Computer Technology

YEAR ONE
Section 1: Health and safety
General Objectives: The trainee will:

1. Observe Health and safety
2. Know the precautions required to prevent accident caused by hand and portable power tools.
3. Create awareness with regard to fire protections.
4. Understand Hazards related to material storage and handling.
5. Recognize the types of hazards, injuries, first aids, precautions related to electrical equipment and their installations.
6. Know the precautions required to avoid injuries caused by electrical equipment.
7. Understand the importance of hazardous area classification and their applications
TEACHING/LEARNING
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT EVALUATION
ACTIVITIES
The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 1
HEALTH AND SAFETY 1.1.1 Define safety Safety:
A state in which or a place where you are Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees to find out
safe and not in danger or at risk. come out with the meaning of more about safety and
safety. discuss in class.
1.1.2 Explain safety rules in Safety rules: Using charts, discuss safety rules Trainees to state three
the workshop.  Always listen carefully to the teacher in the workshop with trainees. safety rules in the
and follow instructions. workshop.
 Do not run in the workshop, you could
‘bump’ into another pupil and cause an
accident.
 Always wear an apron as it will protect .
your clothes and hold loose clothing
such as ties in place.
 Wear good strong shoes. Training shoes
are not suitable.
 When attempting practical work all
stools should be put away.
 Bags should not be brought into a
workshop as people can trip over them.
1
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 1
HEALTH AND SAFETY 1.1.3 Explain health hazards in Health hazards in the workshop: Group trainees to discuss health Trainees to find out
the workplace. A Hazard is a potential source of harm or hazards in the workshop. more about health
adverse health effect on a person or hazards in the
persons. workshop.
1.1.4 Differentiate between Differences between Health and Safety Using charts, discuss the Trainees to find out
health and safety  Health is the level of efficiency of the difference between health and more about the
functioning of an individual’s body. safety difference between
 Safety is a state in which you are safe health and safety.
and not in danger or at risk.
1.1.5 Describe good primary Good practices for accident prevention: Using charts, discuss the good Trainees to state two
practices of working to  Eliminate Shortcuts. primary practices for accident good practices for
prevent accidents.  Conduct Emergency Drills and Require prevention with trainees. accident prevention.
Participation.
 Be Aware of and Prepared for Inherent
Risks.
 Keep Your Eyes Peeled for Potential
Causes of Accidents.
 Post Safety Guidelines and Require
Unanimous Participation in the Safety
Program.
1.1.6 State the importance Using charts, discuss the Trainees to find out
Importance of Personal Protective
of personal importance of personal protective more about importance
Equipment:
protective equipment with trainees. of personal protective
 PPE reduces the risk of injury or harm to
equipment. equipment.
users caused by hazards present in the
workplace.
 PPE is ultimately used to minimize the
risk of injury.
 Eye protection can protect you from
chemical or metal splashes, dust, gas and
vapour and, even, radiation.
2
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2: The trainee will be able to:

ACCIDENT
PREVENTION. 1.2.1 Identify information Emergency Planning
required for  Conduct risk assessment to identify Using charts, discuss the Trainees to find out
emergency planning. potential emergency scenarios. information required for more about information
 The emergency plan should be emergency planning required for emergency
consistent with your performance planning.
objectives.
 The plan should also include a process
for damage assessment, salvage,
protection of undamaged property and
cleanup following an incident.
 A plan should be established and
resources should be on hand, or
quickly, available to prepare a facility.
1.2.2 Identify air powered Air powered and their uses: Using real object/charts show air
tools Buffers, chipping hammers, drills, powered tools to trainees. Trainees to prepare
grinders, impact tools, jack hammers, charts on air powered
riveting guns, sanders, saws, sprayers and tools.
wrenches.
1.2.3 State the uses of air State the uses of air powered tools: Discuss the uses of air powered Trainees to find out
powered tools. Compact Air Compressor, Finish Nailer, tools. more about uses of air
Narrow-Crown Stapler, powered tools.
1.2.4 Care and repair air Maintenance and repair:

powered tools.  Standard written procedures for each Demonstrate how to care for and Trainees to practice
type of tool. maintain air powered tools. how to care and
 Disconnecting the tool from the airline. maintain tools
 Regular inspection, cleaning, and oiling
of tools.
 Inspection of hoses and couplings.
3
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

ACCIDENT
PREVENTION. Machine tool Hazards: Using charts, show types of Trainees to prepare
1.2.5 Identify machine
tool hazards.
 Do not operate a machine if you are machine tool hazards with charts on machine tools
wearing loose clothing - button up shirt trainees. hazards and discuss in
sleeves or overalls. class.
 Always ensure that machine guards are
fitted and in position when operating
machinery.
 Always use clamps to hold a work piece
in the drilling machine table.
 Keep machine tools, workbenches and
surrounding areas clean of loose metal
swarf and chippings.
 Always ensure that when you leave a
machine or piece of equipment that it is
in a safe condition for the next person
to approach and use.
1.2.6 Reduce risks. Methods of risk reduction Demonstrate how to reduce risks Trainees to find out
 Be cautious and careful when using and assist trainees to practice. more about methods of
outside professionals with whom you reducing risks and
haven’t worked before. discuss in class
 Surround yourself with professionals,
mentors, and advisors who can help you
level the playing field.
 Identify, characterize threats
 Assess the vulnerability of critical
assets to specific threats
 Determine the risk (i.e. the expected
likelihood and consequences of specific
types of attacks on specific assets)
 Identify ways to reduce those risks.
4
TEACHING/ LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

ACCIDENT
PREVENTION. Importance of Machine guards Group trainees and assist them to Trainees to explain
1.2.7 State the importance
 Machine guarding helps to prevent discuss the importance of four (4) importance of
of machine guards. machine guards. Use real objects machines guards
amputations, crushing injuries and
abrasions. to facilitate understanding.
 Flying chips or debris
 Kickbacks
 Direct contact with moving parts
 Splashing of metal or harmful liquids
 Mechanical and electrical failures
 Potential human errors.

UNIT 3:
FIRE PROTECTION 1.3.1 State the importance of Importance of Fire Protection Discuss the importance of fire
fire protection.  To protect damage to human life and protection with trainees. Trainees to find out
health more about importance
 To protect damage to property. of fire protection and
 To prevent business interruption discuss in class.
 To prevent environmental pollution
Terms associated with fire

1.3.2 Explain the terms  Backfire: A fire set along the inner edge Using charts, discuss the terms
associated with fire. of a fire line to consume the fuel in the associated with fire. Trainees to prepare
charts on terms
path of a wildfire and/or change the
associated with fire.
direction of force of the fire's convection
column.
 Behave: A system of interactive
computer programs for modeling fuel
and fire behavior that consists of two
systems: BURN and FUEL.
 Buffer Zones: An area of reduced
vegetation that separates wildlands from
vulnerable residential or business
developments.
5
TEACHING/ LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 3:  Burning Period: That part of each 24-
FIRE PROTECTION hour period when fires spread most
rapidly, typically from 10:00 a.m. to
sundown.
 Brush Fire: A fire burning in vegetation
that is predominantly shrubs, brush and
scrub growth.
1.3.3 Use fire extinguishers. Methods of using fire extinguishers Group trainees to demonstrate the Trainees to prepare
 Pull the Pin at the top of the methods of using fire procedure for using fire
extinguisher. extinguishers. extinguishers.
 Aim at the base of the fire, not the
flames.
 Squeeze the lever slowly. This will
release the extinguishing agent in the
extinguisher.
 Sweep from side to side. Using a
sweeping motion, move the fire
extinguisher back and forth until the fire
is completely out.
1.3.4 Handle tools safely Safe handling of tools: Demonstrate safe handling of Trainees to practice
 One should never carry tools up or down tools with trainees. safe handling of tools
a ladder in a way that inhibits grip.
 Tools should always be carefully handed
from one employee to another, never
tossed.
 Workers carrying large tools or
equipment on their shoulders should pay
close attention to clearances when
turning and maneuvering around the
workplace.
6
TEACHING/ LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 3:  Pointed tools such as chisels and
FIRE PROTECTION screwdrivers should never be carried in a
worker’s pocket.
 Tools should always be put away when
not in use.
Maintenance and Repair of tools:

1.3.5 Maintain and repair ICT Demonstrate how to maintain and Trainees to practice
tools  Keep your tools in a dry place. repair ICT tools. how to maintain and
 Store power tools in their original cases. repair ICT tools.
 Use silica gel packs or rust collector.
 Clean Your Tools After Every Use
1.3.6 Use hand tools. Methods of using hand tools: Group trainees to demonstrate the Trainees to practice the
 Use the right tool for the intended job. correct method of using hand correct method of using
 Always wear safety glasses/goggles to tools. hand tools.
prevent serious eye damage.
 It is unsafe to add more leverage to any
tool by use of an extension.
 Use the shop vice when the job requires
1.3.7 Identify electrical tools Electrical tools: Using charts and real objects, Trainees to prepare
 Electric hand drill guide trainees to show types of charts on electrical
 Voltmeter electrical tools to trainees. hand tools and discuss
 Wire Strippers in class.
 Side Cutter Diagonal Pliers
 Linesman Pliers
 Non-contact Voltage Detector
 Hammer
 Fish Tape
 Tape Measure
7
TEACHING/ LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 3:
FIRE PROTECTION 1.3.8 Use electrical tools. Using electrical tools:
 Electric Hand Drill: Normally used for Demonstrate how to us electrical Trainees to practice
spinning pop rivets in their holes until tools with trainees. how to use the
you die of old age. electrical tools
 Voltmeter: A voltmeter is used to check
voltages and verify that circuits are
indeed “live”.
 Wire Strippers: Wire strippers are used
to cut the insulation off of the wire. They .
are equipped with different sized cutting
teeth for various sized wires. They also
have a cut off portion in order to cut the
wire.
 Side Cutter Diagonal Pliers: These
cutting pliers, sometimes called side
snips, are used to cut wire. They are
specially designed with a cutting edge
that goes down to the tip of the pliers.
The advantage being that you can get
into tight areas to trim wires. There are
some that are equipped with live wire
detection capabilities.
 Linesman Pliers: These pliers are the
do-it-all pliers. They cut, twist wires
together, and grip wires for pulling.
They have a squared off end that is great
for twisting wires together, a center
cutting blade for cutting wire, and a grip
area between the handles to pull wire.
8
TEACHING/ LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 3: Using electrical tools:
FIRE PROTECTION  Hammer: A hammer is used to secure
boxes equipped with nail-on brackets to Demonstrate the uses of electrical Trainees to practice
studs in a home. You’ll also need it to tools with trainees. how to use electrical
drive Romex straps when adding new tools.
Romex wiring in a home.
 Fish Tape: A fish tape is used to pull
stranded or solid wire through metal or
PVC conduit. Cable lube is available to
assist you in pulling the wires through
the pipe.
 Tape Measure: A tape measure is used
to measure heights for switches and
outlets. You will also need it to center
lighting fixture boxes.
1.3.9 Maintain electrical Maintenance of electrical tools Demonstrate how to maintain Trainees to practice
tools electrical tools with trainees how to maintain
 Don’t skimp on expendables- Portable
electrical tools
electric power tools are only as good as
the bits, blades, or dies that actually do
the work.
 Inspect before using - It should be
standard operating procedure for field
personnel to perform visual inspection of
portable electric power tools before
using them.
 Problems during use - If a problem is
discovered when operating a portable
electric power tool cease work with that
tool immediately and fix the problem.
9
TEACHING AND LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 4 The trainee will be able to:

HAZARDS IN MATERIAL
STORAGE. 1.4.1 Describe the features Features of manual handling and Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to prepare
of manual handling material storage: features of manuals handling and charts on features of
and materials storage.  Think before you lift: Plan the lift, how material storage. Use charts to manual handling and
heavy is the load. What is the weight facilitate understanding material storage
distribution of the load (keep heaviest
side close to body)
 Keep the load close to the waist: Keep
the load close to the waist for as long as
possible while lifting. The distance of
the load from the spine at waist height is
an important factor in the overall load on
the spine and back muscles.
 Adopt a stable position: Your feet
should be apart with one leg slightly
forward to maintain balance (alongside
the load if it's on the ground). Be
prepared to move your feet during the
lift in order to maintain a stable posture.
 Ensure a good hold on the load: Where
possible, hug the load close to the body.
This may be a better option than
gripping it tightly with the hands only
his may be a better option than gripping
it tightly with the hands only.
 Don't bend your back excessively
when lifting: A slight bending of the
back, hips and knees at the start of the
lift is preferable to either fully flexing
the back (stooping) or fully flexing the
hips and knees in other words, fully
squatting.
10
ACTIVITIES

HAZARDS IN MATERIAL
STORAGE. 1.4.2 Identify the problems Problems hazardous liquids and solids: Using charts, group trainees to Trainees to prepare
associated with  cleaners – common-cleaning materials discuss the problems associated charts on problems
hazardous liquids and can cause localised burns and skin with hazardous liquids and solids. associated with
solids. complaints hazardous liquids and
 hairdressers – a number of hairdressing solids.
products can damage their skin
 welders – dangerous fumes from
welding can damage their lungs
 bakery workers – flour and bakery dust
can cause irritation of eyes and nose,
skin problems and asthma
 Garage workers – paints, solvents, oils
and grease, and exposure to exhaust
fumes can all damage their health.
Correct methods of shipping Materials Demonstrate the current methods Trainees to state three
1.4.3 Handle materials for  The plan should be developed in of handling and shipping procedures for
shipping and receiving consultation between the planner(s) and materials. handling shipping
all who will use and benefit from the materials.
equipment to be employed.
 The material handling plan should
reflect the strategic objectives of the
organization as well as the more
immediate needs.
 The plan should document existing
methods and problems, physical and
economic constraints, and future
requirements and goals.
 The plan should promote concurrent
engineering of product, process design,
process layout, and material handling
methods, as opposed to independent
and sequential design practices.
11
ACTIVITIES

HAZARDS IN MATERIAL
STORAGE. Correct methods of receiving materials: Demonstrate the current methods Trainees to state the
 the date the material was received or of receiving materials. correct procedure for
service was performed receiving materials.
 whether the delivery was on time
 the quantity of material received and
whether any discrepancies exist when
compared with the packing slip
 whether the quality of the material
meets specifications
 the names of the personnel who
performed these checks

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS.
1.5.1 Identify types of Electrical injuries: Using charts, show types of Trainees to prepare
electrical injuries.  Burns electrical injuries to trainees charts on types of
 Electric shock injuries electrical injuries and
 Eye injuries discuss in class.
1.5.2 Describe the safety Safety requirements of various electrical Using charts, discuss the Safety Prepare charts on
requirements of the equipment: requirements of the various requirements of the
various electrical Electrical equipment is part of our daily electrical equipment with trainees various electrical
equipment. lives. How well we are protected from equipment
being harmed by the electrical energy
depends very much on the safety features
built into the equipment.
The safety requirements for electrical
equipment are covered in various standards
such as the following British Standards:
 BS 415: Safety requirements for mains
operated electronic and related
apparatus for household and general
use.
 BS 3456: Specification for safety of
household and similar electrical
appliances.
12
ACTIVITIES

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS.
 BS 4743: Specification for safety
equipment for electronic measuring
apparatus.
1.5.3 Select equipment for Methods of selection:

hazardous locations.  During maintenance operations where Demonstrate how to select Practice how to select
alternative effective precautions are equipment for hazardous location equipment for
provided to control the risk. hazardous location
 Where workers can be excluded from
the hazardous area, and will not be at
risk from any ignition of an explosive
atmosphere.
 Where equipment of the required
category is simply not available, but a
lower category can be used in
combination with other protective
measures to achieve the purposes of
these regulations.
1.5.4 Inspect electrical Method of inspecting electrical Demonstrate how to inspect Practice how to inspect
equipment. equipment electrical equipment with electrical equipment
 A visual check to ensure there are no trainees.
obvious problems.
 A series of electrical tests to ensure the
safety of the item.
 Tagging of the equipment to indicate to
users that the item has been identified as
safe in accordance with AS/NZS
3760:2010 and when the item is due to
be tested again.
 Provision of a detailed Asset Register
and Log Book.
13
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 5 The trainee will be able to

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS.
1.5.6 follow maintenance Maintenance procedures Demonstrate the correct Practice the
procedures. Maintenance procedures refer to inspection procedures for maintenance maintenance
and repairs of various machines or helping procedures
to ensure there are no problems that might
halt production or use.

PREVENTING 1.6.1 Prevent injury from Demonstrate the method of Practice how to
ELECTRICAL INJURIES. Prevention of injury from Electrical
electrical Equipment: preventing electrical injuries prevent electrical
equipment.  Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) injuries
– This equipment includes rubber
insulating gloves, hoods, sleeves,
matting, blankets, line hose, and
nonconductive hard hats.
 Insulation Inspections– To prevent
shock from weakened insulation inspect
extension cords and tools before every
use.
 Only Use ground fault circuit
interrupters - This method can
eliminate ground fault electric shock
hazards.
 Lock and Tag– Use lockout/tag out
employees need to place either a tag or a
lock on the source of power, when
performing maintenance to prevent
accidental energization.
 Power line safety– When working near
above head power lines employees need
to ensure they use only wood or
fiberglass ladders. Before digging be
sure to call the local utility company to
prevent contact with buried power lines.
14
ACTIVITIES

PREVENTING
ELECTRICAL INJURIES. 1.6.2 Minimize electrical Minimizing electrical injuries Demonstrate the ways of Trainees to practice
injuries.  Identify possible electrical risks. minimizing electrical injuries ways of minimizing
 Repair or replace damaged appliances, electrical injuries
wiring, cords, and plugs (repairs should
be attempted only by people with proper
training).
 Never use electrical appliances in the
bathroom or anywhere else they might
come in contact with water.
 Keep children away from electric
appliances and teach them about the
dangers of electricity as soon as they are
old enough.
 Use safety covers on electric outlets in
homes with young children.
 Telephones, computers, hair dryers, and
other appliances that could attract
lightning should not be used during
thunderstorms.

