Saint Joseph Institute of Technology

Montilla Blvd. Butuan city

Rowena E. Beniga Dr. Letecia Delima

MA 102 Professor

MA 1O2 PreTest
Part A. Multiple Choice Questions. For each questions, you are encouraged to give a reason
or show work for partial credit. You must show your work or reason if the question is
marked with an asterisk (*).

1. Confidence intervals are useful when trying to estimate________.

a. unknown parameters
b. known parameters
c. unknown statistics
d. known statistics
2. The one- sample z statistic is used instead of the one-sample t statistics when
_______.
a. µ is known
b. µ is unknown
c. σ is known
d. σ is unknown
3. The _____ the P- value, the stronger the evidence against the null hypothesis
provided by the data.
a. larger
b. smaller
4. (*) The test statistic for a two-sided significance test for a population mean is z = -
2.12. What is the corresponding P- value?
a. 0.017
b. 0.034 (P (Z<-2.12)=0.0170. since this is two -sided test , P-value is twice as
much to include the other tail. 0.0170 *2=0.034)
c. 0.483
d. 0.983

5. The probability you reject the null hypothesis when in fact the null hypothesis is true
is called _____________
a. A Type I error
b. A Type II error
c. the power
6. (*) A random sample of 20 observations produced a sample mean of  x̄ = 92.4 and s=
25.8. What is the value of the standard error of x̄?
a. 4.6
b. 15.9
c. 1.3
d. 5.8 sol : ( SE x̄ = 25.8 = 25.8 = 5.8)
20 4.472
e. 2.6
7. (*) The heights ( in inches) of adult males in the United States are believed to be
Normally distributed mean µ. The average height of a random sample of 25
American adult males is found to be  x̄ = 69.72 inches, and the standard deviation of
the 25 heights is found to be s = 4.15. A 90% confidence interval for µ is
a. 69.72 ± 1.09
b. 69.72 ± 1.37
c. 69.72 ± 1.42 sol: (1.711). 415 = (1.711).(0.83)= 1.42
25
8. Suppose we were interested in determining if there were differences in the average
prices among two local supermarkets. We randomly pick six items to compare at
both supermarkets. Which statistical procedure would be best to use for this study?
a. Matched-pairs t procedure
b. One-sample test
c. Two-sample t test
d. None of the above
9. Perform a one-sample t-test using the following statistics:
n= 5 x̄ = 3.871 s = 0.679
The null hypothesis is µ = 5.0 is
a. Accepted at the 5% level; accepted at the 1% level.
b. Accepted at the 5% level; rejected at the 1% level.
c. Rejected at the 5% level; accepted at the 1% level.
d. Rejected at the 5% level; rejected at the 1% level.
10. You buy a package of 122 Smarties and 19 of them are red. What is a 95%
confidence interval for the true proportion of red Smarties?
a. (0.092, 0.220)
b. (0.103, 0.230)
c. (0.085, 0.199)
11. It is thought that 12% of all students taking a particular course received a grade of A.
In a sample of 155 students, it is found that 21 made an A. What is the test statistic
for testing the true proportion is 12% ?
a. 0.53
b. 0.01
c. 0.577
12. A researcher is interested in the travel time of Ateneo de Manila University students
to college. A group of 50 students is interviewed . Their travel time is 16.7 minutes.
For this study the mean of 16.7 minutes is an example of a(n)
a. Parameter b. Statistic c. Population d. Sample
 13. Statistical techniques that summarizes and organize the data are classified as:
a. Population Statistic b. Sample Statistics c. Descriptive Statistics
d. Inferential statistics

15. A sport psychologist was interested in the effects of a six-week imagery intervention on an
athlete’s ability to execute a sport-specific skills such penalty taking in football. How might
you define the imagery variable.
a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable
c. Outcome variable d. Resultant variable
16. Five-point Likert-scales (strongly disagree ,disagree , neutral , agree , strongly agree)
are frequently used to measure motivations and attitudes. A Likert scale is a:
a. Discrete variable b. Ordinal variable
c. Categorical variable d. All of the above options ( A, B, and C)
17. In a 500m speed skating race, time results would be considered an example of which level of
measurement?
a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio
18. IQ tests are standardized so that the mean score is 100 for the entire group of people who
take the test. However, if you select a group of 50 who took the test, you probably would not
get 100. What statistical concept explains the difference between two means?
a. Statistical error b. Inferential error
c. Residual error d. Sampling error
19. A researchers studies the factors that determine the number of children future couples
decide to have. The variable ‘number of children’ is a :
a. Discrete variable b. Continuous variable c. Categorical variable d. Ordinal
variable
20. A teacher asks students to identify their favorite reality television show. What type of
measurement scale do the different television shows make up?
a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio
21. The median is always:
a. The most frequently occurring score in a data set
b. The middle score when results are ranked in order of magnitude
c. The same as the mean
d. The difference between the maximum and minimum scores.
22. The seminar rooms in the library are identified by the letters A to H. A researcher records
the number of classes held in each room during the first semester. What kind of graph would
be appropriate to present the frequency distributions of these data?
a. Histogram b. Scatterplot c. Bar Chart d. Box Plot
23. A set of scores is presented in a histogram. The histogram shows a series of bars that tend
to decrease in height from left to right. What is the shape of the distribution?
a. Leptokurtic b. Positively Skewed c. Negatively skewed d. Normal
24. What is the mean of the following scores: 2,5,4,1,8?
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 20
25. What is the mean for the scores shown in the frequency distribution?
a. 1.5 b. 3.0 c. 2.9 d. 5.8
Value F
1 1
2 3
3 3
4 2
5 1
26. What is the median of the following scores: 2,5,4,1,8?
 a. 3.5 b. 4 c. 4.5 d. 7

27. A teacher gave a statistics test to a class of Geography students and computed the measures of
central tendency for the test scores. Which of the following statements cannot be an accurate
description of the scores?
a. The majority of students had scores above the mean.
b. The majority of students had scores above the median.
c. The majority of the students had scores above the mode.
d. All of the above options (A , B, and C) are false statements.

