination of the restoring spring and centering spring
force tends always to raise the magnet and center the pilot valve plunger. When
the actuator is running under steady-state conditions, these opposing forces are
equal and the pilot valve plunger is “centered” (the control land of the plunger
exactly covers the control port in the pilot valve bushing). This occurs only when
the plunger position is exactly proportional to the amount of electric signal. With
the pilot valve plunger centered, no oil flows to or from the power piston.
If the signal from the electric control decreases (due to an increase in engine or
turbine speed or a decrease in unit speed setting), an unbalanced force results.
The combination of the restoring spring and centering spring force, now relatively
greater, raises the pilot valve plunger. Oil under the electric actuator power piston
is thus connected to sump. The oil pressure constantly applied to the upper side
of the loading piston now forces the pistons down as the floating lever pivots
about its connection to the mechanical governor power piston. The loading piston
causes the amplifier section to rotate the terminal shaft in the “decrease”
direction.
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As the electric governor power piston moves down, it lowers the left end of the
first restoring lever. The clamping plate, attached to the first restoring lever,
pushes down on the second restoring lever. The loading on the restoring spring
is increased and applies pressure to lower the pilot valve plunger. The loading
piston and electric actuator power piston move down until the increase in
restoring spring force is sufficient to offset the increased force in an upward
direction resulting from the decrease in the electric signal. When the pilot valve
plunger is pushed back to its centered position, movement of the power piston,
loading piston and terminal shaft stop.
The position of the actuator shaft is always proportional to the electric input
signal to the actuator. If the electric input signal increases, the pilot valve plunger
will be lowered, pressure oil will flow to the underside of the power piston and
push the piston up; the loading piston will be raised, rotating the terminal shaft in
the “increase” direction. At the same time, the upward movement of the power
piston, acting through the restoring levers, decreases the restoring spring force
so the pilot valve plunger will re-center to stop movement of the terminal shaft.
With the speed setting of the mechanical governor set slightly higher than the
electric actuator, the centrifugal force of the rotating flyweights is not sufficient to
lift the pilot valve plunger to its centered position. Consequently, with the electric
actuator controlling, pressure oil is continually directed to the underside of the
mechanical governor power piston to hold it up against its stop. With the actuator
running on-speed with the mechanical governor controlling, the pilot valve
plunger is centered. (This can only occur if the electrical actuator calls for a
speed higher than the speed setting of the mechanical governor.) If a load is
added to the engine and governor speeds decrease the pilot valve plunger is
lowered by the speeder spring force which is greater than the lessened
centrifugal force of the flyweights.
Pressure oil flows to the buffer piston and moves it toward the power piston.
The oil displaced by the buffer piston forces the power piston upward, the loading
piston is raised and the terminal shaft rotated in the direction to provide the fuel
needs for the new load.
The movement of the buffer piston toward the power piston partially relieves the
compression of the left buffer spring and increases the compression of the right
buffer spring. The force of the right buffer spring, tending to resist this movement,
causes a slightly higher oil pressure on the left side of the buffer piston than on
the right. The pressure on the left of the buffer piston is transmitted to the
underside of the compensation land of the pilot valve plunger. The difference of
pressure produces a force which acts to push the pilot valve plunger back to its
centered position.
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When the terminal shaft has been rotated far enough to satisfy the new fuel
requirement, the force of the pressure differential on the compensation land plus
the centrifugal force of the rotating flyweights will have re-centered the pilot valve
plunger. Even though engine speed is not yet completely back to normal, servo
piston and terminal shaft movement is stopped. The continued increase of speed
to normal results in continued increase in centrifugal force developed by the
rotating flyweights. This increase of speed to normal does not cause the
flyweights to lift the pilot valve plunger above center because the leakage of oil
through the needle valve orifice equalizes the pressure above and below the
compensation land at a rate proportional to the return of the engine speed to
normal.
With equalization of pressure through the needle valve, the buffer springs return
the buffer piston to its normal, central, position.
Were the engine load to decrease, the resultant increase in governor speed
would cause the flyweights to move outward and raise the pilot valve plunger.