UNIT 7
CLASSIFICATION OF 1.7.1 Classify areas in a Areas of classification in a workshop Group trainees to discuss areas Trainees to find out
HAZARDOUS AREAS workshop. Method of analysing and classifying the classification in a workshop more about areas
AND APPLICATIONS. Environment where explosive gas classification in a
atmospheres may occur so as to facilitate workshop
the proper selection and
installation of equipment to be used safely
in that environment.
15
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 7
CLASSIFICATION OF 1.7.2 Identify the safety Safety precautions: Using charts, show safety Trainees to find out
HAZARDOUS AREAS precautions in different  Observe and practice the safety precautions in different areas more about safety
AND APPLICATIONS. areas. procedures established for the job. precautions in different
 Keep your work area clean. areas
 Observe “No Smoking” regulations.
 Do not tamper with electric controls or
switches.
 Clean up spilled liquid, oil, or grease
immediately.
 Do not block access to fire
extinguishers.
 Use seat belts and shoulder restraints (if
available) whenever you operate a
vehicle.
1.7.3 Identify electrical Electrical equipment in hazardous areas Using charts, show electrical Trainees to prepare
equipment in HAE Lighting, HAE Control Station and equipment in hazardous areas to charts on electrical
hazardous areas. Junction Boxes, HAE iS Barriers, HAE trainees. equipment in
Plugs, Sockets and Isolators, HAE hazardous areas
Signaling Devices, etc.
1.7.4 Explain electrical Classification of Electrical hazardous Group trainees to discuss Trainees to find out
hazardous areas areas electrical hazardous area more about electrical
classification. These are those areas where there is classification hazardous areas
possibility or risk of fire or explosion classification.
might occur due to an explosive
atmosphere and/or mixture is often called a
hazardous location/area.
16
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 7:
CLASSIFICATION OF 1.7.5 Take precautions when Precautions:
HAZARDOUS AREAS modifying process  Plant exemptions - Plant which relies Group trainees to demonstrate the Trainees to practice the
AND APPLICATIONS. plant or equipment. exclusively on manual power for its precautions to be taken when precautions to be taken
operation or which is designed to be modifying process plant or when modifying
primarily supported by hand is not equipment. process plant
covered by these procedures. equipment
 Machine Guarding - Physical barriers
that make machines safe by preventing
access to dangerous parts.
 Commissioning - means performing the
necessary adjustments, tests and
inspections before the plant is used to
ensure that the plant is in full working
order.
17
Section 2: Computers

1. Know computers and their components.
2. Know how to assemble a personal computer
3. Recognize computer environment
4. Understand the functions of components of a computer and the operating system.
5. Know how to use the desktop and work with icons and windows.
6. Know how to manage drives and folders.
7. Know how to install and use antivirus package

ACTIVITIES
UNTI 1: 2.1.1 State the history of History of development of PC: Trainees to prepare
INTRODUCTION TO development of PC. The history of computers starts out about Group trainees to discuss the notes on history of
COMPUTERS. 2000 years ago in Babylonia history of development of PC development of
(Mesopotamia), at the birth of the abacus, computers and discuss
a wooden rack holding two horizontal in class
wires with beads strung on them. Blaise
Pascal is usually credited for building the
first digital computer in 1642. It added
numbers entered with dials and was made
to help his father, a tax collector.
2.1.2 Explain the history of History of CPU Technology Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to prepare
CPU Technology. The CPU was invented by Intel in 1978, history of CPU technology notes on history of
and the x86 architecture has evolved CPU technology the
through the ages; not only getting faster, history and discuss in
but increasingly flexible as more and more class
extensions and instruction sets accompany
each new release.

Functions of the main components of a
UNIT 2 2.2.1 State the functions of PC: Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to prepare
FUNCTIONS OF MAIN the main components  Input Unit - Data and instructions must functions of the basic components charts on functions of
COMPONENTS OF of a PC. enter the computer system before any of a PC. main components of a
COMPUTER computation can be performed on the PC
supplied data.
18
ACTIVITIES

 Output Unit - It supplied information
UNIT 2 and results of computation to the outside
FUNCTIONS OF MAIN world.
COMPONENTS OF  Memory Unit - The data and
COMPUTER instructions that are entered into the
computer system through input units
have to be stored inside the computer
before the actual processing starts.
 Processor- This unit is responsible for
all events inside the computer.
 Secondary Storage Device - is used to
store data and programs permanently for
later use.
2.2.2 Identify CPU Specifications: Using charts, show CPU Trainees to prepare
technological  Internal registers. technological specifications to charts on CPU
specifications.  Data input and output bus. trainees technological
 Memory addresses bus. specifications and
discuss in class.
2.2.3 Explain the functions Functions of the motherboard
of motherboard. A motherboard is one of the most essential Using models, discuss functions Trainees to find out
parts of a computer system. It holds of motherboard with trainees more about functions
together many of the crucial components of the motherboard
of a computer, including the central
processing unit (CPU), memory and
connectors for input and output devices.
2.2.4 State the functions of Functions of components of Using models, group trainees to Trainees to find out
components of motherboard. discuss the functions of more about the
motherboard.  Processor Socket - It is the central components of motherboard functions of
piece of a motherboard, usually located
components of
near the center of the motherboard.
motherboard
 Power Connectors - The power
connector, commonly a 20 or 24-pin
connector, can be situated either near
the right edge of the motherboard
19
ACTIVITIES
The trainee will be able to:  Memory Slots - the memory slots are
used to house the computer’s memory
UNIT 2 modules.
FUNCTIONS OF MAIN  Video Card Slot – It is in the form of a
COMPONENTS OF PCI-Express slot on newer motherboards
COMPUTER or AGP on older ones which helps to
hold the video card in place.
 Expansion Slots – It has the role of
letting you install additional components
to enhance or expand the functionality of
your PC.
 IDE and SATA Ports - Are used to
provide connectivity for the storage
devices and optical drives.
 BIOS Chip and Battery- BIOS chip
contains the basic code needed to take
your computer through the boot process,
up to the point where the operating
system takes over.
2.2.5 Identify the Specifications of BOIS and POST: Using charts/models, show Trainees to prepare
specifications of BOIS specifications of BIOS and charts on specifications
BOIS and POST.  Port addressing POST with trainees of BIOS and POST
 Command codes and command format
 Status bit format
 Interrupt level
 DMA transfer capability
 512 byte of data per second.
POST
 New – The termination precondition R
must describe the initial state from which
execution must terminate.
 If the precondition P holds in the initial
state, the post condition Q must be
established.
20
ACTIVITIES
2.2.6 State the functions of Functions of BIOS and POST:

UNIT 2 BIOS-Is to handle the system setup Using charts/models, show Trainees to find out
FUNCTIONS OF MAIN BIOS and POST. more about functions
process including driver loading and specifications of BIOS and POST
COMPONENTS OF operating system booting. to trainees of BIOS and POST
COMPUTER POST-It performs a basic test of the
individual hardware components such as
the motherboard, RAM memory, etc.,
before the PC proceed to windows.
2.2.7 Define computer bus Computer Bus

A bus in computing also known as the Group trainee to discuss computer Trainees to prepare
address bus, data bus, or local bus is a data bus charts on buses of
connection between two or more devices technology
connected to the computer
2.2.8 State the functions of Functions of a Buses Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find-out
buses A bus enables a computer processor to functions of computer buses more about the
communicate with the memory or a video functions of computer
card to communicate with the memory. It buses and discuss in
reduces the number of "pathways" needed class
for communication between the
components, by carrying out all
communications over a single data channel.
This is why the metaphor of a "data
highway" is sometimes used
Group Learners to discuss the
Characteristics of Computer Buses Trainees to find-out
2.2.9 Describe the characteristics of computer buses
A bus is characterized by the amount of more about the
characteristics of Buses.
information that can be transmitted at characteristics of
once. This amount, expressed in bits, computer buses and
corresponds to the number of physical discuss in class
lines over which data is sent
simultaneously. A 32-wire ribbon cable
can transmit 32 bits in parallel. The term
"width" is used to refer to the number of
bits that a bus can transmit at once.
21
ACTIVITIES

FUNCTIONS OF MAIN
COMPONENTS OF 2.2.10 Define storage devices Storage device
COMPUTER A storage device is any computing Group trainees to discuss storage Trainees to find out
hardware that is used for storing, porting devices with trainees more about storage
and extracting data files and objects. It can devices.
hold and store information both
temporarily and permanently, and can be
internal or external to a computer, server
or any similar computing device.
A storage device may also be known as a
storage medium
2.2.11 Identify types of Types of Storage Device Using charts/models and real Trainees to prepare
storage devices. There are two different types of storage objects, show types of storages charts on types of
devices: devices to trainees storage devices and
 Primary Storage Devices: Generally discuss in class
smaller in size, are designed to hold data
temporarily and are internal to the
computer. They have the fastest data
access speed, and include RAM and
cache memory.
 Secondary Storage Devices: These
usually have large storage capacity, and
they store data permanently. They can be
both internal and external to the
computer, and they include the hard disk,
compact disk drive and USB storage
device.
22
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 2.2.12 Identify types of Types of connections for storage devices Using charts/real objects/models, Trainees to prepare
FUNCTIONS OF MAIN connections for storage The devices can be connected to the show types of connections for charts on types of
COMPONENTS OF devices computer in two ways. First one is, by storage devices connections for storage
COMPUTER connecting them directly to the devices and discuss in
motherboard and for this purpose, one class
doesn't have to open up the PC (external),
Second method is to do so by opening up
the PC and then connecting it to the system
(internal). Following are the devices and
the buses which can be connected
externally
2.2.13 Explain types of Connections for storage devices Discuss types of connections for Trainees to find out
connections for storage External storage devices with trainees. Use more about types of
devices USB: The USB is known by everyone. models to facilitate connections for storage
One must know that it is connected to the understanding. devices and discuss in
PC externally since the PC doesn't have to class
be opened up to accept the connection and
there are sometimes the buses as well
which don't even require connecting it to
the CPU.
Firewire: It is the high speed bus used for
connecting some digital devices together.
As the characteristics indicate, it also is
connected externally.
SATA: The SATA is the bus which
connects the PC to some storage devices
like HD. It is also connected externally and
doesn't require the computer to be opened
up.
Ethernet: When the wireless connection
can't be used, Ethernet cable can provide
the connection to the LAN card. It is also
connected to LC externally.
23
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 Internal:
FUNCTIONS OF MAIN IDE Configuration of Setup (Cable
COMPONENTS OF Selection Slave, Master): Normally, there
COMPUTER are two IDE slots on the mother board
which is primary and secondary. Primary
is for HD and secondary is for the CD
ROM. They can't get connected to each
other's connectors so they must be
connected accordingly.
SCSI IDs (0-15): It is actually how the

devices make a decision that which device
gets to control which bus. The SCSI is
actually given some ranks, or numbers
which are called the ID's. From 0-7 the IDs
means that the priority level increases and
these SCSI are so narrow. But from
onwards, the priority level falls down.
Since these buses operate inside the PC,
they are also the internal buses.
Hot swappable drives: The meaning of

hot swappable devices is that those devices
can be removed without having the PC
shut down. So, one can save one's self
from the hustle of shutting down and
powering ups the devices again and again.
There are some HDDs which are
swappable as well.
24
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 2.2.14 Install and configure How to Install and Configure Storage Demonstrate how to install and Trainees to practice
FUNCTIONS OF MAIN storage devices. Devices configures storage devices how to install and
COMPONENTS OF 1. Shut down the computer, unplug all configure storage
COMPUTER peripherals and the power cord, and open devices
the computer case.
2. Remove the original storage device by
 Disconnecting the data and power
cables from the drive.
 Unscrewing the drive from the bay and
slide it out of the bay.
 If you are removing the master drive,
reset the jumpers on other drives, if
necessary.
3. Locate an available drive bay, data
connection on the data cable, and a
power connector.
4. Set the jumpers for Cable Select, master,
or slave, as appropriate to your needs.
There is usually a sticker on the top of
the drive that specifies the jumper
settings for each of these functions. If
there is not a sticker, then the
documentation for the drive will include
this information.
 If the drive is the first drive on the
channel, it should be configured as
Cable Select or master.
 If the drive is the second drive on the
channel, it should be configured as
Cable Select or slave.
 If Cable Select is not available on your
system, you should use the slave
25
setting.

ACTIVITIES

How to Install and Configure Storage
UNIT 2 Devices
FUNCTIONS OF MAIN 5. If necessary, attach rails to the drive to
COMPONENTS OF fit in the drive bay.
COMPUTER 6. Slide the drive into the bay, and then
connect the data and power cables
7. Restart the system, and if necessary,
access CMOS setup to enable the drive.
Configuration:
When you first buy a system it normally
pre-configured. However, if you plan to
change any part or add any part to it for
example a storage device or any other
device then you need to reconfigure the
system. The device is connected to and
under the control of the CPU. For modern
windows based PC is much easier where
extra instruction is installed and the
existing ones changed in a configuration
file called the config.sys.
2.2.15 Identify input and Input and output devices: Using real objects/models show Trainees to prepare
output devices. Input devices input and output devices to charts on input and
Input device can read data and convert trainees output devices and
them to a form that a computer can use. discuss in class
E.g. Keyboard, mouse, etc.
Output devices
Output devices provide a way for a
computer to output data for
communication with users or other
computers. E.g. Monitor Projector, etc.
26
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 2.2.16 State the functions Functions video cards and display Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find-out
FUNCTIONS OF MAIN video cards and devices. functions of video card and more about video cards
COMPONENTS OF display devices. Video card - A video card connects to the display devices and display devices
COMPUTER motherboard of a computer system and and discuss in class.
generates output images to display.
Display devices – It allows you to see

what your computer is doing and interact
with it.
2.2.17 Install and configure Installation and Configuration Video Demonstrate how to install and
video cards and Card Display devices: configure video cards and display Trainees to practice
display devices. The device is connected to and under the devices how to install and
control of the CPU. For modern windows configure video cards
based PC is much easier where extra and display devices
instruction is installed and the existing
ones changed in a configuration file called
the config.sys.
When you first buy a system it normally

pre-configured. However, if you plan to
change any part or add any part to it for
example, video cards, display devices or
any other device then you need to
reconfigure the system. The device is
connected to and under the control of the
CPU. For modern windows based PC is
much easier where extra instruction is
installed and the existing ones changed in a
configuration file called the config.sys.
27
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 2.2.18 Identify types of Types of printers: Using charts/models/real objects, Trainees to write report
FUNCTIONS OF MAIN printers.  Impact printers show types of printers to trainees. after visit and discuss
COMPONENTS OF  Dot-Matrix Printers You way send trainees on visit to in class in groups
COMPUTER  Daisy-wheel printers a recognized industry.
 Line printers
 Non-impact printers
 Ink-jet printers
 Laser printers
Using charts/models, show types Trainees to find out
Types of Peripheral technologies.
2.2.19 Identify types of PC of PC peripheral technologies to more about peripheral
Printer, scanner, mouse, etc.
peripheral trainees. device
technologies.
I/O Interface and Ports
2.2.20 Explain I/O I/O Interface: It would not be practical for Group trainees to discuss I/O Trainees to find out
(interfaces and ports). Interface and ports more about I/O
every I/O device to be wired to the
interface and ports and
computer in a different way, so we must
discuss in class
have a scheme where the hardware
connections are fixed, and yet the
communication with the device is flexible,
so that the widely varying needs of devices
can all be met.
I/O Port: The input/output port is what
allows the software drivers to
communicate with hardware devices on
your computer.
Power Supply Unit (PSU):

2.2.21 Explain the Power Group trainees to discuss Power Trainees to prepare
A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains
Supply Unit (PSU) Supply Unit (PSU) charts on types of PSU
AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for
technology and discuss
the internal components of a computer.
Modern personal computers universally in class
use a switched-mode power supply.
28
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 2.2.22 Identify types of PSU Types of PSU technologies Using models/charts/real objects, Trainees to find out
FUNCTIONS OF MAIN technologies. DC Power Supply- It is a type of power show types of PSU technology to more about PSU
COMPONENTS OF supply unit which derives power from the trainees technologies and
COMPUTER AC supply mains. discuss in class
AC Power Supply- It is a type of power
supply that takes voltage from mains and
lowers it to the desired voltage.
Programmable Power Supply- It is a
remote control type power supply with
analogue input or digital interface.
Uninterrupted Power Supply- It is a
device that gives the power to the load
when the main supply fails.
High Voltage Power Supply- High
voltage power supply is one that outputs
high volts.

ASSEMBLING OF 2.3.1 Assembly Personal Procedure for assembling a computer Trainees to state five
PERSONAL Demonstrate the procedure for
Computers. system: assembling computers with (5) procedures for
COMPUTERS
 Connect one side of the power cable to trainees. Assist trainees to assembling computers.
the system unit and the other side to the practice
socket.
 Connect one side of the power cable to
the monitor and the other side to the
socket.
 Connect the keyboard to the system
unit.
 Connect the keyboard to the monitor.
 Connect one side of the VGA to the
system unit, and the other side to the
monitor, and then tight the two nuts
well.
 Connect the power cable to the main
29
socket.

ACTIVITIES

ASSEMBLING OF
PERSONAL 2.3.2 Disassemble a computer Procedure for dismantling a computer Demonstrate the procedure for Trainees to practice
COMPUTERS system. system: dismantling computers with how to dismantle
 Switch off the power from the system trainees. computers
unit and the monitor after using the
computer.
 Switch off the power from the socket to
the main power.
 Remove the power cable from the
socket to the system unit.
 Remove the power cable from the
socket to the monitor.
 Remove the VGA cable from the
system unit by unscrewing the nuts.
 Remove the VGA cable from the back
of the monitor.
 Remove the keyboard from the system
unit.
 Remove the mouse from the system
unit.

