Foc Practical File
Foc Practical File
Foc Practical File
Fundamental of computing
(FOC) PRACTICAL FILE
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Experiment No. 01
➢ What is MS Word?
Used to make professional-quality documents, letters, reports, etc., MS Word
is a word processor developed by Microsoft. It has advanced features which
allow you to format and edit your files and documents in the best possible
way.
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Since it is used by people of all age groups, in schools, in colleges and for
official purposes, having proper knowledge of Microsoft Word is a must. The
preview of the MS Doc file once it is opened is given below:
COMPONENTS OF MS WORD
Formatting Contains pop-up menus for style, font, and font size; icons
Tool Bar for boldface, italic, and underline; alignment icons; number
and bullet list icons; indention icons, the border icon,
highlight, and font color icons.
Ruler Ruler on which you can set tabs, paragraph alignment, and
other formats.
Insertion Blinking vertical bar that indicates where text you type will
Point be inserted. Don’t confuse the insertion point with the
mouse I-beam. To move the insertion point, just click the
mouse where you want the point moved.
End-of-File Non-printing symbol that marks the end of the file. You
Marker cannot insert text after this mark.
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Selection Invisible narrow strip along the left edge of the window.
Bar Your mouse pointer changes to a right-pointing arrow when
(Gutter) it is in this area. It is used to select a line, a paragraph, or
the entire document.
Split Handle Double-click to split the window in two (to view different
portions of the same file). Double-click to return to one
window
Status Bar Displays page number, section number, and total number
of pages, pointer position on page and time of day.
Task Pane Displays and groups commonly used features for
convenience.
FEATURES OF MS WORD
Now let us read more about the features and components of an MS Word doc file in
detail.
The image given below shows the different elements and categories which are
available in MS Word doc:
➢ Home
This has options like font colour, font size, font style, alignment, bullets, line spacing,
etc. All the basic elements which one may need to edit their document is available
under the Home option
➢ Insert
Tables, shapes, images, charts, graphs, header, footer, page number, etc. can all be
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entered in the document. They are included in the “Insert” category.
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➢ Design
The template or the design in which you want your document to be created can be
selected under the Design tab. Choosing an appropriate tab will enhance the
appearance of your document.
➢ Page Layout
Under the Page Layout tab comes options like margins, orientation, columns, lines,
indentation, spacing, etc.
➢ References
This tab is the most useful for those who are creating a thesis or writing books or
lengthy documents. Options like citation, footnote, table of contents, caption,
bibliography, etc. can be found under this tab.
➢ Review
Spell check, grammar, Thesaurus, word count, language, translation, comments, etc.
can all be tracked under the review tab. This acts as an advantage for those who get
their documents reviewed on MS Word.
Apart from all the above-mentioned features, the page can be set in different views
and layouts which can be added and optimised using the View tab on the Word
document. Margins and scales are also available for the benefit of the users.
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Business card wizard Yes No
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Mathematical calculations
Yes. Complex calculations No. Only basic arithmetic
in tables
Export to MediaWiki
Yes No
(Wikipedia) format
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MOHIT TIWARI
C 21 sarraswati puram colony Contact No.: +91- 7017752114
Kankhal Haridwar Email: [email protected]
————————————————————
Objective
• To become a software engineer. To further my professional career with a technical
management position, bringing 4 years of experience in application development and quality
assurance.
Education Qualification
Guru Tegh
Indraprastha Information
B. Tech Bahadur Institute Pursuing
University (IPU) Technology
of Technology
Languages Known
• C
• C++
• JavaScript
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• Simple Query Language (SQL)
Achievements
• Completed Machine Learning program held by Google
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Strengths
• Focused
• Honesty
• Leadership
• Continuous learning
• Self-Control
• Flexibility
• Teamwork
Hobbies
• Reading Books
• Coding and problem solving
• Listening to Music
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Experiment No. 02
2. Hard-Disk Drive: A computer hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile memory hardware
device that controls the positioning, reading and writing of the hard disk, which furnishes
data storage. Hard disk drives are commonly used as the main storage device in a
computer. HDDs often store operating system, software programs and other files, and can
be found in desktop computers, mobile devices, consumer electronics and enterprise
storage arrays in data centers. A hard disk drive -- often shortened to hard drive -- and hard
disk are not the same things, but they are packaged as a unit and either term can refer to the
whole unit.
