SAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

RESEARCH
MECHANICAL AND AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
Engineering Thermodynamics (3131905)
Assignment – 1 Basic Concepts
1 Discuss macroscopic and microscopic point of view in thermodynamics.
2 Define the following:
1. Thermodynamic equilibrium
2. Reversible and irreversible processes
3. One Pascal Pressure and One Bar Pressure
4. Control volume
3 Define thermodynamic system, Also explains different types of thermodynamic system
with appropriate examples.
4 Explain concept of Quasi-static process with necessary Diagram.
5 Differentiate between intensive and extensive properties of system.

Assignment – 2 First and Second Law of Thermodynamics

1 Prove steady flow energy equation in case of Boiler, Turbine and Condenser.
2 State and explain the 1st law of thermodynamics for a thermodynamic process and explain
the conventional meanings of positiveness and negativeness for heat and work interactions
between thermodynamic system and its surroundings across the system boundary.
3
An air compressor compresses atmospheric air at 0.1 Mpa and 27 oC by 10 times of inlet
pressure. During compression the heat loss to surrounding is estimated to be 5% of
compression work. Air enters in compressor with velocity of 40 m/s and leaves with 100
m/s Inlet and exit cross section areas are 100 cm2 and 20 cm2 respectively. Estimate the
temperature of air at exit from compressor and power input to compressor.
4
Air at temperature of 15 oC passes through a heat exchanger at velocity of 30 m/s where
temperature is raised to 800 oC. It then enters a turbine with same velocity of 30 m/s and
expands until temperature falls to 650 oC. On leaving the turbine the air is taken at
velocity of 60 m/s to a nozzle where it expands until the temperature has fallen to 500
o
C , if the air flow rate is 2kg/s calculate (i) rate of heat transfer to air in the heat
exchanger (ii) power output from turbine assuming no heat loss and (ii) velocity at exit
from the nozzle. Assuming no heat loss
5 What is the limitation of first law of thermodynamics? Explain briefly.
6 State and prove Carnot theorem.
7 Explain kelvin-Planck and clausius statements and their equivalence.
8 What is PMM2? Explain it.
9 Explain the thermodynamic temperature scale.
10 State the purpose served by each of Thermodynamic Law.
11
A reversed carnot cycle operates at either a refrigerator or heat pump. In either case the
power input is 20.8 kW. Calculate the quantity of heat extracted from the cold body for
either type of machine. In both case 3500 kJ/min heat is delivered by the machine. In
case of the refrigerator the heat is transferred to the surroundings while in case of heat
pump the space is to be heated. What is the respective coefficient of performance? If the
temperature of cold body is 0 oC for the refrigerator and 5 oC for heat pump what will be
respective of temperatures of surroundings for refrigerator and heated space for heat
pump? What reduction in heat rejection temperatures would be achieved by doubling the
COP for same cold body temperature?

Assignment – 3 Entropy and Exergy

1 What do you mean by the term Entropy? What are the characteristics of entropy?
2 How the principle of entropy is used to determine whether the process path is reversible,
irreversible or impossible.
3 State and prove Clausius theorem.
4 What is Third law of thermodynamics? Describe briefly.
5 Find out the entropy change for flow processes.

6 Define following terms in detail:

1. Exergy
2. Irreversibility
7 Find out the exergy of finite heat capacity body.
8 What is exergy for closed system?
9 What is exegy for steady flow system?
10 State and prove Gouy-stodola theorem and write down its applications.

Assignment – 4 Vapour and Gas Power Cycles

1 Explain Rankine cycle and with suitable T-S Diagram explain methods of improving
efficiency of Rankine cycle.
2 Give comparison of Carnot cycle and Rankine cycle for vapor.
3
A steam power plant uses steam as working fluid and operates at a boiler pressure of 5
MPa, dry saturated and a condenser pressure of 5 kPa. Determine the cycle efficiency for
(i) Carnot Cycle (ii) Rankine cycle. Also show T-S Representation for both the cycles.
4 Steam at 20 bar, 360 0C is expanded in a steam turbine at 0.08 bar. It then enters condenser
where it is condensed to saturated liquid water then pump feeds water back the water into
boiler Calculate net work per kg of steam and cycle efficiency.
5 In steam power cycle the dry and saturated steam is supplied at 15 bar. If the condenser
pressure is 0.4 bar, calculate the Carnot and Rankine cycle efficiencies neglecting the
pump work.
6
A steam turbine power plant operating on ideal rankine cycle receives steam at 20 bar,
300 0C at the rate of 3 kg/s and it exhausts at 0.1 bar. Determine the following
(i) Net power output
(ii) Rankine cycle with efficiency. Also explain in brief why Carnot cycle is not
practical for steam
power plant?
7 Carnot cycle is not practical. Justify.
8
Compare Otto, Diesel and Dual cycle for
1. Same compression ratio and heat supply.
2. Same maximum pressure and temperature.
3. Constant maximum pressure and heat input
9 Draw p-v and T-s diagram and also derive expression of air standard efficiency of:
1. Otto cycle
2. Diesel cycle
3. Dual cycle
4. Brayton cycle
10 In an air standard diesel cycle the compression ratio is 16. At the beginning of isentropic
compression the temperature is 15ºc and pressure is 0.1 Mpa. Heat is added until the
temperature at the end of constant pressure process is 1480ºc. Calculate:
1. Cut of ratio.
2. Cycle efficiency.
3. M.E.P.
Take: γ=1.4, R=287 NM/kg.K, Cv=0.718KJ/kg.K, Cp=1.005 KJ/kg.K
Assume Mass of air =1 kg.
11 In an ideal Brayton cycle, the ambient air at 1 bar – 300 k is compressed to 6 bar and the
maximum cycle temperature is limited to 12k. If the heat supply is 120 MV , find: (i) the
thermal efficiency of cycle (ii) work ratio (iii) power output (iv) mass flow ratio of air.
Also show the cycle on P-V and T-S diagram.
12
An air standard dual cycle has a compression ratio 15, and compression begins at 1 bar,
45ºC.the maximum pressure is 65 bar. The heat transferred to air at constant pressure at
equal to that at constant volume. Determine: (i) the pressure and temperatures at the
cardinal points of the cycle, (ii) the cycle efficiency, and (iii) the M.E.P. of the cycle.
Take Cv= 0.718 KJ/kg K.
Assignment – 5 Combustion
1 Explain the stoichiometric air fuel ratio
2 Explain the method to determine the calorific value of fuel
3 Write short not on bomb calorimeter
4 Explain construction and working of junkers gas calorimeter