COMPUTER
ENVIRONMENT. 2.4.1 Define computer Computer Hardware Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees to find out
hardware. It is the collection of physical parts of a come out with the meaning of more about computer
computer system which can be seen. computer hardware hardware and discuss in
class
2.4.2 Identify types of Types of computer hardware Using charts/real objects, show Prepare charts on
computer hardware This includes the computer case, monitor, types of computer hardware to computer software and
keyboard, and mouse. It also includes all trainees discuss in class
the parts inside the computer case, such as
the hard disk drive, motherboard, video
card, and many others.
30
ACTIVITIES

COMPUTER
ENVIRONMENT. 2.4.3 Define computer Computer Software Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees to find out
software. Software is any set of electronic come out with the meaning of more about computer
instructions that directs a computer to computer software software
perform tasks or operations.
2.4.4 Identify types of Types of Computer Software: Trainees to find out

computer software Generally, software is classified into two Using charts/real objects, show more about computer
classes, they are, system software and types of computer software to software
application software. trainees
2.4.5 Describe the uses of Uses of Computer Software: Trainees to state three
computer software Application of software – Any type of Group trainees to discuss the uses (3) uses of the computer
software which helps the computer to of computer software software
perform a specific task.
System software –This types of software
helps to manage the computers resources.
2.4.6 Differentiate between Difference between Application Trainees to find out

application software and Software and System Software Using charts/real objects, show the more about the
system software Application software perform specific difference between application difference between
task. software and system software application software and
System software manages the PC system software and
resources. discuss in class

FUNCTIONS OF AN 2.5.1 Define an operating Operating System
OPERATING SYSTEM. system. It is the main program in a computer that Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees to find out
controls the way the computer works and come out with the meaning of more about operating
makes it possible for other programs to operating system system and discuss in
function. class
2.5.2 Identify types of Types operating system:

operating system. Batch operating system - The users of Using charts/real objects/models, Trainees to prepare
batch operating system do not interact with show types of operating system to notes on types of
the computer directly. trainees operating system and
31
discuss in class

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 5 Time-sharing operating systems - Time

FUNCTIONS OF AN sharing is a technique which enables many
OPERATING SYSTEM. people, located at various terminals, to use
a particular computer system at the same
time.
Distributed operating System -

Distributed systems use multiple central
processors to serve multiple real time
application and multiple users.
Network operating System - Network

Operating System runs on a server and
provides server the capability to manage
data, users, groups, security, applications,
and other networking functions.
Real Time operating System - Is as a data

processing system in which the time
interval required to process and respond to
inputs is so small that it controls the
environment.
UNIT 6 2.6.1 Describe the pointing Pointing Device: Using charts/real objects/models, Trainees to find out
ICONS AND WINDOWS device. A device with which you can control the discuss pointing device with more about the
movement of the pointer to select items on trainees pointing device system
a display screen. Examples of pointing and discuss in class
devices include mice, trackballs, joysticks,
touchpads, and light pens.
2.6.2 Identify types of Types of pointing device: Using charts/real objects/models, Trainees to prepare
pointing device Mouse, Trackball, Touch Pad, Pointing show types of pointing device to charts on types of
Stick, Joystick, Touch Screen, etc. trainees pointing device system
and discuss in class
32
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 6 2.6.3 Demonstrate the Operations of the pointing device: Demonstrate the operations of the Trainees to practice the
ICONS AND WINDOWS operations of the Mouse - It is used to control the cursor or pointing device operations of the
pointing device pointer on the screen and to give pointing device
commands to the computer.
Trackball - The ball is rotated or rolled
with fingers to move the pointer on the
screen.
Touch Pad - It is a small, flat surface over
which a user slides fingertip to move the
pointer on the screen.
Pointing Stick - It is used to control the
movement of a pointer on the screen.
Joystick - The button of the joystick is
pressed to activate certain event or action.
It’s basically used to play video games.
Touch Screen - Input is given to the
computer directly by touching the screen
with user fingertip.

UNIT 7
MANAGING DRIVES 2.7.1 Manage the Computer Storage system: Group trainees to demonstrate how Trainees to write report
AND FOLDERS. Computer Storage Hard Disk Storage - Spinning hard disk to manage the computer storage after visit and discuss in
systems. (HD) drives are today the most common systems. Take trainees to an class
means of high capacity computer storage, industry to examine how drive and
with most desktop and laptop computers folders are managed
still relying on a spinning hard disk to
store their operating system, applications
programs and at least some user data.
33
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 7
MANAGING DRIVES Optical Disk Storage - Almost all optical
AND FOLDERS. storage involves the use of a 5" disk from
which data is read by a laser. Optical
media can be read only (such as
commercial software, music or movie
disks), write-one, or rewritable, and
currently exists in one of three basic
formats.
Solid State Drives - Solid state storage

devices store computer data on non-
volatile "flash" memory chips rather than
by changing the surface properties of a
magnetic or optical spinning disk.
Flash Memory Cards - Flash memory

cards were developed as a storage media
for digital cameras and mobile computers.
Network And Online Storage - Many

computer users may never have to back-up
their data to a removable media or external
hard drive (and indeed may be discouraged
or banned from doing so) because their
files will be stored and backed-up on their
company's network servers.
2.7.2 Describe the Directory Directory Structures: Using charts/pictures, discuss the Prepare charts on
Structures This directory is the first one mounted at directory structures directory structures
boot time and it contains the base system and discuss in class.
necessary to prepare the operating system
for multi-user operation. The root directory
also contains mount points for other file
systems that are mounted during the
transition to multi-user operation.
34
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 7
MANAGING DRIVES 2.7.3 Explain the concept of Filing and File management
AND FOLDERS. filing and file A file is a collection of related data as well Group trainees to discuss the Trainees practice filing
management. as programs that you buy and write concept of filing and file and file management.
documents from your word processor, and management
data that your applications write to disk.
The system that an operating system or
program uses to organize and keep track
of files. For example, a hierarchical file
system is one that uses directories to
organize files into a tree structure.
Although the operating system provides its
own file management system, you can buy
separate file management systems.
2.7.4 Describe the operations Operations of recycle bin: Using real object/model, group Trainees to find out
of recycle bin. The Recycle Bin is a location where trainees to discuss the concept of more about the
deleted files are temporarily stored in recycling bin concept of recycling
every version of Microsoft Windows since and discuss in class
Windows 95. The Recycling Bin allows
users to recover files that have been
deleted in Windows. The image to the
right is an example of what the Recycle
Bin may look like in your version of
Windows; it can be found on the Desktop.

INSTALL AND USE
ANTIVIRUS. 2.8.1 Define antivirus. Definition: Group trainees to discuss and Trainees to prepare
Antivirus software is a type of utility used come out with the meaning of notes on antivirus and
for scanning and removing viruses from a antivirus discuss in class
computer.
2.8.2 Identify types of Types of Antivirus

antivirus. Avira, Panda, Norton 360, etc. Using models/charts/real objects Trainees to prepare
show types of antivirus to charts on antivirus and
35
trainees discuss in class

ACTIVITIES

INSTALL AND USE
ANTIVIRUS. 2.8.3 Install Antivirus Installation of antivirus software: Group trainees to demonstrate Trainees to practice
Software.  Double click on the Setup. how to install antivirus how to install antivirus
 Select your preferred language software
 read the End User License Agreement
 Click Install to proceed with the
default installation.
2.8.4 Use antivirus Using the antivirus

 Launch the antivirus program. Group trainees to demonstrate Trainees to practice
 Select the drive to scan. how touse antivirus how to use antivirus
 Click on the Scan tab.
36
Section 3: Data

1. Know DATA Integrity
2. Understand task in co-operation with others.
3. Understand effectiveness of own contribution to the task.

ACTIVITIES
3.1.1 Explain the backup Backup concept:

UNIT 1 concept. Backup creates a volume shadow copy of Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
DATA INTEGRITY your data to create an accurate copy of the backup concept more about the backup
contents of your hard drive, including any concept and discuss in
open files or files that are being used by class
the system. Users can continue to access
the system while the Backup utility is
running without risking loss of data.
3.1.2 Apply the techniques Backup Techniques:

for backup.  Full Backups - This stores a copy of all Group trainees to demonstrate the Trainees to practice the
files and typically occurs automatically technique for backup technique for backup
according to a pre-set schedule.
 Incremental Backups - It save space by
backing up only the files that have been
created or changed since the last backup.
 Differential Backups - This is similar to
incremental backups, except that each
backup operation stores the new and
updated files since the last full backup.
 Virtual Full Backups - This uses a
database to track and manage backed-up
data, which helps avoid some of the
pitfalls of other backup methods.
37
Section 4: PC Power Support
General Objectives: The trainees will:
1. Understand basic electrical circuit parameters.
2. Know how computer systems work
3. Recognize computer case and form factors
4. Know how to detect and correct power supply problems.

ACTIVITIES

UNIT 1:
INTRODUCTION TO 4.1.1 Define Ohms law. Ohms Law:
BASIC ELECTRICAL A law relating to the voltage difference Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees to prepare
CIRCUIT. between two points, the electric current come out with the meaning of notes on Ohms Law
flowing between them, and the resistance Ohms Law. and discuss in class.
of the path of the current.
4.1.2 Apply the Ohms law. Application of Ohms Law: Discuss the application of Ohms Trainees to find out
For series circuits connection. Law with trainees more about the
For parallel circuits connection. application of the
ohm’s law.
4.1.3 Calculate V, I and R Calculation: Assist trainees to calculate for V, Trainees to calculate V,
using Ohms law. The three basic principles for this tutorial I, and R. I, and R when given
can be explained using electrons, or more the values
specifically, the charge they create.
 Voltage is the difference in charge
between two points.
 Current is the rate at which charge is
flowing.
 Resistance is a material’s tendency to
resist the flow of charge (current).
Therefore, V = I x R
Power:
4.1.4 Define Power. The ability or capacity to do something or Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees to find out
act in a particular way. come out with the meaning of more about power and
power discuss in class
38
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 1:
INTRODUCTION TO 4.1.5 Calculate power in a Power: Assist trainees to calculate for Trainees to calculate V,
BASIC ELECTRICAL circuit. Power is equal to P = (I * E) power I, and R when given
CIRCUIT. values
4.1.6 Explain the difference Difference between series and parallel Using charts, discuss the Trainees to prepare
between series and connections. difference between series and charts on series and
parallel connections. In a series circuit, the current through each parallel connections parallel connections
of the components is the same, and the and discuss in class.
voltage across the circuit is the sum of the
voltages across each component.
Parallel: The voltage across each of the

components is the same, and the total
current is the sum of the currents through
each component.
4.1.7 State the difference Differences:

between AC and DC. Direct current (DC), the electric charge Using sketches/charts/models, Prepare charts on AC
(current) only flows in one direction. discuss the difference between and DC
Alternating current (AC), the current AC and DC
changes direction periodically. The voltage
in AC circuits also periodically reverses
because the current changes direction.
4.1.8 Identify the colour Colour coding of cables Using real object/charts, show Trainees to prepare
coding of cables. LIVE colour coding of cables charts on colour coding
 Red of cables and discuss
 Brown in class.
NEUTRAL
 Blue
 Black
EARTH
 Green/Yellow
39
 Bare

ACTIVITIES
The trainee will be able to
4.2.1 Prevent electrical Procedure for preventing electrical Demonstrate the procedure for Trainees to practice the
UNIT 2 shocks. shocks: preventing electrical shocks. You procedure for
COMPUTER SYSTEMS. Turn the power source off - Whenever a send trainees to a recognized preventing electrical
project involves exposure to electrical industry or may invite an expert shock.
equipment or electricity, check and to assist Trainees to write
double-check that the power is off before reports in groups and
beginning your work. discuss in class after
Wear protective gear - Rubber soled visit
shoes and non-conductive gloves provide a
barrier.
Exercise caution when operating power
tools - Make sure that all of your tools
have a three-pronged plug, and inspect all
equipment for signs of damage.
Double up - It is always wise to have a
second person around to assist you when
working with electricity.
Call a professional for big jobs -
Working with electricity is inherently
dangerous and complicated.
4.2.2 Explain static electricity. Static electricity: Group trainees to discuss static Trainees to find out
Static Electricity is the accumulation of electricity more about static
electrical charges in an object. Whenever electricity and discuss
the casing of a computer is opened and its in class
internal workings are exposed to change a
hard drive or add memory chips for
example there is a danger of damaging the
computer with the buildup of static
electricity that is held by the human body.
40
ACTIVITIES
4.2.3 State the damages static Damages static electricity can cause:
UNIT 2 electricity can cause. Can cause considerable damage to the hard Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
COMPUTER SYSTEMS. drive if it is zapped with even a small damages static electricity can more about damages
amount. cause with trainees static electricity can
It is very possible for you to be damaging cause and discuss in
your sensitive electronic components class
inside your case from Electrostatic
Discharge without knowing it.
4.2.4 Describe static control Static control methods: Trainees to practice

methods. It is essential to handle ESDS devices at Demonstrate the static control static control methods
static-safe workstations. This will prevent method with trainees
yield loss (through catastrophic damage)
or, worse, potential reliability failures in
the field (through latent damage).
Where it is impractical or impossible to
use anti-static wrist-straps or remove items
that are composed of insulate materials at a
static-safe workstation, use an air ionizer
designed to neutralize electrostatic charges
or apply topical antistats to control
generation and accumulation of static
charges.
When an air ionizer is utilized, it is vital
that maintenance procedures and schedules
are adhered to in order to ensure that ions
generated by the ionizer are sufficiently
balanced.
Avoid bringing sources of static electricity
within 1 meter of a static-safe work bench.
Where it is necessary to use air-guns, use
special models that do not generate static
charges in the air stream
41
ACTIVITIES
4.2.5 Explain the need for Need for using the static shield bags: Discuss the reasons for using the Trainees to state two
UNIT 2 using the static shield To create the anti-static effect, the static shield bags reasons for using the
COMPUTER SYSTEMS. bags. black bags or silver bags are slightly static shield bags
conductive; forming what is known as
a Faraday Cage around the item to be
protected avoiding any discharges
from being deposited onto the
protected devices as the bags are
handled.
4.2.6 Explain EMI EMI:

Electrical 'noise' caused by electric motors, Using charts, discuss EMI with Trainees to find out
machines, generators, and other equipment trainees more about EMI and
that interferes with the integrity of data discuss in class
being processed in nearby computers or
passing through transmission lines.
4.2.7 Explain Surge Surge Protection and Battery backup:

Protection and Battery Surge protection is the process of Discuss surge protection and Prepare notes on surge
backup protecting electrical devices from voltage battery backup with trainees protection and battery
spikes. A surge protector attempts to limit backup and discuss in
the voltage supplied to an electric device class
by either blocking or by shorting to ground
any unwanted voltages above a safe
threshold.
Battery backups will hold up quite a bit
longer but will also fail or drain the battery
after so many power hits. Again, that is
exactly what these devices are designed to
do so don’t get upset when they seem to
stop working.
42
ACTIVITIES
4.2.8 Explain surge Surge Suppressors: Using real object/chart, discuss Trainees to find out
UNIT 2 suppressors A surge suppressor is a device inserted in surge suppressors with trainees more about surge
COMPUTER SYSTEMS. the alternating current (AC) utility line suppressors and discuss
and/or telephone line to prevent damage to in class
electronic equipment from voltage "spikes"
4.2.9 Explain the functions of Function of UPS:

UPS. Uninterruptible power supply is a device Discuss the functions of UPS Trainees to state two
that typically uses a battery backup as an with trainees (2) functions of UPS
alternative power ration, to provide
uninterrupted power supply for electronic
devices attached.
4.2.10 Explain the functions Functions of Intelligent UPS: Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to state two
of Intelligent UPS. An intelligent UPS is integrated with functions of intelligent UPS (2) functions of
terminal concentrator functionality; it can intelligent UPS
provide pass-through serial connection
between the management computer and the
server running Windows Server 2003. In
this case, the port on the management
computer has a serial connection to an
external serial port on the UPS which in
turn has a serial connection to the server.
4.2.11 Describe factors to Factors to consider when buying a UPS. Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to state (5)
consider when buying Equipment - Determine what equipment factors to consider when buying a factors to consider
a UPS. you will need to connect to the UPS. UPS when buying a UPS
Power - With the number of equipment

you know you need to be plug into the
UPS, you’ll also know how much power
you’ll need.
43
ACTIVITIES
Backup Runtime - You also need to

UNIT 2 identify how much backup runtime you
COMPUTER SYSTEMS. will need for your UPS.
Types of UPS - There are three types of

UPS you can choose. Each offers different
features that are best for different types of
equipment.
Where to Install - It is also important to

identify where you will have your UPS
installed. There are two kinds of UPS: the
tower UPS, which is usually used for
desktop computers and the rack-mount,
UPS, used for servers and networks. In
knowing where the UPS will be placed,
you’ll know which kind to get.
Warranty - Be sure to carefully check

these. Some companies offer up to three
years warranty plus preventive
maintenance and onsite repairs.

COMPUTER CASE AND
FACTORS. 4.3.1 Explain form factor. Form Factor: Group trainees to discuss form Trainees to find out
In computers, the form factor is the size, factor. Use models/chart to more about form
configuration, or physical arrangement of a facilitate understanding factors
computing device. The term is commonly
used in describing the size and/or
arrangement of a device, a computer case
or chassis or one of its internal components
such as a motherboard or a daughterboard.
44
ACTIVITIES

COMPUTER CASE
AND FORM FACTORS. 4.3.2 Identify form factors Form factors of Computer case Using real object, show different Trainees to prepare
of computer cases AT types of form factors of computer charts on form factors
Baby AT cases and discuss with trainees
ATX…
Mini ATX…
4.3.3 Explain the form factor of Form Factor of a motherboard Using charts/real objects/models, Trainees to find out
motherboard. The form factor determines the general discuss form factor of more aboutform
layout, size, and feature placement on a motherboard with trainees. factors
motherboard. Different form factors
usually require different style cases.
Differences between form factors can
include; physical size and shape, mounting
hole location, feature placement, power
supply connectors, and others.