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4. CPU-Socket: In computer hardware, a CPU socket or CPU slot contains one or more
mechanical components providing mechanical and electrical connections between a
microprocessor and a printed circuit board. This allows for placing and replacing the
central processing unit without soldering.
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5. CPU-Fan: A computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used
for active cooling. Fans are used to draw cooler air into the case from the outside,
expel warm air from inside and move air across a heat sink to cool a particular
component. Both axial and sometimes centrifugal fans are used in computers.
6. Motherboard: The motherboard is the main circuit board of your computer and is
also known as the mainboard or logic board. If you ever open your computer, the
biggest piece of silicon you see is the motherboard. Attached to the motherboard,
you'll find the CPU, ROM, memory RAM expansion slots, PCI slots, and USB ports.
It also includes controllers for devices like the hard drive, DVD drive, keyboard, and
mouse. Basically, the motherboard is what makes everything in your computer work
together. Each motherboard has a collection of chips and controllers known as
the chipset. When new motherboards are developed, they often use new chipsets. The
good news is that these boards are typically more efficient and faster than their
predecessors. The bad news is that older components often do not work with new
chipsets. Of course, if you are planning on upgrading multiple components, it may be
more cost-effective to just buy a new computer.
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8. CPU: Stands for "Central Processing Unit." The CPU is the primary component of a
computer that processes instructions. It runs the operating system and applications,
constantly receiving input from the user or active software programs. It processes
the data and produces output, which may store by an application or displayed on the
screen.
The CPU contains at least one processor, which is the actual chip inside the CPU
that performs calculations. For many years, most CPUs only had one processor, but
now it is common for a single CPU to have at least two processors or "processing
cores." A CPU with two processing cores is called a dual-core CPU and models with
four cores are called quad-core CPUs. High-end CPUs may have six (hexa-core) or
even eight (octo-core) processors. A computer may also have more than one CPU,
which each have multiple cores. For example, a server with two hexa-core CPUs has
a total of 12 processors.
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11. Front Panel: A front panel was used on early electronic computers to display
and allow the alteration of the state of the machine's internal registers and
memory.
The front panel usually consisted of arrays of indicator lamps, digit and symbol
displays, toggle switches, dials, and push buttons mounted on a sheet metal face
plate.
12. PATA Cable (Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment): PATA cables are
flat cables with 40-pin connectors (in a 20x2 matrix) on either side of the cable. One
end of the cable plugs into a port on the motherboard, usually labeled IDE, and the
other into the back of a storage device like a hard drive.
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13. SATA Cable (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment): Serial ATA (SATA,
abbreviated from Serial AT Attachment) is a computer bus interface that connects
host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and
solid-state drives. Serial ATA succeeded the earlier Parallel ATA (PATA) standard to
become the predominant interface for storage devices.
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15. CPU Cabinet: A computer case, also known as a computer chassis, tower, system
unit, or cabinet, is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a personal
computer (usually excluding the display, keyboard, and mouse). Cases are usually
constructed from steel (often SECC—steel, electrogalvanized, cold-rolled, coil),
aluminum and plastic. Other materials such as glass, wood, acrylic and even Lego
bricks have appeared in home-built cases.
16. Keyboard Port: The PS/2 (Personal System/2) port, also referred to as the mouse
port or keyboard port, was developed by IBM. It is used to connect a computer
mouse or keyboard to an IBM compatible computer. The PS/2 port is a mini-DIN
plug that contains six pins and is still sometimes found on all IBM compatible
computers.
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17. Mouse Port: A dedicated socket in the computer for a mouse. On the first desktop
PCs, the mouse connected via the serial port, which was superseded by the PS/2 port.
Today, mice plug into any USB port, although motherboards with PS/2 sockets are
still made. The Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) was used for keyboards and mice on the
first Macs but was later replaced with USB.
18. USB Port: Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard that establishes
specifications for cables and connectors and protocols for connection, communication
and power supply (interfacing) between computers, peripherals and other computers.
A broad variety of USB hardware exists, including eleven different connectors, of
which USB-C is the most recent. USB was designed to standardize the connection of
peripherals to personal computers, both to communicate with and to supply electric
power.
USB connectors have been increasingly replacing other types as charging cables of
portable devices.
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19. VGA Ports: A Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a standard connector used
for computer video output. Originating with the 1987 IBM PS/2 and its VGA
graphics system, the 15-pin connector went on to become ubiquitous on PCs, as
well as many monitors, projectors and high-definition television sets. Other
connectors have been used to carry VGA-compatible signals, such as mini-VGA or
BNC, but "VGA connector" typically refers to this design.