With the pilot valve plunger raised, the area to the left of the buffer piston would
be connected to sump. The loading piston, continually being urged downward by
oil pressure from the sub-governor pump, would move down and force the power
piston down. The movement would reduce the fuel to meet the new requirement.
Again, differential pressure across the compensation land would assist in re-
centering the pilot valve plunger, and close the pilot valve ports while speed
decreases to normal.
The speed at which the mechanical governor controls the engine is determined
by the loading or compression of the speeder spring which opposes the
centrifugal force of the flyweights.
Dial readings on the front panel indicating speed setting of the mechanical
governor are for reference only. Readings may vary from governor to governor
for similar speed settings.
Speed Droop
Speed droop is used in mechanical governors to automatically divide and
balance load between engines or turbines driving the same shaft or paralleled in
an electrical system. (Speed droop is defined as the decrease in governor speed
as its output connection to the engine fuel linkage moves in an increase direction.
How far the governor speed decreases for a given stroke, determines the amount
of droop.) Speed droop is incorporated in the EGB-P mechanical governor
through linkage which varies the loading on the speeder spring as a function of
the power piston position. The change in speeder spring force for a given
movement of the power piston is determined by the power piston droop setting
and speeder spring scale. If the pivot pin connecting the speed droop floating
lever to the speed adjusting lever linkage is on the same centerline as the speed
droop lever pivot arm, there is no change in speeder spring forces as the power
piston moves and the mechanical governor responds as an isochronous
(constant speed) control. The further the adjustable pin is moved away from the
pivot arm centerline, the greater is the change in compression of the speeder
spring for a given power piston movement.
With the actuator operating under control of the electric actuator section, the
speed droop feature is, in effect, inoperative. This is because during such
operation the mechanical governor power piston remains in the same position for
all engine or turbine loads (except possibly momentarily during transients). Thus,
the speed droop linkage does not alter the speeder spring compression when the
electric governor section of the actuator is controlling.
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Figure 4-2. Schematic View of Relay Valve Plunger with Shutdown Solenoid
(see Shutdown Solenoid explanation in Chapter 1)
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Chapter 5.
Maintenance
Troubleshooting
Actuator faults are usually revealed in speed variations of the prime mover, but it
does not necessarily follow that all such speed variations indicate actuator faults.
Trouble shoot to localize a problem before attempting disassembly and repair.
When improper speed variations appear, the following procedure should be
performed.
1. Check carefully the speed set for the mechanical side of the
governor/actuator. If the mechanical speed setting is lower than the
electrical setting the mechanical side will control the engine or turbine with
slightly different control results than if the electrical side is controlling. The
side with the lowest speed set will provide the control of the output shaft. It
is important that the speed set points of the two side be far enough apart to
prevent interference between the two sides. The difference between the
speed set of the two sides must be considerably more for governors
operating in the droop mode than for those being used isochronously. If the
controlling sides interfere with each other totally unstable operation can
occur.
2. Check the load to be sure the speed changes observed are not the result of
load changes beyond the capacity of the prime mover.
4. Check the operating linkage between the actuator and the prime mover to
make certain there is no binding or lost motion. Linkage between the
governor-actuator and prime mover is often a problem associated with
governing systems. The linkage must be firm and properly adjusted. Check
the linkage for unexpected wear.
7. With the actuator controls set for normal operation, check the voltage input
to the actuator.
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8. Lower the mechanical governor speed setting until it controls the speed.
Raise the electronic actuator speed setting to maximum. If the unit is now
stable the problem is probably in the electronic control. If the unit is still
unstable the cause can be either the actuator, the linkage or the prime
mover.
9. If the speed variations of the actuator are erratic but small, excessive
backlash or a tight meshing of the gears driving the actuator may by the
cause. If the speed variation is erratic and large and cannot be corrected by
adjustments the actuator should be repaired or replaced.
11. If the unit is still unstable replace either the actuator or the electronic control
to pinpoint the problem area.
Whenever governor control problems are encountered, the first corrective step
should be to carefully check the oil condition and oil level. If the oil is not in new
and perfect condition, drain the governor while hot. Flush with kerosene and refill
with the proper grade and type of oil. To refill the governor, add 2 US qt (1.9 L) of
new oil. After operating for about 30 minutes, again drain the governor and refill
with 2 US qt (1.9 L) of new, clean oil of the proper type and weight. After starting
operation, check that the oil level is correct. Drain off excess oil or add new,
clean oil to the proper level. A completely dry governor will hold about 2.5 US qt
(2.4 L) of oil.