UNIT 4
DETECT AND 4.4.1 Identify types of Types of measuring instruments for Using real object/charts show Trainees to select the
CORRECT POWER measuring instruments for measuring voltage, current and types of measuring instrument to right measuring
SUPPLY PROBLEMS measuring units. continuity: trainees. instruments for
Voltage: Voltmeter measuring electric
Current: Ammeter units
Continuity Multimeter
4.4.2 Measure voltage, current Measuring for voltage, current and Demonstrate how to measure Trainees to practice
and continuity using a continuity voltage, current and continuity how to measure for
multimeter. with trainees voltage, current and
continuity
45
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 4
DETECT AND 4.4.3 Explain troubleshooting. Troubleshooting: Group trainees to discuss Trainees to find out
CORRECT POWER Troubleshooting is a systematic approach troubleshooting more about
SUPPLY PROBLEMS to problem solving that is often used to Troubleshooting and
find and correct issues with complex discuss in class
machines, electronics, computers and
software systems.
4.4.4 Apply the general General procedures for Troubleshooting Demonstrate the procedures for Trainees to list and
procedures for  Prepare troubleshooting. Invite an expert explain five (5)
troubleshooting  Make damage control plan to assist if possible procedures for
 Get a complete and accurate symptom troubleshooting
description
 Reproduce the symptom
 Do the appropriate corrective
maintenance
 Narrow it down to the root cause
 Repair or replace the defective
component
 Test
 Take pride in your solution
 Prevent future occurrence of this
problem
4.4.5 Identify common faults in Common faults in a power supply: Using charts/real objects/models, Trainees to list and
a power supply. Power Surges – This is when the voltage show trainees common faults in a explain six (6)
is 110% or more above normal. power supply common faults in a
power supply
High-Voltage Spikes - It occurs when
there is a sudden voltage peak of up to
6,000 volts.
Transients – These are potentially the

most damaging type of power quality
disturbance that you may encounter.
46
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 4: Frequency Variation - This involves a
DETECT AND change in frequency from the normally
CORRECT POWER stable utility frequency of 50 or 60 Hz,
SUPPLY PROBLEMS depending on your geographic location.
Power Sag - Sag is the reduction of AC

Voltage at a given frequency for the
duration of 0.5 cycles to 1 minute’s time.
Electrical Line Noise - This is defined as

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) and
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and
causes unwanted effects in the circuits of
computer systems.
Brownouts - Is a steady lower voltage

state.
Blackouts - Is a zero-voltage condition

that lasts for more than two cycles. It may
be caused by tripping a circuit breaker,
power distribution failure or utility power
failure.
4.4.6 Apply the procedures for Procedures for troubleshooting a Group trainees and assist them to Trainees to explain
troubleshooting a computer power supply: demonstrate how to troubleshoot a five (5) procedures for
computer power supply.  Check the output through software. computer power supply troubleshooting a
 Shut down the computer. computer power
 Test the power supply with a power supply
supply testing unit.
 Test the power supply with a
multimeter.
 Reassemble your computer.
47
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 4:
DETECT AND 4.4.7 Apply the procedure for Procedure for troubleshooting power Group trainees and assist them to Trainees to practice
CORRECT POWER troubleshooting power supply fan demonstrate how to troubleshoot the procedure for
SUPPLY PROBLEMS supply fan. Check the output through software - If power supply fan troubleshooting power
your computer is functional and you can supply fan
load your operating system, try using
software to check your power supply’s
output.
Shut down the computer - Unplug the

power supply from the outlet. Turn off the
power switch on the back of the power
supply.
Test the power supply with a power

supply testing unit - These are available
online and from computer stores, and are
not very expensive.
Test the power supply with a multimeter

- Straighten a paperclip and then bend it
into a “U” shape.
Reassemble your computer - Once

you’ve tested and verified all of the power
connectors, you can reassemble your
computer.
48
SECTION 5: Principles of Common Electronic Components.
1. Understand the basic principles of common electronic components.
2. Recognize hand tools and soldering equipment.
3. Know soldering techniques
4. Know how to draw electronic and logic circuits using the circuit maker program.
5. Know how to convert the strip-board PCB layout to a circuit diagram.
TEACHING AND
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
5.1.1 Explain resistors as an Resistors

electronic component. A resistor is a passive two-terminal
UNIT 1 Group trainees to discuss resisters Trainees to find out
electrical component that implements
ELECTRONIC more about resistors
electrical resistance as a circuit element.
COMPONENTS and discuss in class
Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at
the same time, act to lower voltage levels
within circuits
5.1.2 Identify different types of Types of resistors:

 Precision Resistor - Power wire wound Using real object/models show Trainees to prepare
resistors. types of resistors to trainees charts on types of
resistors are resistors that can handle a
large amount of power, usually up to 50 resistors
watts.
 Fusible Resistor - is a wire-wound
resistor that is designed to burn open
easily when the power rating of the
resistor is exceeded.
 Cement Resistor - Cement resistors are
power resistors that are heat and flame
resistant.
 Potentiometers - A potentiometer is a
3-terminal variable resistor. By
adjusting the wiper terminal, it can be
used to represent a wide range of
resistances in a circuit from anywhere
near 0Ω to the specified resistance
rating of the potentiometer.
49
ACTIVITIES
 Thermistors - Is a thermally sensitive

UNIT 1 resistor whose resistance value changes
ELECTRONIC with changes in operating temperature.
COMPONENTS
5.1.3 Identify resistors by their Colour code Using real object/models show Trainees to prepare
colours.  BLACK 0 colours of resistors to trainees charts on colour
 BROWN 1 coding for resistors
 RED 2
 ORANGE 3
 YELLOW 4
 GREEN 5
 BLUE 6
 VIOLET 7
 GREY 8
 WHITE 9
5.1.4 State the functions of Functions of resistors Discuss functions of resistors with Trainees to find out
resistors An important function is when a resistor is trainees more about the
used as a heating element as in the case of functions of resistors
irons, toasters, heaters, electric stoves and
hair dryers. Resistors also produce light as
filaments in light bulbs. Variable ones may
function as sensors, switches or voltage
dividers.
5.1.5 Calculate values of Calculation of values of resistors Assist trainees to calculate values Trainees to calculate
resistors. Example: of resistors resistors when given
If first color is RED, second is RED, third the values of the
is BLACK and the last is SILVER colours
it means:
RED - 2
RED - 2
YELLOW - x10000
SILVER - 10%
50
ACTIVITIES

so
220000 +/- 10% * 2 2 0000
UNIT 1 So
ELECTRONIC D=220000 +/- 22000
COMPONENTS This is 220 000 Ohm or 220 kOhm
or 220 000 - 22 000 Ohm or 220 - 22
kOhm
or 220 000 + 22 000 Ohm or 220 + 22
kOhm
5.1.6 Explain the inductor as an Inductor

electronic component. An inductor is a passive two-terminal Using real object/models discuss Trainees to find out
electrical component which resists changes inductor as an electronic more about inductors
in electric current passing through it. It component and discuss in class
consists of a conductor such as a wire,
usually wound into a coil. Energy is stored
in a magnetic field in the coil as long as
current flows.
5.1.7 Identify types of inductors Types of inductor

in operation. Coupled Inductor - Coupled inductors are Using real object/models show Trainees to prepare
types of inductors that share a magnetic types of inductors to trainees charts on types of
path and influence each other. inductor and discuss
Multi-layer Inductor - Multi-layer in class
inductors get their name from the layers of
coiled wire that is wound around a central
core.
Molded Inductor - Inductors that are
molded in to a plastic or ceramic housing
are known as molded inductors.
Power Inductor – They are available in a
wide variety of form factors and power
levels from surface mounts inductors that
can handle a few amps to through-hole and
chassis mount power inductors that can
handle tens to hundreds of amps.
51
ACTIVITIES

RF Inductors - High frequency types of
inductors, also called radio frequency of
UNIT 1 RF inductors, are designed to operate at
ELECTRONIC high frequencies.
COMPONENTS Chokes - Is an inductor that is designed to
block high frequency pulses while letting
lower frequency pulse through.
Surface Mount Inductors - Surface
mount inductors are often used in DC-DC
converters, EMI filtering, energy storage,
and other applications.
5.1.8 Explain Capacitor as an Capacitor Using real object/models discuss Trainees to find out
electronic component. Capacitor is an electronic component that capacitor as an electronic more about capacitors
stores electric charge. The capacitor is component and discuss in class in
made of 2 close conductors (usually plates) groups
that are separated by a dielectric material.
5.1.9 Identify types of Types of capacitor Using real object/models show Trainees to prepare
capacitor Variable capacitor - has changeable types of capacitors to trainees charts on types of
capacitance. capacitors and discuss
Electrolytic capacitor - Are used when in class in groups
high capacitance is needed. Most of the
electrolytic capacitors are polarized.
Spherical capacitor - has a sphere shape.
Power capacitor - are used in high voltage
power systems.
Ceramic capacitor - has ceramic
dielectric material. Has high voltage
functionality.
Tantalum capacitor - Tantalum oxide
dielectric material. Has high capacitance.
Mica capacitor - High accuracy
capacitors.
52
ACTIVITIES
5.1.10 Describe the uses of Uses of capacitors: Group trainees to discuss the uses Trainees to state two
UNIT 1 capacitors  Timing - Capacitors can be used in a of capacitors uses of a capacitor
ELECTRONIC time-dependant circuit because their
COMPONENTS charging and discharging takes place at
regular intervals.
 Smoothing - A capacitor can convert
AC to DC by “smoothing” the current.
Imagine AC current as a single line
constantly snaking up and down.
 Coupling – This is used in the case of a
loudspeaker. Speakers work by
converting an alternating current into
sound
 Tuning - Variable capacitors are used
in tuning circuits on radio systems by
connecting them to an LC oscillator
 Storing Energy - In some cases, like
the flash circuit of a camera, you need a
buildup of energy and then a sudden
release.

UNIT 2
EQUIPMENT AND 5.2.1 Describe the uses of Types of soldering hand tools:
TECHNIQUES FOR soldering hand tools. Screwdrivers - are hand tools specifically Using real tools, show hand tools to Trainees to one use
SOLDERING. designed to insert and tighten, or to loosen trainees each of the soldering
and remove screws. hand tools.
Combination Pliers - combination pliers
are a type of pliers used by electricians and
other tradesmen primarily for gripping,
twisting, bending and cutting wire and
cable.
Soldering Iron - is a device for applying
heat to melt solder in attaching two metal
53
parts.

ACTIVITIES

UNIT 2
EQUIPMENT AND Soldering Tool Stand - is a place where
TECHNIQUES FOR the soldering iron is placed during usage.
SOLDERING. This will keep the soldering iron away
from flammable materials.
Portable Electric Drill - is used for boring
hole(s) in plastic or metal chassis with the
use of drill bits having sizes from 1/6” to
approximately 1/4”.
5.2.2 State the importance Importance of soldering tools: Group trainees to discuss the Trainees find out more
of soldering tools. These days we need hand tools each and importance of soldering tools about the importance
every day for majority of our tasks, be it of soldering tools
for cutting those milk sachet, or screwing
those nuts tightly in the wall.
5.2.4 Operate soldering Operations of soldering tools and Demonstrate how to use the Trainees practice how
tools/equipment equipment soldering equipment to operate the soldering
Soldering Iron - Is a device for applying equipment
heat to melt solder in attaching two metal
parts
Soldering Tool Stand - Is a place where
the soldering iron is placed during usage.
Desoldering Tool - Is used in removing
soldered wires and components on printed
circuit boards for troubleshooting and
repair purposes.
54
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 2
EQUIPMENT AND Long Nose - Is used for holding, bending,
TECHNIQUES FOR and stretching the lead of electronic
SOLDERING. component or connecting wires.
Side Cutter - Is a wire-cutting plier,
though they are not used to grab or turn
anything, but are used to cut wires.
Wire Stripper - Is a pair of opposing
blades much like scissors or wire cutters.
The addition of a center notch makes it
easier to cut the insulation without cutting
the wire.
5.2.5 Apply soldering Performing soldering operation on a Group trainees and assist them to Trainees to practice the
operations on a strip board strip board: demonstrate soldering operations on operations in groups.
 Prepare the Surface. a strip board.
 Placement the Component at a correct
position.
 Apply Heat.
 Apply Solder To The Joint.
 Inspect The Joint and Cleanup.
5.2.6 Apply soldering Performing soldering operation on a Group trainees and assist them to Trainees practice the
operations on a surface surface mount: demonstrate soldering operations on operations in groups.
mount  Warm Up the Iron. a surface mount
 Prepare a Little Space.
 Thoroughly Coat The Tip In Solder.
 Clean The Soldering Tip.
 You're done.
55
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3 5.3.1 Define conductors, Conductors: In physics and electrical Group trainees to discuss Explain conductors,
PRINCIPLES OF insulators and semi- engineering, a conductor is an object or conductors, insulators and semi- insulators and semi-
SEMICONDUCTOR conductors. type of material that allow the flow of conductors. Use real materials to conductors.
DEVICES. electrical current in one or more directions. facilitate understanding.
A metal wire is a common electrical
conductor. In metals such as copper or
aluminum, the mobile charged particles are
electrons
Insulator: a material of such low
conductivity that the flow of current
through it is negligible.
Semiconductors: a solid substance that has
a conductivity between that of an insulator
and that of most metals, either due to the
addition of an impurity or because of
temperature effects. Devices made of
semiconductors, notably silicon, are
essential components of most electronic
circuits
5.3.2 State the properties of Properties of diodes

diode as an electronic A diode is an electronics component made Group trainees to discuss the Prepare charts on
component. from a combination of a P-type and N-type properties of diodes properties of diode.
semiconductor material, known as a p-n
junction, with leads attached to the two
ends. These leads allow you to easily
incorporate the diode into your electronic
circuits.
Symbol of a Diode
56
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3
PRINCIPLES OF 5.3.3 Identify types of diode Types of Diode Using real components show Trainees to prepare
SEMICONDUCTOR  Rectifier Diode types of diodes to trainees charts on types of
DEVICES.  Light Emitting Diode (LED) diode
 Laser Diode
 Zener diode
 Photodiode
 Avalanche Diode
 Vacuum Diode
5.3.4 Explain the uses of diodes Using real objects, discuss uses of Trainees to write
Rectifier Diode: These diodes are used to
diodes with trainees. report and discuss in
rectify alternating power inputs in power
class after visit
supplies. They can rectify current levels
Take trainees to the industry when
that range from an amp upwards
necessary.
Light Emitting Diode (LED): It is one of
the most popular type of diodes and when
this diode permits the transfer of electric
current between the electrodes, light is
produced. In most of the diodes, the light
(infrared) cannot be seen as they are at
frequencies that do not permit visibility
Laser Diode: This type of diode is different

from the LED type, as it produces coherent
light. These diodes find their application in
DVD and CD drives, laser pointers, etc.
Zener Diode: This type of diode provides a

stable reference voltage, thus is a very
useful type and is used in vast quantities. In
power supplies, these diodes are widely
used to provide a reference voltage
57
ACTIVITIES

Photodiode: Photodiodes are used to detect
UNIT 3 light and feature wide, transparent
PRINCIPLES OF junctions. Photodiodes can also be used to
SEMICONDUCTOR generate electricity, used as solar cells and
DEVICES. even in photometry.
Avalanche Diode: This type of diode

operates in the reverse bias, and used
avalanche effect for its operation.
Generally, the avalanche diode is used for
photo-detection, wherein high levels of
sensitivity can be obtained by the avalanche
process.
Vacuum diodes: This diode is two

electrode vacuum tube which can tolerate
high inverse voltages.
5.3.5 State the properties of a Properties of Zener Diode Using real components, discuss Trainees to find out
Zener diode as an Voltage Vz, Current, Zener resistance Rz, the properties of Zener diode with more about Zener
electronic component, and Power rating, Voltage tolerance, emperature trainees diode and discuss in
its functionality. stability, function temperature, and class in groups
Package.
Functionality of Zener Diode

Voltage Vz: The Zener voltage or reverse
voltage specification of the diode is often
designated by the letters Vz.
Current: The current, IZM, of a Zener

diode is the maximum current that can flow
through a Zener diode at its rated voltage,
VZ.
Zener resistance Rz: The IV characteristic
58
of the Zener diode is not completely

ACTIVITIES

Power rating: All Zener diodes have a
UNIT 3 power rating that should not be exceeded.
PRINCIPLES OF This defines the maximum power that can
SEMICONDUCTOR be dissipated by the package, and it is the
DEVICES. product of the voltage across the diode
multiplied by the current flowing through it.
5.3.6 Explain the common Application of Zener Diodes

applications of a zener Zener diodes can be found in several Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
diode in an electronic applications. Some of these are: voltage common applications of a zener more about
circuit. stabilizers or regulators (in shunt mode), diode in an electronic circuit. applications of zener
surge suppressors for device protection, diode in an electronic
peak clippers, switching operations, circuit.
reference elements and in meter protection
applications.
Symbol of Zener Diode:
5.3.7 Define Bi-Polar Junction Bi-Polar Junction Transistor

Transistor as an electronic A Bipolar Junction Transistor (a.k.a. a BJT
component or Bipolar Transistor) is an active Group trainees to discuss bi-polar Trainees to find out
semiconductor device formed by two P-N junction transistor more about bi-polar
junctions whose function is amplification of junction transistor and
an electric current. discuss in class
59
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3 5.3.8 Explain the Characteristics of Bipolar Junction Using real components/model, Trainees to prepare
PRINCIPLES OF characteristics of Bi- Transistors group trainees to discuss charts on
OPERATIONS OF Polar Junction Transistor i) Common Base (CB) Characteristics characteristics of bi-polar junction characteristics of bi-
SEMICONDUCTOR ii) Common Emitter (CE) Characteristics transistors polar junction
DEVICES. iii) Common Collector (CC) Characteristics transistors
5.3.9 Explain the application Application of BJT

of Bi-Polar Junction BJT's are used in discrete circuit designed Group trainees to discuss the Find out more about
Transistor (BJT) due to availability of many types, and application of bi-polar junction the application of bi-
obviously because of its high transistors polar junction
transconductane and output resistance transistors
which is better than MOSFET. BJT's are
suitable for high frequency application also.
That’s why they are used in radio frequency
for wireless systems. Another application of
BJT can be stated as small signal amplifier,
metal proximity photocell, etc.
5.3.10 Identify types of Bipolar Types of Bipolar Junction Transistor Using real components, show Trainees to prepare
Junction Transistor Amplifiers types of bi-polar junction charts on types of bi-
Amplifiers  Common-emitter Amplifier transistor amplifiers to trainees polar junction
 Common-collector Amplifier transistor amplifiers
 Common-base Amplifier
5.3.11 Define Integrated Circuit Integrated Circuit Group trainees to discuss Trainees find out
(IC) as an electronic An integrated circuit is a semiconductor integrated circuit as an electronic more about integrated
60
component. wafer on which thousands or millions of component circuit and discuss in
tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors are class
fabricated.
5.3.12 Explain the functions of Functions of an IC Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
an Integrated Circuit (IC) An IC can function as an amplifier, functions of an integrated circuit more about functions
oscillator, timer, counter, computer of an integrated
memory, or microprocessor. circuit

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3
PRINCIPLES OF 5.3.13 Identify the categories of Categories of an IC Using real components, show Trainees to prepare
SEMICONDUCTOR an IC A particular IC is categorized as either categories of an IC charts on categories
DEVICES. linear (analog) or digital, depending on its of an IC
intended application.
5.3.14 Explain the categories of Linear (Analog) ICs have continuously Group trainees to discuss the Trainees find out
an IC variable output (theoretically capable of categories of an IC more about the
attaining an infinite number of states) that categories of an IC
depends on the input signal level. As the and then discuss in
term implies, the output signal level is a class in groups
linear function of the input signal level.
Linear ICs are used as audio-frequency
(AF) and radio-frequency (RF) amplifiers.
The operational amplifier (op amp) is a
common device in these applications.
Digital ICs operate at only a few defined

levels or states, rather than over a
continuous range of signal amplitudes.
These devices are used in computers,
computer networks, modems, and
frequency counters. The fundamental
building blocks of digital ICs are logic
gates, which work with binary data, that is,
signals that have only two different states,
61
called low (logic 0) and high (logic 1).