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21. RJ45: An 8-pin/8-position plug or jack is commonly used to connect computers onto
Ethernet-based local area networks (LAN). Two wiring schemes–T568A and
T568B– are used to terminate the twisted-pair cable onto the connector.
22. Audio Ports: An audio port on a computer is any receptacle or jack to which
an audio device such as speakers, headphones or a microphone can be connected. All
laptops and some desktops have built-in speakers, but for better sound or privacy, you
will need to connect external audio through one of the ports.
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Experiment No. 03
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This command is used to clear the screen or wipe out everything written on the screen.
(Directory) DIR :-
Dir command is used for listing files and directories present in the current disk.
(Version) VER :-
Version numbers indicates that which edition of DOS we are working on.
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(Volume) VOL :-
DATE :-
Syntax:- C:\>DATE
TIME :-
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FILE RELATED COMMANDS :-
OPY CON :-
This command gives the facility to create a new text file.
Syntax:- C:\> COPY CON <File
Name> C:\>COPY CON
ROSE.TXT
After copy con we must specify a suitable file name. Press enter. Start typing the
information of the file. After gathering the information, we press ^Z (CTRL+Z)
button or F6 button to save the file. After pressing enter key computer will show
a message like 1 file(s) copied. This means that file is stored in the disk. Suppose
we don't want to save the file or we just want to abort from file creation job,
then we simply press ^C (CTRL+C) button to abort without saving the file, intend
of pressing.
Notes:- 1. Never forget to give a suitable filename
2. You can use extension as .TXT for denoting the file as Text file.
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TYPE:-
This command is used to display the contents or text of any file to the display device.
time
COPY :-
Copy command is used for copy any file to another location or to copy the files to another
directory. This command may also be used for copying any file to another disk with
different file name
Syntax:- C:\> COPY <Source Filename><Target
Filename> C:\>COPY ROSE.TXT GULAB.TXT
1 file(s) copied
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(Rename) REN :-
This command is used to change the name of any file or
directory. Syntax:- C:\> REN <Source Filename><Target
Filename>
Note:- You cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination.
DEL:-
This command is used for erasing any file from the disk.
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If it successfully erase the file from disk then C:\> prompt will be appear,
either computer will show an error message.
Note: - /P option is used for permission before deleting the file.
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DIRECTORY RELATED COMMANDS : -
(Make Directory)MD :-
This command allows to create a new directory.
Syntax:- C:\> MD
C:\> MD REPORT
C:\
Now this directory can be used for keeping various sort of reports. Under
this directory we can create another directory which is known as
subdirectory.
(Change Directory) CD :-
We can enter or exit from any directory using this command.
Syntax:- To access any directory
(Remove directory) RD :-
This command is used when we want to remove any unusable directory form our disk.
Syntax:- C:\> RD <Directory
Name> C:\> RD REPORT
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PATH:-
This command is used for display or sets directories for executable files.
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Experiment No. 04
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Microsoft Excel
What is an Excel ?
• Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets, using a grid
of cells arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations
like arithmetic operations. It has a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical,
engineering, and financial needs. In addition, it can display data as line graphs, histograms
and charts, and with a very limited three-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning
of data to view its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives (using tables
and the scenario manager).
A Pivot Table is a powerful tool that can save time when it comes to data analysis. It does
this by simplifying large data sets via PivotTable fields that are also known as "the building
blocks of PivotTables." It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for Applications, allowing
the user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods, for example, for solving differential
equations of mathematical physics, and then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. It
also has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that can completely hide the
spreadsheet from the user, so the spreadsheet presents itself as a so-called application, or
decision support system (DSS), via a custom-designed user interface, for example, a stock
analyser, or in general, as a design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers and
reports.
In a more elaborate realization, an Excel application can automatically poll external databases
and measuring instruments using an update schedule, analyse the results, make a Word report
or Power Point slide show, and e-mail these presentations on a regular basis to a list of
participants. Excel was not designed to be used as a database.
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• Easy data entry and operations: One of the main advantages of MS excel is that it
facilitates smooth and easy data entry. Compared to any other data entry and
analysing tools, MS Excel offers features like Ribbon interface, a set of commands
used to perform certain operations. Ribbon consists of many tabs, which again
consist of many command groups and their buttons. You can select the commands
by clicking the related button and perform operations very easily.