Should the oil level be too high it should be drained until it appears in the center
of the sight glass.
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Chapter 6.
Replacement Parts
Parts Information
When ordering replacement parts, include the following information:
Governor serial number and part shown on the nameplate
Manual number (this is manual 82340)
Parts reference number and part name from parts list
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Chapter 7.
Service Options
OEM and Packager Support: Many Woodward controls and control devices are
installed into the equipment system and programmed by an Original Equipment
Manufacturer (OEM) or Equipment Packager at their factory. In some cases, the
programming is password-protected by the OEM or packager, and they are the best
source for product service and support. Warranty service for Woodward products
shipped with an equipment system should also be handled through the OEM or
Packager. Please review your equipment system documentation for details.
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This option allows you to call your Full-Service Distributor in the event of an
unexpected outage, or in advance of a scheduled outage, to request a
replacement control unit. If the unit is available at the time of the call, it can
usually be shipped out within 24 hours. You replace your field control unit with
the like-new replacement and return the field unit to the Full-Service Distributor.
Charges for the Replacement/Exchange service are based on a flat rate plus
shipping expenses. You are invoiced the flat rate replacement/exchange charge
plus a core charge at the time the replacement unit is shipped. If the core (field
unit) is returned within 60 days, a credit for the core charge will be issued.
Flat Rate Repair: Flat Rate Repair is available for the majority of standard
products in the field. This program offers you repair service for your products with
the advantage of knowing in advance what the cost will be. All repair work carries
the standard Woodward service warranty (Woodward Product and Service
Warranty 5-01-1205) on replaced parts and labor.
Flat Rate Remanufacture: Flat Rate Remanufacture is very similar to the Flat
Rate Repair option with the exception that the unit will be returned to you in “like-
new” condition and carry with it the full standard Woodward product warranty
(Woodward Product and Service Warranty 5-01-1205). This option is applicable
to mechanical products only.
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When shipping the item(s), attach a tag with the following information:
return number;
name and location where the control is installed;
name and phone number of contact person;
complete Woodward part number(s) and serial number(s);
description of the problem;
instructions describing the desired type of repair.
Packing a Control
Use the following materials when returning a complete control:
protective caps on any connectors;
antistatic protective bags on all electronic modules;
packing materials that will not damage the surface of the unit;
at least 100 mm (4 inches) of tightly packed, industry-approved packing
material;
a packing carton with double walls;
a strong tape around the outside of the carton for increased strength.
Replacement Parts
When ordering replacement parts for controls, include the following information:
the part number(s) (XXXX-XXXX) that is on the enclosure nameplate;
the unit serial number, which is also on the nameplate.
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Engineering Services
Woodward offers various Engineering Services for our products. For these services,
you can contact us by telephone, by email, or through the Woodward website.
Technical Support
Product Training
Field Service
Technical Support is available from your equipment system supplier, your local Full-
Service Distributor, or from many of Woodward’s worldwide locations, depending
upon the product and application. This service can assist you with technical
questions or problem solving during the normal business hours of the Woodward
location you contact. Emergency assistance is also available during non-business
hours by phoning Woodward and stating the urgency of your problem.
For information on these services, please contact us via telephone, email us, or
use our website and reference www.woodward.com/support, and then
Customer Support.
You can also contact the Woodward Customer Service Department or consult our
worldwide directory on Woodward’s website (www.woodward.com/support)
for the name of your nearest Woodward distributor or service facility.
For the most current product support and contact information, please refer to the
latest version of publication 51337 at www.woodward.com/publications.
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Technical Assistance
If you need to telephone for technical assistance, you will need to provide the following information.
Please write it down here before phoning:
General
Your Name
Site Location
Phone Number
Fax Number
Control/Governor Information
Please list all Woodward governors, actuators, and electronic controls in your system:
Serial Number
Serial Number
Serial Number
If you have an electronic or programmable control, please have the adjustment setting positions or
the menu settings written down and with you at the time of the call.
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