ACTIVITIES

USING THE CIRCUIT
MAKER PROGRAM. 5.4.1 Explain the Circuit maker Circuit maker program rules. Group trainees to discuss the rules Trainees find out about
program rules. New Rule - use this command to create a governing the use of circuit maker circuit maker rules and
new rule of the currently selected rule type. discuss in class
Duplicate Rule - use this command to
quickly create an identical copy of the
currently selected existing rule.
Delete Rule - use this command to delete
the specific rule that is currently selected in
the folder-tree.
Report - use this command to generate a
report of currently defined design rules.
Export Rules - use this command to export
your favorite rule definitions to file.
Import Rules - use this command to import
rule definitions from a previously save PCB
Rule file.
5.4.2 Use the circuit maker Using the command: Illustrate how to use the circuit Trainees practice how
commands in drawing. Keystroke What It Does maker commands in drawing to use circuit maker
Ctrl+N Starts a new file. commands in drawing
Ctrl+O Lets you choose a file to open.
Ctrl+S Saves the current file.
Ctrl+P Prints/plots the current file.
Shift+Space Opens the Script
Functions dialog box.
Ctrl+Z Undo (reverse) an action.
Ctrl+X Cuts the currently selected item or
62
group of items to the Clipboard.
Ctrl+C Copies the currently selected item
or group of items to the Clipboard.
Ctrl+V Pastes the currently selected item
or group of items from the Clipboard.
Shift+Insert Moves the currently
selected group of items.
Ctrl+D Duplicates the currently selected
item or group of items.

ACTIVITIES
Transistorized Circuit
Trainees practice how

The trainee will be able to: Assist trainees to draw schematic to draw schematic
transistorized circuit diagrams transistorized
5.4.3 Draw schematic diagrams.
transistorized circuit
diagrams.
UNIT 4
USING THE CIRCUIT
Electronic transistorized circuits
MAKER PROGRAM.
Assist trainees to draw electronic
to draw electronic
transistorized circuits
transistorized circuits.
5.4.4 Draw electronic
Electronic IC circuits Assist trainees to draw electronic Trainees practice how

5.4.5 Draw electronic IC
IC circuits to draw electronic IC
circuits. circuits.
63
ACTIVITIES
Logic gates:
Assist trainees to draw logic gates
to draw logic gates
5.5.1 Draw Logic gates circuits. and FF circuits
circuits.
UNIT 5
DRAWING THE
LOGIC CIRCUIT.
Logic gate and FF
UNIT 6 Strip-board layout of transistorized

Trainees how to draw
CONVERTING THE The trainees will be able to: circuits
Assist trainees to draw a circuit a circuit diagram from
STRIP-BOARD
diagram from strip-board layout strip-board layout of
LAYOUT. 6.5.1 Draw circuit diagram from
of transistorized circuits transistorized circuits.
strip-board layout of
The trainees will be able to: Strip-board layout of IC circuits
64
Assist trainees to circuit diagram Trainees practice the
6.5.2 Draw circuit diagram from from strip-board layout of IC drawings
strip-board layout of IC circuits
circuits.

ACTIVITIES
The trainees will be able to: PCB layout of transistorized circuits Assist trainees to circuit diagram Trainees practice the
from the PCB layout of drawings
UNIT 7 7.5.1 Draw circuit diagram transistorized
CONVERSION OF PCB from the PCB layout of
LAYOUT. transistorized circuits.
65
YEAR TWO
Section 1: Electronics II
1. Know the relationship between current and voltage in simple resistive DC networks.
2. Understand the Design and construct of simple electronic circuit.

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1: The trainee will able to:

BASIC ELECTRONICS 1.1.1. Explain the relationship Relationship among Voltage Current and Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
among voltage, current Resistance: relationship among voltage, current more about the
and resistance Voltage is directly proportional to current and resistance. relationship among
and inversely proportional to resistance. voltage, current and
resistance.
1.1.2. Calculate current, voltage Ohm’s Law: Assist trainees to calculate voltage, Trainees to perform
and resistance in a simple V∝I current and resistance. more calculations on
D.C. circuit using ohm’s V ∝1/R voltage, current and
law V= I*R resistance.
1.1.3. Explain the concept of Series Circuit: Current is the same or Group trainees to discuss series and
Series and Parallel Circuits constant in a circuit parallel circuits. Use charts to Trainees to prepare
Parallel Circuit: Voltage is the same but facilitate understanding. charts on series and
current differs. parallel circuits.
Series/Parallel Circuit: Combines the Trainees to find out

1.1.4. Identify Series/parallel characteristics of both series and parallel Using charts, show series/parallel more about
circuits. circuits. circuits to trainees series/parallel
circuits.
66
The trainee will able to:
UNIT 2:
DESIGNING AND 1.2.1. Define transducers as an Transducer Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees find out
CONSTRUCTION OF electronic component. A transducer is an electronic device that come up with the meaning of more about
SIMPLE converts energy (physical quantities) from transducer as an electronic transducers
ELECTRONIC one form to another (electrical signal). component.
CIRCUITS. Common examples include microphones,
loudspeakers, thermometers, position and
pressure sensors and antenna.

ACTIVITIES

SIMPLE
ELECTRONIC 1.2.2. Define transducers as an Transducers Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees to find out
CIRCUITS. electronic component. A transducer is an electronic device that come up with the meaning of more about
converts energy (physical quantities) from transducer as an electronic transducers
one form to another (electrical signal). component.
Common examples include microphones,
loudspeakers, thermometers, position and
pressure sensors and antenna.
1.2.3. State the properties of Properties of transducers Using charts/pictures, discuss the Trainees to prepare
transducers Static - Accuracy, Resolution, properties of transducers charts on the
Repeatability, Linearity. properties of
Dynamic - Rise time, Dead time (Time transducers
Delay), Time Constant, settling time, Cut
off frequency etc.
1.2.4. Explain the functions of Functions of transducers Employed at the Discuss the functions of Trainees to prepare
transducer. boundaries of automation, measurement, transducers with trainees notes on transducers
and control systems, where electrical Using charts, discuss the behavior Trainees to find out
signals are converted to and from other of voltage divider circuit with the more about the
physical quantities (energy, force, torque, trainees behaviour of voltage
light, motion, position, etc.). divider circuit.
1.2.5 Describe the behaviour of Behaviour of Voltage Divider Circuit: Using charts, discuss the behaviour Trainees to find out
voltage divider circuit. A simple circuit which turns a large voltage of semiconductor diodes and more about the
into a smaller one. Using just two series transistor diodes. behaviour of
67
resistors and an input voltage, the circuit semiconductor
can create an output voltage that is a diodes and transistor
fraction of the input. diode in a circuit
1.2.6 Describe the behaviour of Behaviours: Discuss transistor gain equation in Trainees to find out
semiconductor diodes and Semiconductor diodes: Zero Bias, Reverse electronic circuit more about current
transistors in a circuit. Bias and Forward Bias gain equation in
electronic circuits

ACTIVITIES

SIMPLE
ELECTRONIC 1.2.8 Demonstrate the Application of Transistors: Discuss the application of Trainees to find out
CIRCUITS. applications of transistors Transistor conducts current across the transistors as a switch with more about the
as a switch collector-emitter path only when a voltage trainees applications of
is applied to the base. When no base voltage transistors as a switch
is present, the switch is off. When base in a circuit.
voltage is present, the switch is on.
1.2.9 Explain the principles Principles of Transistors: Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
governing transistor principles governing transistor more about the
control circuits. control circuits principles governing
transistor control
circuits.
1.2.10 Select a suitable Suitability of Transistor in a Circuit Assist trainees to select suitable Trainees to
transistor to design a transistors to design a circuit. demonstrate how to
circuit. select transistors for
design work.
1.2.11 Test specified Control Testing Control System: Demonstrate how to test specified Trainees to practice
System control system how to test specified
control system.
1.2.12 Build a circuit on a Steps/Procedure: Demonstrate how to build a Trainees topractice

simulator circuit on the simulator how to build a circuit
on the simulator.
68
1.2.13 Build a circuit and Steps/Procedure: Demonstrate how to build a Trainees to practice
compare the results circuit a circuit and compare the how to build a circuit
with the practical circuit with the practical result. and compare the
results. results with the
practical result.
Section 2: Digital Design

1. Know different types of number systems.
2. Understand arithmetic operations in different bases.
3. Understand Boolean algebra
4. Understand basic logic gates.

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1
NUMBER SYSTEMS The trainee will able to:
2.1.1. Explain number systems Number Systems: Using charts discuss the number Trainees to find out
Number systems are the standard ways of systems with trainees more about number
organizing and representing numbers. The systems.
most popular number system is the base-10
number system, which is also called
decimal. Other common number systems
include base-16 (hexadecimal), base-8
(octal), and base-2 (binary).
2.1.2. Identify the Decimal Number Symbols: Using charts, show the decimal Trainees to perform
Numbers used in number Binary: {0 and 1} numbers used in number bases more activities on
bases Octal:{ 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7} number bases.
Decimal: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9}
Hexadecimal: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A,
B, C, D and E}
Trainees to perform
2.1.3. Explain decimal Positive Decimal Numbers: Using charts, discuss decimal more activities on
and negative numbers Positive and Negative numbers positive and negative numbers with positive and
trainees. negative numbers
69
2.1.4. Illustrate how number Construction of Number Systems: Trainees to practice
system is constructed Demonstrate how to construct how to construct the
using different symbols. number systems using different number systems
symbols with trainees. using different
symbols.
2.1.5. Identify number bases Number Base System:
used in construction of Binary, Hexal, Octal, Decimal, Using charts, show trainees the Trainees to prepare
number systems. Hexadecimal Bases different base used in the charts on different
construction of number system. base systems.

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1
NUMBER SYSTEMS The trainee will able to:
2.1.6. Convert numbers between Converting Numbers in Different Demonstrate how to convert Trainees to practice
different number systems. number systems numbers between different number converting numbers
Binary => Decimal; Octal => Decimal; systems with students to between different
Decimal => Binary; Hexadecimal => number systems.
Binary
Decimal => Octal; Binary => Octal
Octal => Binary=> Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal =>Decimal
UNIT 2
ARITHMETIC The trainee will able to:
OPERATIONS
2.2.1 Explain how signed Numbers in Different bases: Using chart, show how signed Trainees to find out
numbers are presented in numbers are presented in different more about how
different bases. bases. signed numbers are
presented in different
bases.
2.2.2 Perform Simple arithmetic Arithmetic Operations Guide trainees to work simple Trainees to perform
operations on numbers in Addition and Subtraction arithmetic operations on numbers in simple arithmetic
different bases. Multiplication and Division different bases operations on
numbers in different
bases.
70
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
2.3.1. Define Boolean algebra Boolean Algebra: Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees to find out
A branch of algebra in which the values of come out with the meaning of more on Boolean
the variables are the truth values TRUE Boolean algebra algebra
and FALSE, usually denoted 1 and 0
respectively.
Using charts, discuss Boolean Trainees to prepare
2.3.2. Explain Boolean Boolean Variables: True and False variables with trainees charts on Boolean
Variables Boolean Operators: AND (^), OR (V), variables
NOT (¬)

ACTIVITIES
71
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
2.3.3. Explain Boolean Boolean Functions: Using charts, discuss Boolean Trainees to find out
Functions A Boolean Function is described by an functions with trainees more about the of
algebraic expression called Boolean Boolean functions
expression which consists of binary
variables, the constants 0 and 1, and the
logic operation symbols.
2.3.4. Explain Boolean laws

theorems. Boolean Laws and Theorems: Group trainees to discuss the Trainees in groups to
 Commutative, Associative, Boolean Laws and Theorems find out more about
Distributive, Identity, Negation, the laws and
Redundance, etc theorems guiding
 DeMorgan’s Theorems Boolean operations
and discuss in class
2.3.5. Identify types of logic Types of Logic Gates and their truth
gates and their truth table table Using charts, show types of logic Trainees to state
gates to trainees and their truth types of logic gates
tables to trainees. and their truth tables

ACTIVITIES
72
UNIT 4:
BASIC LOGIC GATES The trainee will able to:
2.4.1. Explain the basic concepts Logic Gate: A logic gate is an elementary Discuss basic concepts of gates as Trainees to find out
of gates as a switch. building block of a digital circuit. Most switch with trainees. more about the basic
logic gates have two inputs and one output. concepts of gates as
At any given moment, every terminal is in switches.
one of the two binary conditions low (0)
or high (1), represented by
different voltage levels.
2.4.2. Explain the functions of Functions of Digital gates: Using charts, discuss the function of Trainees to state four
gates. Many operations can be performed by gates with trainees. (4) functions of gates
combining logic gates and flip flops. Some
of the more common operations are
arithmetic operations, comparisons, code
conversion, encoding, decoding,
multiplexing, demultiplexing counting and
storing
UNIT 4:
BASIC LOGIC GATES The trainee will able to:
2.4.3. Identify switch Switch configuration of gates: Using real objects, show switch Trainees to prepare
configuration of gates.  Sequential and configuration of gates to trainees charts on switch
 Combinational configuration of
gates
2.4.4. Explain the operation of Discuss the operations of gates Trainees to find out
Operation of gates:
gates more about the
operations of gates.
2.4.5. Draw the Symbols of the Assist trainee to draw symbols of Trainees to practice
Symbols of digital gates:
gates the gates drawing the symbols
AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR XOR,
of gates.
XNOR
Insert diagram
Trainees to practice
2.4.6. Draw the truth table of Truth Table of Digital Gate Assist trainees to draw truth for how to draw truth
gates the operations of gates tables for operations
of gates.
Section 3: Operating System Installation and Configuration
73
1. Know the administrative tools required to setup different services on a local machine and edit the local security policy
2. Know how to analyze the event viewer and setup ODBC
3. Understand Computer Management console and modify internet Browser settings
4. Understand network connection configuration, remote assistance and virtual memory management
5. Understand installation and removal of software applications and user accounts administration
6. Know the use of built-in utilities to restore a malfunctioning operating system installation and exploring system tools such as Backup, Disk Defragmenter
and Check-Disk
7. Understand setting up network printers and experimenting with locale-related options

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1:
OPERATING The trainee will able to:
SYSTEMS
3.1.1. Define Operating Systems Operating System (OS): Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees to find out
An operating system is computer software come out with the meaning of more about
which manages the computer's memory, operating systems. operating systems.
processes, and all of its software and
hardware resources to support the basic
functions, such as scheduling tasks and
controlling peripherals.
3.1.2. Identify types of Operating System Types: Using real objects/charts, show type Trainees to state two
Operating Systems  Open Source of operating System to trainees. (2) types of
 Closed Source (Proprietary) operating systems.
Using charts, discuss the Trainees to prepare

Characteristics of Operating Systems:
3.1.3. State characteristics of characteristics with trainees. notes on the
Operating Systems  General Information characteristics of
 Supported Architectures Operating Systems
 Supported Hardware and discuss in class.
 Network Technologies
 Supported File Systems
 Security Features
74
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1:
SYSTEMS
3.1.4. State the advantages and Advantages of Open Source Operating Using charts, discuss the advantages Prepare charts on
disadvantages of Open- System and disadvantages of Open source the advantages and
Source Operating System.  It’s generally free Operating System disadvantages of
 It’s continually evolving in real time as Open-Source
developers add to it and modify it. Operating System.
 Using open source software also means
you are not locked in to using a
particular vendor’s system that only
work with their other systems.
 You can modify and adapt open source
software for your own business
Disadvantages Open Source Operating

System
 open source software can tend to evolve
more in line with developers’ wishes than
the needs of the end user
 they can be less “user-friendly” and not as
easy to use because less attention
 There may also be less support available
for when things go wrong
 Although the open source software itself
is mostly free, there may still be some
indirect costs involved, such as paying for
external support.
 Although having an open system means
that there are many people identifying
bugs and fixing them, it also means that
malicious users can potentially view it
and exploit any vulnerabilities
75
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1:
SYSTEMS
3.1.5. State the advantages and Advantages of Proprietary Operating Using charts, discuss the advantages Prepare charts on
disadvantages of System and disadvantages of Proprietary advantages and
Proprietary Operating  Proprietary-software will generally be Operating System disadvantages of
System. able to take advantage of the software Proprietary
company's customer service department Operating System .
for troubleshooting and setup purposes.
 Proprietary software may have more
features that appeal to the business
owner.
 Proprietary software is generally
tailored to meet a market need
Disadvantages Proprietary Operating

System
 Users are licensees. They cannot copy,
modify or share the product
 Not free (unless it is freeware)
 Users rely on the vendor to support and
update the product
 The vendor is in complete charge of the
update cycle and developing new
features

SOFTWARE
INSTALLATIONS 3.2.1 Describe the System System Requirements: Using real objects/charts discuss the Trainees to find out
Requirements for an Windows 7 system requirements for an more about the
Operating System.  1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or Operating System with trainees system requirements
64-bit (x64) processor* for and Operating
 1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB System
RAM (64-bit)
 16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit)
or 20 GB (64-bit)
 DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM
1.0 or higher driver
76
ACTIVITIES