• Accurate comparisons and analysis options: MS Excel provides many analytical tools
for the accurate analysis and comparison of large amounts of data. The advanced
sorting and filtering techniques allows you to sort out large amount of data so that it
will be easier for you to find out the required information. Also, filtering removes
unwanted or repeated data and helps to save time and effort.
• Allows graphical representation of data: MS Excel allows you to create the visual
representation of data and information. The data can be visually displayed in the
form of bar charts, column charts and graphs. It automatically revises the charts and
graphs, once the data gets modified. Tables help to classify different entities
according to their characteristics and features.
• Compatible with other business applications: Since the recent versions of MS Excel
is compatible with many other business applications like MS office, other web
applications etc., it allows you to import excel data to other applications. Also, the
cloud computing facility helps to update and upload your excel document from all
locations, which can be accessed later through various devices like smartphones,
tablets, laptops etc.
• Ready to use formulas: MS Excel performs all mathematical and logical functions
like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, average, sum, mod, product etc.
Excel provides many formulas that helps you to solve both simple and complex
calculations.
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• AIM — To prepare an excel sheet having student’s data such as Roll No., Name
and Marks of 5 subjects: 1,2,3,4,5.
• PROCEDURE —
1. Firstly, we have to open the excel and start working on it.
2. At the very first step, select column ‘A’ and write the S. No’s of the students, the start
writing from no. 1 to 10.
3. Then, following the second row ‘B’, we write the names of the student there like,
Mayank, Diya, Prachi, etc.
4. After that in the following rows we write the names of subjects that we wish to write or
want to secure the data, like FOC, Math, MP, Chemistry, etc.
5. Then, like we want to calculate the sum, average, count number, maximum no.,
and minimum no., so we make a separate column for each one.
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Experiment No. 06
• PROCEDURE —
1. Now with the help of the same spread sheet we have form in experiment no.- 06,
we have to fill the marks obtained by the students in each of the subjects.
2. When marks of each subject are added, then we have to select the one column by
double clicking on one of the rows and selecting it towards forward direction in
respect to column and select all the subject marks.
5. If we want to calculate the ‘COUNT NO.’ - After selecting one column of marks
go to auto sum option at the righthand upper portion of the excel, select count
number. When we select and click count no., the total count of the subject we
will get.
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Experiment No. 07
• AIM — To create a 2D bar chart for a student data in excel sheet with x-axis
and y-axis.
• PROCEDURE —
1. So, we have done with the whole data collection of the particular student. Now we have
to make data easily understandable by using “BAR CHART”.
2. We use “BAR CHART” to display and compare the number, frequency or other
measure for different discrete categories of data.
3. Now we have to select the whole data that we make for a particular student.
4. Firstly, select the data from row ‘I’ to row ‘M’, where the sum, average, count no.,
maximum marks and minimum marks are recorded.
5. After selecting the rows from ‘I’ to ‘M’, go to “INSERT” and select the chart option
from there and select the 2D bar chart, then click on it and you will get a bar chart
representation of your data.
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Experiment No. 08
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START
IS A>B?
IS B>C? IS A>C?
PRINT “C IS THE
PRINT “B IS THE PRINT “A IS THE
LARGEST NUMBER”
LARGEST NUMBER” LARGEST NUMBER”
END
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• Algorithm : -
1. START
2. ENTER THE VALUE OF QUANTITY N
3. IF N<100
4. TRUE- COST OF ITEM= N* 10
5. IF N>=10 - COST OF ITEM= N*9
6. STOP
START
ENTER VALUE OF
QUANTITY N
IF N>=100
END
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• Aim: - Draw the flowchart to find if the year is a leap year or not.
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• Aim :- To make an invitation card in MS Word using different fonts and colours.
• Procedure :-
1. After opening the Microsoft Word app in your computer, head to the file
section > New > Blank document. After that, go to the page layout section
and select orientation and then select landscape. Finally, go to the column
section and select the number of columns you would like( we recommend
two columns ). Using two columns, you can now include images , any text
you would like, and any type of decorations you would like to use on the
column that is on the right side ( hand ) - this is what will make up the front
of your birthday card.
2. Click on the page layout section then click on the page colour.
3. Go the page layout section and click on page border.
4. Head to Home and select Word Art section- here you can choose the type
of text that you would like to use.