28. Which of the following sets of scores has the greatest variability (range)?
a. 2,5,8, 11 b. 13,13,13,13 c.20,25,26,27 d. 42,43,44,45

29. Which of the following statements is the most accurate description for the concept of standard
deviation?
a. The total distance from the smallest score to the highest score.
b. The square root of the total distance from the smallest score to the highest score.
c. The squared average distance between a score and the mean.
d. The average distance between a score and the mean.

30. What is the variance for the following set of scores: 2,2,2,2.
a. 0 b. 2 c. 4 d. 25

31. Normally distributed data are normally referred to as:

a. Bell-shaped b. Asymmetrical c. Skewed d. Peaked

32. Take the formula Z= (X - µ)/σ, where µ is the mean of the population, X is the value of the
element, Z is the z-score and σ is the standard deviation. What does this formula calculate?
a. Confidence interval b. Standard score
c. Standard error of the mean d. Variance

33.A population has a mean of µ=35 and a standard deviation of σ = 5. After 3 points are added
to
every score in the population, what are the new values for the mean and standard deviation?
a. µ=35 and σ=5 b. µ=35 and σ=8 c. µ=38 and σ=5 d.µ=38 and σ=8

34. Of the following Z-score values, which one represents the location closest to the mean?
a. Z=+0.5 b. Z= +1,0 c. Z= -1.5 d. Z= 0.3

35. If the scores on a test have a mean of 26 and a standard deviation of 4, what is the z-score
for a
score of 18?
a. 2 b. 11 c. -2 d. -1.41

36. A population has a µ=50 and σ=10. If these scores are transformed into z-scores, the
population
of z scores will have a mean and standard deviation of :
a. µ=50 and σ=10 b. µ=50 and σ=1,96
c. µ=1 and σ=0 d. µ=0 and σ=1
37. If all possible sample of size n=30 are selected from a population with µ=80 and σ=10 and
the mean is computed for each sample, then what shape is expected for the distribution of
sample means?
a. The sample tends to form a normal-shaped distribution whether the population is normal or
not.
b. The sample tends to form a normal shaped distribution only if the population distribution is
normal.
c. The sample size of n=30 is too small to predict the shape of the distribution.
d. The mean of each sample will be very close to 80, hence the distribution of means will have
little
variability.

38. What is the definition of the standard error?

a. Standard deviation of the sample.
b. Squared standard deviation.
c. Standard deviation of sample means.
d. Standard deviation of the population mean.

39. If a researcher sets a level of significance at .05(i.e. 5%), what does this mean?
a. Five times out of 100, a significant result will be found that is due to chance alone and not to
true relationship.
b. Ninety five times out of 100, a significant result will be found that is due to chance alone and
not
to true relationship.
c. Five times out of 100, a significant result will be found that is due to chance, but to true
relationship.
d. None of the above.

40. When does a researcher risks a Type I error?

a. Anytime the decision is ‘fail to reject’.
b. Anytime H1 is rejected
c. Anytime H0 is rejected
d. All of the above options.

41. Which of the following assumptions are required if an independent t-test is to be used?
a. Samples are drawn from normally distributed population.
b. Homogeneity of variances (equal variances).
c. The data are either interval or ratio scales.
d. All the above assumptions (A, B and C) are required.

42. What is the correct decision in a hypothesis if the data produce a t-statistic that is in the
critical region?
a. Reject H0 b. Fail to reject H0 c. Reject H1 d. Fail to reject H1

43. How does the shape of the t distribution compare to the normal distribution ?
a. The t distribution is taller and less spread out, especially when n is large.
b. The t distribution is taller and less spread out, especially when n is small.
c. The t distribution is flatter and more spread out, especially when n is large.
d. The t distribution is flatter and more spread out, especially when n is small.

44. What does ANOVA stand for ?

a. Analysis of values and averages. b. Analysis of variance.
c. Analysis of variability d. Analysis of non-ordinal values
45. Which statistical test is used to identify whether there is a relationship between two categorial
variables?
a. Student’s t-test. b. Spearman’s correlation test
b. Pearson’s Chi-square test. d. Mann-Whitney test.

46. What is the null hypothesis for a Chi-square test?

a. Both variables have a significant relationship.
b. Both variables have equal means.
c. Both variables are independent.
d. Both variables are dependent.

47. In order for accurate measures of the linear relationship between two variables to be
achieved,
what type of data are required if using Pearson’s correlation coefficient?
a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio

48. In a linear regression equation, Y=a + bX, what is the b denote?

a. The regression coefficient, the slope of the line.
b. The intercept with the Y-axis.
c. The correlation coefficient, the strength of the line
d. The score on the variable X.

49. In a linear regression equation, what does a slope of 2.5 indicate?

a. For every increase of 2.5 on the y-axis, there is an increase of 5.0 on the x-axis.
b. For every increase of 2.5 on the x-axis, there is an equivalent increase on the y-axis.
c. For every increase of 1.00 on the x-axis, there is an increase of 2.5 on the y-axis.
d. For every increase of 1.00 on the y-axis, there is an decrease of 2.5 on the x-axis

50. Which of the following statements about the t-statistic in regression analysis is not true?
a. The t- statistic test whether the regression coefficient, b, is equal to 0.
b. The t- static provides some idea of how well a predictor predicts the outcome variable.
c. The t- statistic can be used to see whether a predictor variable makes a statistically
significant
contribution to the regression model.
d. The t-statistic is equal to the regression coefficient divided by its standard deviation.

END