SOFTWARE System Requirements:
INSTALLATIONS Window 8/8.1
 Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz)* or faster
with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2
 RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) (32-bit) or 2 GB
(64-bit)
 Hard disk space: 16 GB (32-bit) or 20 GB
(64-bit)
 Graphics card: Microsoft DirectX 9
graphics device with WDDM driver.
Linux
 OS: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4or 5 with
latest patches and upgrades
 CPU Type: Pentium 4 or Higher, 2 GHz
or Higher
 Memory/RAM:1 GB Minimum
Hard Disk: 4GB Minimum
Demonstrate the procedure for Trainees to practice
Steps/Procedures:
3.2.2 Create a Bootable Media creating a Bootable Media with how to create a
 Creating a Bootable USB Flash Drive
trainees. Bootable Media
 Creating a Bootable DVD
Demonstrate how to install a Trainees to practice
3.2.3 Install a licensed operating Procedure for Installing Proprietary Licensed Operating System with how to install
system Operating System: trainees. licensed Operating
 Prepare the harddisk System.
 Insert the storage medium on which the
Operating is into the system unit
 Boot the computer
 Select the drive where the operating
system is
 Follow the on screen instructions
77
ACTIVITIES

SOFTWARE
INSTALLATIONS 3.2.4 Install an open-source Procedure for Installing an open-source Demonstrate how to install an Trainees to practice
operating system Operating System Open-Source Operating System how to install Open-
 Download the open source operating with trainees. Source Operating
system of your choice System.
 Boot from the CD/Storage media
 Start the installation process.
 Create a username and password.
 Set the partition
 Boot into the OS
 Check your hardware
 Start using the OS

SOFTWARE
CONFIGURATION 3.3.1 Define software Software configuration management Discuss the software Configuration Trainees to find out
configuration management In software engineering, software management with trainees. more about Software
configuration management (SCM or S/W Configuration
CM) is the task of tracking and controlling Management and
changes in the software, part of the larger discuss in class
cross-disciplinary field of configuration
management. SCM practices include
revision control and the establishment of
baselines.
3.3.2 Identify the advantages of Advantages of Software Configuration
Software Configuration Discuss the advantages of software Trainees to find out
Management
configuration Management with more about
Management  Reduced redundant work.
trainees. advantages of
 Effective management of simultaneous Software
updates. Configuration
 Avoids configuration-related problems. Management and
 Facilitates team coordination. discuss in class
 Helps in building management;
managing tools used in builds.
 Defect tracking: It ensures that every
defect has traceability back to its source.
78
ACTIVITIES

SOFTWARE
CONFIGURATION 3.3.3 Identify categories of user Categories of User Accounts: Use real objects/charts to show Trainees to state Four
accounts.  Computer administrator account categories of User accounts with (4) categories of User
 Limited account trainees. accounts which may
could be created in
an operating system.
3.3.4 Create and Manage User Creating New User Accounts Demonstrate how to create and Trainees to practice
Accounts. To create a new user account: manage user accounts with trainees how to create and
 Open the Users area of the manage user
Administration section. accounts.
 Click on the Create a New User button
on the right side of the page.
 Provide the username, name, email,
password, and optionally a Division or
User Type.
 Customize the account permissions for
the user.
3.3.5 State the benefits of Benefits of Remote Assistance:
remote assistance. Using charts, discuss the benefits of Trainees to find out
 Efficiency
remote assistance with trainees. more the importance
 Cost effective
of remote assistance.
 Client-friendly
 Multi-tasking.
 Work from home
 Fast response
 Controlled environment
 Less intrusive
79
ACTIVITIES

SOFTWARE
CONFIGURATION 3.3.6 Uninstall software Procedure for Uninstalling software Demonstrate the procedure for Trainees to practice
products from the  Open the Control Panel uninstalling software products procedures.
computer  Double-click Add or Remove Programs, from the computer.
Uninstall a program, or Programs and
Features.
 Within the new window, select the
program you want to uninstall and click
the Change, Remove, or Uninstall
button.
3.3.7 Explain the functions of Function of System Restore Utility Group trainees to discuss functions Trainees to find out
System Restore Utility. System Restore is a Windows utility that of the system restore utilities more about functions
allows a user to restore their computer data of the system utility.
to a specific former state (known as a
restore point), undoing changes made since
that time.
3.3.8 Perform backup task Carry out Backup Processes and Demonstrate how to perform Back Trainees to practice
guidelines up task with trainee in groups
In the search field of the Start Menu, type
the word “backup” and then click on the
Backup and Restore shortcut as shown
below. Alternatively, you can go to Control
Panel -> System and Security -> Backup
and Restore
3.3.9 Defragment disks Defragmentation procedure Demonstrate how defragment discs trainees to practice in
Try running your defrag overnight. You can Demonstrate how to check file groups.
also set up the procedure to run integrity with trainees
automatically at a preset period of time,
such as once every two weeks, by using the
Configure Schedule button in the Disk
Defragmenter window. To clean up files on
your hard drive: Choose Start→Control
Panel→System and Security
80
ACTIVITIES

SOFTWARE
CONFIGURATION 3.3.10 Share resources on a Sharing resources on the Network Demonstrate how to share resources Trainees to practice
network Network sharing is made possible by inter- on a network how to share
process communication over the network. resources on the
Some examples of shareable resources are network.
computer programs, data, storage devices,
and printers. E.g. shared file access (also
known as disk sharing and folder sharing),
shared printer access (printer sharing),
shared scanner access, etc.
81
Section 4: Computer Peripherals

1. Understand the basic principles of peripheral installations
2. Know external ports and internal expansion slots for add-on devices
3. Recognize the need for MODEMS and its setting up procedures.
4. Understand the operations of different visual display unit (VDU)
5. Recognize the operation and application area of different printers.
6. Know different mass storage devices.

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 The trainee will able to:

BASIC PRINCIPLES Types of Peripherals: Using real objects, show types of Trainees to list four
4.1.1 Identify types of computer (4) types of
OF PERIPHERAL Input, Output, Storage, Processing, computer peripherals to trainees.
peripherals computer
INSTALLATIONS Communication
peripherals.
Functions of Peripherals Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to prepare

4.1.2 Explain the functions of
functions of Computer peripherals notes on functions
computer peripherals
of computer
peripherals and
discuss in class.
UNIT 2
EXTERNAL PORTS The trainee will able to: BIOS Setup Procedure: Demonstrate the procedure for Trainees to practice
AND INTERNAL
4.2.1 Demonstrate the BIOS  Enter the BIOS Setup Utility by pressing setting up BIOS with trainers. how to set up BIOS
EXPANSION SLOTS the F2 key while the system is performing
setup procedures
the power-on self-test (POST).
 Use the following keyboard keys to
navigate the BIOS Setup Utility:
 Navigate to the item to be modified.
 Press Enter to select the item.
 Use the up or down arrow keys or the + or
– keys to change a field.
 When you are finished customizing BIOS
settings, navigate to the Exit screen.
 Select one of the exit options and press
Enter.
82
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2
EXTERNAL PORTS The trainee will able to:
AND INTERNAL
EXPANSION SLOTS 4.2.2 Explain types of Computer Computer Ports Using real objects, show types of Trainees to list four
Ports Port: A physical docking point through computer ports to trainees (4) types of
which an external device can be connected computer ports
to the computer.
Types: Serial, Parallel, PS/2, USB, VGA,
Power Connector, Firmware, MODEM,
RJ45 Ethernet, Game, Digital Video
Interface (DVI), Sockets, Small Computer
System Interface (SCSI), High-Definition
Multimedia Interface (HDMI), E-SATA,
4.2.3 Describe the PCI interface PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect is Using charts/real objects, discuss Trainees to find out
and its features. a serial expansion bus standard for the PCI interface and the features more about PCI
connecting a computer to one or more with trainees. interface and its
peripheral devices. features.
Interface: runs at 33 MHz or 66 MHz and
supports 32 and 64-bit data paths and bus
mastering. PCI slot about 3.5" long and
about 0.5" high
There are generally three or four PCI slots
on the motherboard. The PCI chipset uses
three, leaving seven for peripheral
controllers. PCI slot is used to connect
sound, network cards and video cards.
UNIT 3
MODEMS AND THEIR The trainee will able to:
SET-UP Modem: A Modem is a hardware device
PROCEDURES 4.3.1 Define a Modem that enables a computer to transmit and Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees to find out
receive information over telephone lines by come out with the meaning of more about Modem
converting digital data into an analog signal Modem.
used on telephone or cable lines.
Properties: Internal/External/PCMCIA,
4.3.2 Describe the properties of Error Detection, Correction, Transmission Using charts, discuss the properties Trainees to find out
Modems Speed and Compression of Modems with trainees. more about the
83
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3
MODEMS AND THEIR The trainee will able to:
SET-UP
PROCEDURES 4.3.3 Explain the functions of a Functions: modem takes its name from the Using real objects, discuss the Trainees find out
modem two functions it performs functions of a modem more about
Modulation: Converting digital data/ functions of a
information into analog carrier signal so modem
they can travel down the phone line just like
the sound of your voice.
Demodulation: Converting analog signal
from telephone lines into digital form for
the computer to be able to interpret and use
them.
4.3.4 Install and configure a Install and Configure Modem Demonstrate how to install and Trainees to practice
Modem Plug and Play takes a lot of the pain out of configure a modem how to install
modem installation. Ideally, you should be modems.
able to install a new modem by putting it in
a PCI slot, booting the machine, and
watching for a balloon in the Notification
area of the status bar as PnP does its thing.
If you have a laptop, you can install a PC
Card modem while the computer is running
and the PnP Manager will find it and install
the drivers. Installing USB modems is just
that easy, as well.
4.3.5 Demonstrate the process Troubleshooting Modems Demonstrate the process of Trainees to practice
of troubleshooting If a modem does not work properly after troubleshooting modems with troubleshooting
modems. installation, check the device properties in trainees. modems
Device Manager to make sure you do not
have a resource conflict or an improper
driver. One way to open the Device
Manager console is by right-clicking My
Computer and selecting Properties from the
fly out menu. Select the Hardware tab and
click Device Manager
84
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 4
VISUAL DISPLAY The trainee will able to:
UNIT (VDUs)
4.4.1 Identify different types of Types of Monitors
monitors and VDU card. CRT, LCD, LED (Resistive, Surface Wave, Using charts, show different types of Trainees to find out
Capacitive Touch) monitors and VDU cards to trainees. more about the types
of monitors
4.4.2 Explain the operations of Operations of graphic accelerator cards. Discuss the operation of graphics Trainees to find out
graphic accelerator cards. Graphic Accelerator Card: A video accelerator cards with trainees. about the operations
adapter that contains its own processor for of graphic
computing graphical transformations to accelerator cards.
boost performance levels. It frees up the
computer's CPU.
4.4.3 Demonstrate the processes Steps/Procedure: Demonstrate the process of Trainees to practice
of installing and  Uninstall your old drivers installing and configuring graphics configuring graphics
configuring graphic cards.  Unplug the computer. cards with trainees accelerator cards.
 Open the case.
 Identify the expansion slot.
 Ground yourself
 Remove the old card (if necessary).
 Clean out any dust.
 Insert the new graphics card.
 Secure the graphics card.
 Plug in the power connectors.
 Close up the case.
 Plug in your monitor
 Install the new drivers
 Test it out.
4.4.4 Demonstrate the Procedure for troubleshooting display Demonstrate the procedure for Trainees to practice
procedures for related problems. troubleshooting display related the procedures for
troubleshooting display  No image problems. troubleshooting
related problems.  Screen flickers display related
 Unstable screen problems.
 Poor image
85
ACTIVITIES
 “Signal out of range” message
The trainee will able to:
UNIT 4  Blocked or shadowed text and lines
VISUAL DISPLAY  Persistent after-image exists
UNIT (VDUs)  Moving images blur or ghost
 Dim image
UNIT 5
OPERATION AND The trainee will able to:
APPLICATION OF
DIFFERENT 4.5.1 Identify types of printing Types of Printers Devices: Using real objects, show types of Trainees to prepare
PRINTERS devices Impact Printers: Dot-Matrix, Daisy-wheel, printing devices to trainees. charts on types of
Line, Drum, Chain, and Band Printers. printers.
Non-impact printers: Ink-jet, Laser, LED
page Printers
4.5.2 Describe how printing Operations of Printing Devices: Using real objects/models, discuss Trainees to prepare
devices function Impact printers: Impact printer work by how the printing devices function. notes on how
banging a head or needle against an ink printing devices
ribbon to make a mark on the paper. function and discuss
Non-impact printers: They have in groups.
mechanism that uses a light-sensitive metal
drum and toner powder. Inside the printer,
light from a laser or LED "draws" the image
of a page onto the drum as a series of tiny
dots. The light produces a static electric
charge in the drum, causing toner to cling to
it.
4.5.3 Demonstrate printer setup Printer Setup and Management: Demonstrate how to set-up and Trainee to list two
operation and manage.  Install a printer manage printers. Assist trainees to (2) steps involved in
 Print Preview practice. setting up printers.
Print Setup: Select a printer, number of
copies, page(s) selection, page(s) collation,
page orientation, paper size, margins, pages
 Print Setup: Select a printer, number of
copies, page(s) selection, page(s)
collation, page orientation, paper size,
margins, pages per sheet
86
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 5
OPERATION AND The trainee will able to:
APPLICATION OF  Page Setup: Use page setup dialog box
DIFFERENT  Issuing a Print command: Print Icon,
PRINTERS Keyboard shortcut
4.5.4 Troubleshoot a printer Procedure for Troubleshooting a printer: Demonstrate how to troubleshoot
Connection Problems and assist trainees to practice Trainees to practice
 No Display/ Offline troubleshooting
 Cable Connections procedures of a
Software Problems printer
 Processing Job
 IO or Other Error
 Stuck Print Jobs
 Printer Drivers
Mechanical Problems
 Selecting a wrong Printer
 Empty Tray
 Paper Jam
4.5.5 Explain the guidelines for Guidelines for Printing Devices Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to prepare
printing devices  Referring to Installation manual guidelines for printing devices notes on guideline
for printing devices
and discuss in class.
UNIT 6
MASS STORAGE The trainee will able to:
DEVICES
4.6.1 Explain the different drive Drive Interface Standards: Using charts/models, discuss the Trainees to write a
interface standards.  Integrated Device Electronic (IDE) /AT different drive interface standards report and discuss in
Attachment (ATA or Parallel ATA) with trainees. You may take class in groups after
 Serial ATA (SATA), trainees for a visit to well- visit.
 Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), established ICT industry.
 Universal Serial Bus (USB 2.0, 3.0)
 External Firmware Interface (IEEE-1394)
87
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 6
MASS STORAGE The trainee will able to:
DEVICES
 External SATA
SCSI based devices: CD-ReWriter,
Scanner, Printer, Hard Drive, etc.
4.6.2 Install the SCSI-based Installation Procedure: Demonstrate how to install the Trainees to practice
devices.  install the host adapter SCSI-based devices and assist the procedure for
 configure the devices trainees to practice. You may installing SCSI-
 Mounting the internal drive invite an expert in the area to based devices
 Making the connections assist.
 Installing the associated software.
Troubleshoot SCSI based devices:

4.6.3 Troubleshoot SCSI-based Demonstrate how to troubleshoot Trainees to practice
 Troubleshooting at the Hardware Layer
devices. SCSI-based devices with trainees. how to troubleshoot
 Troubleshooting at the BIOS Layer
SCSI based devices
 Troubleshooting at the OS Layer
 Troubleshooting at the Application Layer
88
Section 5: Electronic Drawing

1. Know how to draw electronic devices and electronic circuits by using a computer.
2. Know how to draw logics circuit and block diagrams by using a computer.
3. Understand how to convert circuit diagrams to block diagrams.

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1:
ELECTRONIC The trainee will able to:
DEVICES.
5.1.1. Explain the rules and Rules and Conventions: Discus rules and conventions for Trainees find out
conventions for electronic  Follow Basic Design Procedure electronic drawings more about rules
drawings.  Use component designators and conventions for
 Label key nets electronic drawings.
 Upper case symbol names
 Keep names reasonably short
 Draw pins according to function
 Direct connections, within reason
 Design for regular size paper
5.1.2. Identify the symbols for Using charts/models/real objects Trainees to prepare
Symbols for connections and crossover
connections and crossover show symbols for connections and chart on symbols for
crossovers. connections and
crossovers
5.1.3. Explain how to represent Discuss how to represent Trainees state how
Representation of dimensions for symbols
dimensions for symbols dimensions for symbols to present dimension
for symbols
5.1.4. Design simple objects/ Assist trainees to design simple Trainees to prepare
Use MS Visio to design objects:
shapes with Visio objects/shapes with Visio program charts on simple
Visio is an electronic tool used for design
Program objects/shapes using
objects. It offers a wide variety of built-in
Visio program
shapes, objects and stencils.
UNIT 2:
ELECTRONIC The trainee will able to: Trainees to find out
CIRCUITS Rules for drawing Electronic Circuit more about basic
Discuss the basic rules of drawing
5.2.1 Explain the basic rules of  Use the symbol for each component electronic circuit
rules of drawing
drawing electronic circuit.  Proper placement of component electronic circuit
89
ACTIVITIES

ELECTRONIC Assist trainees to draw schematic Trainees to prepare
Schematic circuit diagrams
CIRCUITS 5.2.2 Draw schematic circuit circuit diagrams charts on schematic
diagrams circuit diagrams
UNIT 3:
LOGIC CIRCUIT The trainee will able to:
5.3.1 Draw logic circuits. Draw logic circuits: Assist trainees to draw logic circuits Trainees to prepare
Electronic Circuits that handle information charts on logic
encoded in Binary or Boolean form are circuits
Logic Circuits. Logic circuits are
constructed from small electronic circuits
called logic gates. They are the basic
building blocks of real-world computers.
5.3.2 Draw the logic gates and Draw logic gates and FF’s circuits Assist trainees to draw the logic Trainees prepare
FF’s circuits. gates and FF circuits charts on logic gates
and FF’s circuits
Logic Circuit
Flip-Flop Circuit
90
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 4
BLOCK DIAGRAMS The trainee will able to:
5.4.1 Explain the rules for Rules for drawing block diagrams Discuss rules for drawing block Trainees to find out
drawing the block diagram diagrams with trainees more about rules for
drawing block
diagrams
5.4.2 Re-draw the block diagram. Re-draw block diagrams Assist trainees to re-draw the Trainees to practice
block diagram how to re-draw the
block diagram
UNIT 5:
CONVERTION OF The trainee will able to:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
TO BLOCK 5.5.1 Convert the circuit diagram Convert circuit diagram to block diagram Demonstrate how to convert the Trainees to
DIAGRAMS to a block diagram circuit diagram to a block diagram Practice how to
convert the circuit
diagram to a block
diagram
91
Section 6: PC Upgrade and Maintenance

1. Understand the concept of upgrading and maintenance for PC.
2. Understand the limitation of a PC and scope for upgrading.
3. Understand technical specifications for PC upgrading.