5. Open ClipArt and go to insert and select pictures.
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Experiment No. 15
PROCEDURE :-
1.
In a blank Microsoft Word document, click on the Mailings tab, and in
the Start Mail Merge group, click Start Mail Merge.
2.
Click Step-by-Step Mail Merge Wizard.
3.
Select your document type. In this demo we will select Letters. Click Next:
Starting document.
4.
Select the starting document. In this demo we will use the current (blank)
document. Select Use the current document and then click Next: Select
recipients.
5.
Note that selecting Start from existing document (which we are not doing in
this demo) changes the view and gives you the option to choose your
document. After you choose it, the Mail Merge Wizard reverts to Use the
current document.
6.
Select recipients. In this demo we will create a new list, so select Type a
new list and then click Create.
7.
Create a list by adding data in the New Address List dialog box and
clicking OK.
8.
Save the list.
9.
Note that now that a list has been created, the Mail Merge Wizard reverts to
Use an existing list and you have the option to edit the recipient list.
10.
Selecting Edit recipient list opens up the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box,
where you can edit the list and select or unselect records. Click OK to accept
the list as is.
11.
Click Next: Write your letter.
12.
Write the letter and add custom fields.
13.
Click Address block to add the recipients' addresses at the top of
the document.
14.
In the Insert Address Block dialog box, check or uncheck boxes and
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select options on the left until the address appears the way you want it to.
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15.
Note that you can use Match Fields to correct any problems. Clicking Match
Fields opens up the Match Fields dialog box, in which you can associate the
fields from your list with the fields required by the wizard.
16.
Press Enter on your keyboard and click Greeting line... to enter a greeting.
17.In the Insert Greeting Line dialog box, choose the greeting line format by
clicking the drop-down arrows and selecting the options of your choice, and then click
OK.
18. Note that the address block and greeting line are surrounded by chevrons («
»). Write a short letter and click Next: Preview your letters.
19. Preview your letter and click Next:
Complete the merge.
20. Click Print to print your letters or Edit
individual letters to further personalize
some or all of the letters.
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Experiment No. 16
AIM: - To make the following directory structure Using MS DOS and perform the
given questions.
Procedure: -
1.
Open command prompt.
2.
Move to the directory where you want to start making new directories by using ‘CD..’
command.
3.
Use ‘MD’ command to make ‘Institute’ directory. Example: -
4.
Now write ‘CD Institute’ to enter that directory.
5.
Again, use ‘MD’ command to make ‘Institute 1’ and ‘Institute 2’ directories.
6.
Use ‘DIR’ command to check whether directories have been created
successfully.Example :-
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7.
Now write ‘CD Institute 1’ to move to that directory and use ‘MD’ command to
make directories ‘Physics’, ‘Maths’ and ‘Chemistry’.
8.
Again use ‘MD’ command to make directories A, B, C in Physics, Maths,
Chemistry directories respectively.
9.
Use ‘DIR’ command to check whether directories have been created successfully.
Example: -
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10.
Now use ‘CD..’ command to come out of the directory and use ‘CD Institute 2’ to
move to ‘Institute 2’ directory.
11.
Once again, use ‘MD’ to create directories CSE, IT, ECE and EEE having sub-
directories 1 in CSE, 2 and 3 in IT, 4 in ECE, 5 and 6 in EEE.
12.
Use ‘DIR’ command to check whether directories have been created successfully.
Example :-
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Experiment No. 17
ANSWER 21 (a)
1. Use ‘CD’ command to enter EEE directory.
2. Use Move or ‘MV’ command to move directory from <source> to <target>.
Example: -
3. Use ‘CD..’ to exit and ‘CD’ command to enter Institute 1 directory and use
‘DIR’ command to verify your result. Example :-
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ANSWER 21 (b)
1. Use ‘CD..’ to exit and ‘CD’ command to enter Institute 2 directory and ECE directory.
2. Now use ‘RD’ command to remove ‘4’ directory, then only you will be able to
remove ECE directory.
3. Now use ‘CD..’ command to come out of ECE directory and use ‘RD’ command
to remove ECE directory.
4. Use ‘DIR’ command to verify your result. Example :-
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ANSWER 21 (c)
1. Use ‘REN’ command followed by < “original name”><space>
< “new name”> to rename the directory.
2. Use ‘DIR’ command to verify your result. Example :-
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Experiment No. 18
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Experiment No. 19
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