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1: The trainee will be able to

CONCEPTS OF
UPGRADING AND 6.1.1 Explain the reasons for Reasons for PC Maintenance Discuss the reasons for PC Trainees to state
MAINTENANCE FOR PC maintenance  Safeguard of data maintenance three (3) reasons for
PC  Improved performance PC maintenance
 Reduced downtime
 Saves resources
Physically Maintenance Trainees to state

 Clean the surge protector three (3) reasons for
 Clean peripherals physical
maintenance
 Clean the surge protector
Trainees to state
Technical Maintenance
three (3) reasons for
 Maintain Data Integrity
technical
 Virus Protection
maintenance
 Applications upgrading
 Backup
 Empty Recycle Bin
 Clear Temp and unnecessary files
6.1.2 Explain the reasons for Reasons for Upgrading a PC Trainees to find out
PC upgrade.  Improves PC performance more about the need
 Increases the life span of the PC for PC upgrade
 Improved PC security
 Improved Speed
 Reducing wastage
92
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2:
LIMITATIONS OF A The trainee will be able to
PC AND SCOPE FOR
UPGRADING 6.2.1 Identify the process of Processes of Hardware upgrade: Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
hardware upgrading.  Identification of hardware problem process of hardware upgrading more about the
 Carry out housekeeping tasks: process of hardware
o Uninstall unnecessary software upgrade
o Remove viruses, spyware, and other
malware.
o Defragment hard drive
 Reassess computer's performance
6.2.2 Identify Hardware Hardware Components Using real objects/charts/model, Trainees to prepare
components for  Hard Drive show trainees hardware components charts on
upgrading.  Memory for upgrading components
 Processor (CPU) upgrading
 Graphics Card
 Optical CD/DVD
UNIT 3:
TECHNICAL The trainee will be able to
SPECIFICATIONS
FOR PC UPGRADING 6.3.1 Explain Field Replaceable Field Replaceable Modules: Using models/charts/real objects, Trainee to find out
Modules (FRM) These are advanced features designed to group trainees to discuss field more about FRMs
increase reliability and fast serviceability replaceable modules(FRM) and discuss in class
with reduced maintenance requirements to
minimize downtime.
6.3.2 Identify types of Field Types of Field Replaceable Modules: Using models/charts/real objects, Trainee to find out
Replaceable Modules  Storage Devices: FDD, HDD, CD/CD- show types of field replaceable more about types of
(FRM) RW, DVD/DVD-RW, Removal Storage modules(FRM) to trainees FRMs and discuss in
 Power Sources: AC Adapters, DC class
Adapters, Batteries,
 Memory
 Input Devices: Keyboard,
Mouse/Pointer Devices, Touch Screen
93
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3:
TECHNICAL The trainee will be able to
SPECIFICATIONS
FOR PC UPGRADING  Mouse/Pointer Devices, Touch Screen
 PCMCIA/Mini PCI Adapters: SCSI,
Modem, USB, IEEE-1394/ FirmWare,
Storage (Memory & HDD), Network
Interface Card (NIC)
 Docking Station/Port Replicators
 LCD, LED Panels
 Wireless: Adapter/Controller, Antenna,
6.3.3 Explain the functions of Functions of FRMs: Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to state
Field Replaceable Modules functions of field replaceable three (3) functions
models of field replaceable
modules
6.3.4 Demonstrate the process Installing FRMs Demonstrate the process of Trainees to practice
of installing Field Portable System installing field replaceable modules the process of
Replaceable Modules Portable memory, Display types, LCDs, with trainees installing field
Touch pads, Portable Drives, Keyboards, replaceable modules
Trackballs
External Portable I/O
Components: Portable Peripherals:

Peripheral storage devices, external drive
Units, external FDDs, External CD-ROM /
DVD-ROM and CD-RW/DVD-RW drives
Removable Storage
6.3.5 Demonstrate the process of Group trainees to demonstrate the Trainees to practice
Process of configuration: process of configuring field
configuring field the process of
replaceable module replaceable modules configuring field
replaceable modules
94
Section 7: Computer System Troubleshooting – I

1. Understand the process of fault diagnosis and causes of computer start up failure.
2. Understand memory and hard drive failure symptoms.
3. Understand floppy drive and CD-ROM failure symptoms.
4. Understand mouse and keyboard failure symptoms.
5. Understand Display system and sound failure symptoms.

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1:
FAULT DIAGNOSIS The trainee will be able to
7.1.1 Demonstrate the usage of Hardware Diagnostic Tools: Demonstrate the usage of different Trainees practice the
different software diagnostic Hardware Diagnostic tools are special software diagnostic test for usage of different
tests for hardware software written for the express purpose of hardware with trainees software diagnostic
examining the state, or locating problems test for hardware
with a hardware or the operating
system environment in which the hardware
operates.
Examples:
Resource & Performance Monitor,
Windows Memory Diagnostic Tool
System Information for Windows Hardware
Diagnostic Tool, PC Wizard – CPUID,
Speccy – Piriform, Sandra Lite –
SiSoftware, Hiren’s BootCD, Ubuntu live
CD
UNIT 2:
COMPUTER START The trainee will be able to
UP FAILURE.
7.2.1 Explain the cause of Causes of Startup failures: Group trainees to discuss the causes Trainees to find out
start-up failure. The causes of computer failure to boot up for startup failure more about the cause
can be grouped into four categories as of startup failure
follows:
 Bad Electrical connection
 Power supply failure
95
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2:
CAUSES OF The trainee will be able to  Operating system failure
COMPUTER START  Hardware failure
UP FAILURE.  Bad driver
 Corrupt file or volume
 System misconfiguration
 Virus infection
UNIT 3:
MEMORY FAILURE The trainee will be able to
SYMPTOMS
7.3.1 Outline the Causes of Causes of Memory failure: Discuss the causes of memory Trainees find out
Memory Failure  Memory configuration failure with trainees more about memory
 Boot failures, Installation issues failure
 Memory errors, Hardware defects
 Excessive heat, Data corruption.
UNIT 4:
HARD DRIVE The trainee will be able to
FAILURE SYMPTOMS
7.4.1 Explain the causes of Hard Causes of Hard Drive Failure Group trainees to discuss the Trainees find out
Drive Failure Physical Damage causes of hard drive failure more about causes
 Stiction of hard drive failure
 Worn Out Parts
 Manufacturer Faults
Mechanical Failure
 Head Crash
 Bad sectors
Logical Failure
 Power Surges
 Circuit failure
 Corrupted Files
 Internal failure
 Heat Symptoms
 Electronic Failure
 Human Errors
96
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 5:
FLOPPY DRIVE The trainee will be able to
FAILURE SYMPTOMS
7.5.1 Explain the causes of Causes of Floppy Drive failure: Group trainees to discuss the Trainees find out
Floppy Drive Failure.  Faulty Diskette causes of floppy drive failure. more about causes
 CMOS settings of floppy drive
 Conflict with other Hardware failure.
 Faulty Connections
o Power
o Motherboard Connector
 Bad Drivers
UNIT 6:
CD-ROM FAILURE The trainee will be able to
SYMPTOMS
7.6.1 Explain the causes of CD- Causes of CD-ROM failure: Group trainee to discuss the causes Trainees to find out
ROM drive Failure  Improper cable connections of CD-ROM drive failure more about the
o Power connectors causes of CD-ROM
o IDE Data cable drive failure
 Misconfiguration of Jumpers
 Incorrect BIOS settings
 Hardware/Software Conflict, etc.
UNIT 7:
MOUSE AND The trainee will be able to
KEYBOARD FAILURE
SYMPTOMS 7.7.1 Explain the causes of Mouse and Keyboard failures: Discuss the causes of mouse and Trainees to state four
Mouse and Keyboard PS/2 keyboard failure with trainees (40 causes of mouse
failure  Use of incorrect port and keyboard failure
 BIOS Settings
 Defective Hardware
USB
 Use of incorrect port
 Disabled USB Ports
 BIOS Setup
 Defective USB Port
97
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 7:
MOUSE AND The trainee will be able to
KEYBOARD FAILURE
SYMPTOMS Wireless
 Insufficient power to the device or to
the receiver.
 Conflicting Bluetooth components
 Radio frequency conflict
 The device signal not detected by the
signal transceiver.
 BIOS settings
 Un-updated patches on OS
UNIT 8:
DISPLAY SYSTEM The trainee will be able to
FAILURE SYMPTOMS
7.8.1 Explain the causes of Causes of Display Systems Failure: Visit an industry with trainees to find Trainees to write a
Display System  Faulty Power Supply /Power Cords out more about causes of display report and discuss in
Failure  Loose Cable/Loose connection within system failures class in groups
monitor
 Computer Display settings
 Settings on the monitor
 Defective Motherboard
 Defective Video Card
 Dead or Stuck pixels due to aging
 screen burn due to overuse
UNIT 9:
SOUND FAILURE The trainee will be able to
SYMPTOMS
7.9.1 Explain the causes of Causes of sound failure Discuss the causes of sound failure Trainees to state four
Sound Failures  check sound card with trainees (4) causes of sound
 plug cables into the correct locations failures
 make sure the hardware has power
 check the volume control.
98
YEAR THREE
Section 1: Computer System Troubleshooting II
1. Know Serial, parallel and USB failure symptoms
2. Recognize printers and dial up failure symptoms
3. Know common start-up and virus protection utility failure
4. Know networks failure symptoms
5. Know external devices failure symptoms

ACTIVITIES

SYMPTOMS AND
FAILURES 1.1.1 Explain the causes of Causes of Serial, Parallel and USB
serial, parallel and USB failure
port failures.  The port is defective. Using charts/real objects, discuss the Trainees to find out
 The software is not configured causes of serial, parallel and USB port more about causes
properly for the port (that is, the failure of failures and
resource allocation, speed, or protocol discuss in class
settings do not match).
 The connecting signal cable is bad.
 The attached device is not functional.
1.1.2 Identify the causes of Causes of printer’s failure. Using charts/real objects show causes Trainees state there
printer failures  Cable problems of printer failures to trainees (3) causes of printer
 Computer problems failures
 WINDOWS Problems
 Overuse
 Consumables Issue
 Stuck Print Spooler
 Driver Issue
99
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 CONTD The trainee will be able to:

SYMPTOMS AND
FAILURES 1.1.3 Explain the causes of Causes of MODEM failure Using charts, discuss the causes of Trainees to state there
MODEM failure.  Faulty Modem MODEM failures (3) causes of failures
 Faulty Port in MODEM
 Corrupt files
 No Signal
1.1.4 Identify the causes of Windows start-up failure. Using charts/real objects, show causes Trainees to state four
windows start-up  Hardware failure of Windows start-up failure to (4) causes of
failure.  Bad driver trainees windows start-up
failure
 Corrupt file or volume
 System misconfiguration
 Virus infection
1.1.5 Explain the causes of Group trainees to discuss the causes Trainees to find out
virus protection utility Causes of virus protection utility failure of virus protection utility failure more about causes of
failures  Out dated software virus protection
 Incompatible software Group trainees to discuss the causes utility failures
of network failures
1.1.6 Explain the causes of Causes of networks failure. Trainees to state three
network failures.  Network card not connected properly. (3) causes of network
 Bad network card drivers or software failures
settings.
 Firewall preventing computers from
seeing each other.
 Connection related issues.
 Bad network hardware.
Discuss the causes of external devices Trainees to state five
1.1.7 Explain the causes of Causes of external devices failure failure with trainees (5) causes of external
external devices failure.  Faulty device device failures
 Corrupt Operating System
 Poor connection
 Corrupt device driver
 Incompatible device
 Faulty cable
100
Section 2: Electronic drawing 2

1. Know how to draw the electronic circuit using the circuit maker program.
2. Know how to draw the logic circuit using the circuit maker program.
3. Know how to convert the strip-board and PCB layouts to a circuit diagram.

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO The trainee will be able to:
CIRCUIT MAKER
2.1.1 Explain the Circuit Circuit maker program rules Group trainees to discuss circuit Trainees state three
PROGRAM
maker program rules  Electrical Rules maker program rules (3) circuit program
 Routing Rules rules
 Mask Rules
 Plane Rules
 Placement Rules
2.1.2 Use the circuit maker Circuit maker commands in drawing Demonstrate how to use the circuit Trainees practice
commands in drawing. maker commands in drawing how to use circuit
maker commands
Keystroke What it Does
Ctrl+A Select All
Ctrl+C Copy
Ctrl+D Duplicate
Ctrl+E Expand Macro
Ctrl+F Find and Select
Ctrl+H New Macro
Ctrl+K Device Display Data
Ctrl+L Schematic Display Data
Ctrl+M Mirror
Ctrl+N New
Ctrl+O Open
Ctrl+P Print Schematic
Ctrl+Q Reset Simulation
Ctrl+R Rotate
Ctrl+S Save
Ctrl+U Macro Utilities
Ctrl+V Paste
101
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO The trainee will be able to: Circuit maker commands in drawing
CIRCUIT MAKER
PROGRAM Keystroke What it Does
Ctrl+X Cut
Ctrl+Z Undo
Alt+A Arrow Tool
Alt+D Delete Tool
Alt+P Probe Tool
Alt+T Text Tool
Alt+W Wire Tool
Alt+Z Zoom Tool
F1 Context Sensitive Help
F2 Display Scale
F3 Normal Size/Position
F4 Zoom to Fit
F5 Schematic Options
F6 Collapse Device Tree
F7 Refresh Screen
2.1.3 Draw schematic

Schematic transistorized circuit diagrams Trainees practice
transistorized circuit Illustrate how to draw schematic
how to draw
diagrams. transistorized circuit diagrams and
schematic
assist trainees to practice
diagrams.
102
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1
CIRCUIT MAKER
PROGRAM 2.1.4 Draw electronic Electronic transistorized circuits
Illustrate how to draw electronic Trainees practice
transistorized circuit diagrams and how to draw
assist trainees to practice electronic
diagrams.
2.1.5 Draw electronic IC Electronic IC circuits. Trainees practice

Assist trainees to draw electronic
circuits. IC circuits how to draw
electronic IC circuits
103
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2
LOGIC CIRCUIT The trainee will be able to:
2.2.1 Draw Logic gates Logic gates circuits.

Illustrate how to draw logic gates Trainees practice
circuits.
circuits and assist trainees to practice how to draw logic
gates circuits
2.2.2 Draw Logic gates and FF Illustrate how to draw logic gates Trainees to draw
Logic gates and FF circuits
circuits. circuits and FF circuits. logic gates circuits
and FF circuits.
104
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3
CONVERSION OF The trainee will be able to:
STRIP-BOARD LAYOUT
2.3.1 Draw circuit diagram Illustrate how to draw circuit Trainees to practice
TO A CIRCUIT Strip-board layout of transistorized circuits.
diagram from strip board lay out how to draw circuit
DIAGRAM. from strip-board
transistorized circuits and assist diagram from strip
layout of board lay out
trainees to practice
transistorized circuits. transistorized circuit
Strip-board layout of IC circuits. Illustrate how to draw diagram Trainees practice

2.3.2 Draw circuit diagram how to draw diagram
from strip-board from strip board layout of IC
circuits from strip board
layout of IC circuits. layout of IC circuit
105
ACTIVITIES

CONVERSION OF PCB
2.4.1 Draw circuit diagram PCB layout of transistorized circuits Illustrate how to draw diagram from Trainees practice
LAYOUT TO A CIRCUIT PCB layout of transistorized circuits
from the PCB layout how to draw diagram
DIAGRAM. from PCB layout of
of transistorized
transistorized circuits
circuits.
106
Section 3: Computer Networks 1

1. Understand computer network and network topologies
2. Understand Networking Hardware components
3. Understand Cabling
4. Understand Network models

ACTIVITIES

Computer Network Group trainees to brainstorm to come Trainees to find out
INTRODUCTION TO 3.1.1 Define computer A computer network is a set of computers out with the meaning of computer more on computer
COMPUTER NETWORK network connected together for the purpose of network network
sharing resources.
3.1.2 Identify types of Types of Network Using charts show types of networks Trainees to write
networks  Personal Area Network (PAN) to trainees down names of three
 Local Area Network (LAN (3) types of network
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
3.1.3 Deescribe types of Networks
networks Personal Area Network (PAN) is a Group trainees to describe the various Trainees describe
computer network used for data types of networks three (3) types of
transmission among devices such as networks
computers, telephones and personal
digital assistants
Local Area Network (LAN) is a
computer network that interconnects
computers within a limited area such as a
residence, school, laboratory, or office
building
Wide Area Network (WAN) is a
telecommunications network or computer
network that extends over a large
geographical distance. Wide area
networks are often established with leased
telecommunication circuits.
107
ACTIVITIES

INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER NETWORK Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a
network that interconnects users with
computer resources in a geographic area
or region larger than that covered by even
a large local area network (LAN) but
smaller than the area covered by a wide
area network (WAN).
3.1.3 State the benefits of Discuss the benefits of network Group trainees to
Benefits of Network Technologies Technologies with trainees
network technologies find out more about
 Easy Communication
benefits of network
 Ability to Share Files, Data and technologies
Information
 Sharing Hardware
 Sharing Software
 Security
 Speed

Network topology
NETWORK
3.2.1 Define network Network topology is the arrangement of Group trainees to brainstorm and come Trainees to find out
TOPOLOGIES the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of
topology out with the meaning of network more about network
a computer network. Essentially, it is the topology topology
topological structure of a network and
may be depicted physically or logically.
3.2.2 Identify types of Network Topologies Using real objects/charts show types of Trainees find out
network topologies  Bus network topologies to trainees more about network
 Star topologies
 Ring
 Mesh
108
ACTIVITIES

NETWORK
3.2.3 Describe the various Bus:
TOPOLOGIES
types of network A bus network is an arrangement in a Using charts, group trainees to discuss Trainees to find out
topologies local area network (LAN) in which each the various types of network topologies more about network
node (workstation or other device) is topologies
connected to a main cable or link called
the bus
Star:
A Star network, star topology is one of the
most common network setups. In this
configuration, every node connects to a
central network device, like a hub, switch,
or computer. The central network device
acts as a server and the peripheral devices
act as clients.
Ring:
A Ring network is a network topology in
which each node connects to exactly two
other nodes, forming a single continuous
pathway for signals.
Mesh:
A mesh network is a network topology in
which each node relays data for the
network. All mesh nodes cooperate in the
distribution of data in the network. Mesh
networks can relay messages using either
a flooding technique or a routing
technique.
109
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 CONTD
NETWORK The trainee will be able to:
TOPOLOGIES
3.2.4 Describe the features of Features of network topologies Using charts/pictures/real objects Prepare charts of
the various network Bus Topology discuss the features of the various features of the
topologies  It transmits data only in one direction. network topologies various network
 Every device is connected to a single topologies
cable
Ring Topology
 A number of repeaters are used and the
transmission is unidirectional.
 Data is transferred in a sequential
manner that is bit by bit.
Star Topology
 Every node has its own dedicated
connection to the hub.
 Acts as a repeater for data flow.
 Can be used with twisted pair, Optical
Fibre or coaxial cable.
Mesh Topology
 Fully connected.
 Robust.
 Not flexible.
110
ACTIVITIES

NETWORK
1.2.5 State the advantages Advantages of Bus Topology Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
TOPOLOGIES
and disadvantages of  It is cost effective. advantages of the bus network more about the
the various topologies  Cable required is least compared to other topology advantages bus
network topology. network topology
 Used in small networks.
 It is easy to understand.
 Easy to expand joining two cables
together.
Disadvantages of Bus Topology

 Cables fails then whole network fails. Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
disadvantages of the bus network more about the
 If network traffic is heavy or nodes are
topology disadvantages bus
more the performance of the network
decreases. network topology
 Cable has a limited length.
 It is slower than the ring topology.
Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
Advantages of Ring Topology advantages of the ring network more about the
 Transmitting network is not affected by topology advantages ring
high traffic or by adding more nodes, as network topology
only the nodes having tokens can
transmit data.
 Cheap to install and expand
Disadvantages of Ring Topology Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
 Troubleshooting is difficult in ring disadvantages of the ring network more about the
topology. topology disadvantages ring
 Adding or deleting the computers network topology
disturbs the network activity.
 Failure of one computer disturbs the
whole network.
111
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 CONTD The trainee will be able to: Advantages of Star Topology
NETWORK  Fast performance with few nodes and Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
low network traffic. advantages of the star network more about the
TOPOLOGIES
 Hub can be upgraded easily. topology advantages star
 Easy to troubleshoot. network topology
 Easy to setup and modify.
 Only that node is affected which has
failed rest of the nodes can work
smoothly.
Disadvantages of Star Topology

 Cost of installation is high. Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
disadvantages of the star network more about the
 Expensive to use.
topology disadvantages star
 If the hub is affected, then the whole
network topology
network is stopped because all the
nodes depend on the hub.
 Performance is based on the hub that is
it depends on its capacity
Advantages of Mesh Topology Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
 Each connection can carry its own data advantages of the mesh network more about the
load. topology advantages mesh
 It is robust. network topology
 Fault is diagnosed easily.
 Provides security and privacy
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology Group trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
 Installation and configuration is disadvantages of the mesh network more about the
difficult. topology disadvantages mesh
 Cabling cost is more. network topology
Bulk wiring is required
112
ACTIVITIES

NETWORKING
HARDWARE 3.3.1 Identify network Network Components Using pictures/real objects/charts Trainees to prepare
show types of network
COMPONENTS components  Network Interface Card (NIC) components to trainees
charts on network
 Hub components and discuss
 Switches in class
 Router
 Bridge:
 Gateway:
 Modem
 Transmission Media
 Network Operating System (NOS)
 Operating System
3.3.2 State the functions of the Functions Network Interface Card Discuss the functions of the Trainees prepare notes
(NIC): An expansion board inserted into a various types of networking
various types of hardware components on functions of the
Networking Hardware computer so the computer can be various types of
components connected to a network. Most NICs are networking hardware
designed for a particular type of network, components
protocol, and media, although some can
serve multiple networks.
Hub: A common connection point for

devices in a network. A hub contains
multiple ports.
Switch: A device that filters and forwards

packets between LAN segments.
Router: A router is a device that forwards

data packets along networks.
Gateway: A node on a network that

serves as an entrance to another network.
113
ACTIVITIES

NETWORKING
HARDWARE 3.3.2 State the functions of Bridge: A device that connects two local- Discuss the functions of the Trainees prepare notes
COMPONENTS the various types of area networks (LANs), or two segments various types of networking on various types of
of the same LAN that use the same hardware components
Networking Hardware networking hardware
components protocol components
Modem (modulator-demodulator): A
modem is a device or program that
enables a computer to transmit data over,
for example, telephone or cable lines.
Transmission Media: the type of

physical system used to carry a
communication signal from one system to
another. Examples of transmission media
include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable,
and fiber optic cable.
Network Operating System (NOS): A

network operating system includes special
functions for connecting computers and
devices into a local-area network (LAN).
Operating System:
Operating systems provide a software
platform on top of which other programs,
called application programs, can run.
Operating systems perform basic tasks,
such as recognizing input from the
keyboard, sending output to the display
screen, keeping track of files and
directories on the disk, and controlling
peripheral devices such as disk drives and
printers.
114
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 4
NETWORK CABLING
3.4.1 Define cabling Cabling:
A networking hardware used to connect Group trainees to barnstorm to Trainees find out more
come out with the meaning of
one network device to other network about cabling
cabling
devices or connect two or more computers
to share devices (eg. printer, Scanner)
Cables are essentially the carrier or media
through which data flows
3.4.2 Identify types of cables Types of Cables Using real object/charts, show Prepare charts on types
 Coaxial Cable: types of cable to trainees of cables
 Twisted Pair Cables:
 Fiber Optics:
 USB Cables:
3.4.3 Differentiate among the Trainees find out more
Differences Using real object/charts/pictures,
types of cabling Coaxial Cable: It consists of an inner discuss the differences among about the differences in
copper wire of varying thickness types of cabling. cabling
surrounded by insulation and other
shielding. Their stiffness caused network
administrators difficulty in installing and
maintaining thin net and thick net.
Twisted Pair Cables: Ethernet twisted

pair cables contain up to 8 wires wound
together in pairs to minimize
electromagnetic interference.
Fiber Optics: Instead of insulated metal

wires transmitting electrical signals, fiber
optic network cables work using strands
of glass and pulses of light. These
network cables are bendable despite being
made of glass.
115
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 4
NETWORK CABLING Group trainees to barnstorm to
USB Cables: Most Universal Serial Bus Trainees find out more
(USB) cables connect a computer with a come out with the meaning of about cabling
cabling
peripheral device (keyboard or mouse)
rather than to another computer for
networking. However, special adapters
(sometimes called dongles) also allow
connecting an Ethernet cable to a USB
port indirectly. USB cables feature
twisted-pair wiring.
Cables
Crossover Cables: A crossover cable
joins two network devices of the same
type, such as two PCs or two network
switches.
UNIT 4
NETWORK CABLING Group trainees to discuss the
3.4.4 State the advantages of Advantages of glass fibre over copper Trainees prepare charts
conductor advantages of glass fibre over on advantages of glass
glass fibre over copper copper conductors
conductors fibre over copper
Digital signals: Optical fibres are ideally conductor
suited for carrying digital information,
which is especially useful in computer
networks.
Higher carrying capacity: Because

optical fibres are thinner than copper
wires, more fibres can be bundled into a
given-diameter cable than copper wires.
This allows more phone lines to go over
the same cable or more channels to come
through the cable into your business or
home.
116
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 4
INTRODUCTION TO The trainee will be able to: Less signal degradation: The loss of
NETWORK CABLING signal in optical fibre is less than in
copper wire.
Less expensive: Several miles of optical

cable can be made cheaper than
equivalent lengths of copper wire. This
saves your provider and you money.
Advantages of glass fibre over copper

conductor
Thinner: Optical fibres can be drawn to

smaller diameters than copper wire.
Light signals: Unlike electrical signals in

copper wires, light signals from one fibre
do not interfere with those of other fibres
in the same cable. This means clearer
phone conversations or TV reception.
Low power: Because signals in optical

fibres degrade less, lower-power
transmitters can be used instead of the
high-voltage electrical transmitters needed
for copper wires. Again, this saves your
provider and you money.
Non-flammable: Because no electricity is

passed through optical fibres, there is no
fire hazard.
Lightweight: An optical cable weighs

less than a comparable copper wire cable.
Fibre-optic cables take up less space in
the ground.
117
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 4
NETWORK CABLING Flexible: Because fibre optics are so
flexible and can transmit and receive
light, they are used in many flexible
digital cameras for medical imaging in
bronchoscopes, endoscopes, laparoscopes;
for mechanical imaging used in inspecting
mechanical welds in pipes and engines (in
airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, cars);
and in Plumbing, to inspect sewer lines
UNIT 5
NETWORK MODELS
3.1.1 Define Network Network Models
Group trainees to barnstorm to Trainees find out more
Models The network model is a database model come out with the meaning of
conceived as a flexible way of about cabling
cabling
representing objects and their
relationships. Its distinguishing feature is
that the schema, viewed as a graph in
which object types are nodes and
relationship types are arcs, is not
restricted to being a hierarchy or lattice.
3.1.2 Explain the benefits of Using charts/pictures discuss the Trainees find out more
Benefits of the network Model benefits of the network model
the network Model The benefits of the network model about network models
include:
Simple Concept: Similar to the

hierarchical model, this model is simple
and the implementation is effortless.
Ability to Manage More Relationship

Types: The network model has the ability
to manage one-to-one (1:1) as well as
many-to-many (N: N) relationships.
118
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 5
NETWORK MODELS Easy Access to Data: Accessing the data
is simpler when compared to the
hierarchical model.
Data Integrity: In a network model,

there's always a connection between the
parent and the child segments because it
depends on the parent-child relationship.
Data Independence: Data independence

is better in network models as opposed to
the hierarchical models.
Layers of the OSI Model Using charts/pictures discuss the Trainees find out more
3.1.3 Identify the layers of
The OSI model takes the task of layers of the OSI model with about the layers of the
OSI model trainees
internetworking and divides that up into OSI model
what is referred to as a vertical stack that
consists of the following 7 layers.
 Physical (Layer 1)
 Data Link (Layer 2)
 Network (Layer 3)
 Transport (Layer 4)
 Session (Layer 5)
 Presentation (Layer 6)
 Application (Layer 7)
3.1.4 Explain the functions of Functions of the layers of the OSI Group trainees to discuss the
the OSI model functions of the layers of the OSI Trainees explain
model
model functions of the layers of
the OSI model
Physical (Layer 1)
OSI Model, Layer 1 conveys the bit
stream - electrical impulse, light or radio
signal — through the network at the
electrical and mechanical level.
119
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 5
NETWORK MODELS Functions of the layers of the OSI
model
Data Link (Layer 2)

At OSI Model, Layer 2, data packets are
encoded and decoded into bits. It
furnishes transmission protocol
knowledge and management and handles
errors in the physical layer, flow control
and frame synchronization.
Network (Layer 3)
Layer 3 provides switching and routing
technologies, creating logical paths,
known as virtual circuits, for transmitting
data from node to node.
Transport (Layer 4)
OSI Model, Layer 4, provides transparent
transfer of data between end systems, or
hosts, and is responsible for end-to-end
error recovery and flow control. It ensures
complete data transfer.
Session (Layer 5)
This layer establishes, manages and
terminates connections between
applications. The session layer sets up,
coordinates, and terminates conversations,
exchanges, and dialogues between the
applications at each end.
120
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 5
NETWORK MODELS Functions of the layers of the OSI
model
Presentation (Layer 6)
This layer provides independence from
differences in data representation (e.g.,
encryption) by translating from
application to network format, and vice
versa
Application (Layer 7)
OSI Model, Layer 7, supports application
and end-user processes. Communication
partners are identified, quality of service
is identified, user authentication and
privacy are considered, and any
constraints on data syntax are identified.
3.1.5 State the examples of Examples of layers of the OSI model Group trainees to discuss the Trainees find out more
the various layers of the Layer 1 Physical examples include examples of the layers of the OSI about the examples of
OSI model Ethernet, FDDI, B8ZS, V.35, V.24, and model the layers of the OSI
RJ45. model
Layer 2 Data Link examples include

PPP, FDDI, ATM, and IEEE 802.5 /
802.2, IEEE 802.3/802.2, HDLC, and
Frame Relay.
Layer 3 Network examples include

AppleTalk DDP, IP, IPX.
Layer 4 Transport examples include

SPX, TCP, UDP.
Layer 5 Session examples include NFS,

NetBios names, RPC, SQL.
121
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 5
NETWORK MODELS Examples of layers of the OSI model
Layer 6 Presentation examples include

encryption, ASCII, EBCDIC, TIFF, GIF,
PICT, JPEG, MPEG, MIDI
Layer 7 Application examples include

WWW browsers, NFS, SNMP, Telnet,
HTTP, FTP
122
Section 4: Computer Network 2: Local Area Network (LAN)

1. Understand Local Area Network (LAN)
2. Understand Wireless Networking.

ACTIVITIES

INTRODUCTION TO LAN
Local Area Network (LAN)
4.1.1 Define Local Area A local area network (LAN) is a group of Group trainees and assist them to Trainees to find out more
Network (LAN) computers and associated devices that brainstorm to come out with the
about the meaning of
share a common communications line or meaning of LAN
LAN
wireless link to a server. Typically, a
LAN encompasses computers and
peripherals connected to a server within a
small geographic area such as an office
building or home. Computers and other
mobile devices can share resources such
as a printer or network storage.
4.1.2 Outline the Characteristics of a LAN Using real objects/charts/pictures, Trainees to prepare notes
characteristics of LAN Characteristics of a LAN include: discuss the characteristics of LAN on the characteristics of
 Networking limited to a small LAN
geographical area (less than 1km
radius)
 High speed data transfer rates
 Full time connectivity to local services
 Generally lower in cost than a WAN
 Cabling is primary transmission
medium
 Data error rate is very less since data is
transferred to limited distance.
 Managing local area networks is easy
as only a single technology and
symmetrical topology is used.
 Only limited number of computers
connected in a LAN network.
123
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 CONTD The trainee will be able to:  Types of data supported are tailored to
INTRODUCTION TO LAN the application.
4.1.3 Identify the hardware Hardware Components of LAN Using real objects/charts/pictures Trainees to list the
show hardware components of
components of LAN The hardware components of a LAN hardware components of
LAN
consist of: LAN
 Communication Media
 Network Interface Card (NIC)
 Bridge
 Router
 Gateway
4.1.4 State the functions of Function of the hardware components Group trainees to discuss the
of LAN Trainees find out more
the hardware functions of the hardware
Communication Media about functions of the
components of LAN components of LAN
Communication media is used to transfer hardware components of
data from one computer to another LAN
computer. Low-cost LANs are connected
with twisted wire pair. Many LANs use
coaxial or fiber-optic cables. Some LANs
use wireless transmission media instead of
cable
Network Interface Card (NIC)

NIC stands for network interface card. It
is also known as network adapter. A
network interface card is a device that
physically connects each computer to a
networks
124
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 CONTD The trainee will be able to: Bridge

INTRODUCTION TO LAN Bridge is a device that connects two
network segments. It is used to connect
similar types of networks.
Router
A router is a device that connects multiple
networks using similar or different
protocols.
Gateway
Gateway is a device that connects two or
more networks with different types of
protocols.
UNIT 2
WIRELESS
NETWORKING 4.2.1 Define wireless LAN Wireless Local Area Network Trainees research into
A communications network that provides Group trainees to brainstorm to the meaning of wireless
come out with the meaning of
connectivity to wireless devices within a LAN
wireless LAN
limited geographic area. "Wi-Fi" is the
universal standard for wireless networks
and is the wireless equivalent of wired
Ethernet networks.
4.2.2 Identify the Hardware Hardware components of the wireless Using real objects/charts/pictures, Trainees prepare charts
components of the LAN show hardware components of on components of the
wireless LAN  Wireless network cards wireless LAN to trainees wireless LAN
 access points or Wireless Router
 Wireless bridges
 Broadband Modem
125
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 CONTD
WIRELESS
NETWORKING 4.2.3 State the advantages Advantages of wireless networks: Discuss the advantage and Trainees to search for
and Disadvantages of Mobility: With a laptop computer or disadvantages of wireless LAN more on advantage and
Wireless LAN mobile device, access can be available disadvantages of
throughout a school, at the mall, on an wireless LAN
airplane
Fast setup: If your computer has a

wireless adapter, locating a wireless
network can be as simple as clicking
“Connect to a Network” — in some cases;
you will connect automatically to
networks within range.
Cost: Setting up a wireless network can

be much more cost effective than buying
and installing cables.
Expandability: Adding new computers to

a wireless network is as easy as turning
the computer on (as long as you do not
exceed the maximum number of devices).
Disadvantages of wireless networks:

Security: Wireless networks are much
more susceptible to unauthorized use.
Interference: Because wireless networks

use radio signals and similar techniques
for transmission, they are susceptible to
interference from lights and electronic
devices.
126
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 CONTD
WIRELESS Inconsistent connections: Because of the
NETWORKING interference caused by electrical devices
and/or items blocking the path of
transmission, wireless connections are not
nearly as stable as those through a
dedicated cable.
Power consumption: The wireless

transmitter in a laptop requires a
significant amount of power; therefore,
the battery life of laptops can be adversely
impacted.
Speed: The transmission speed of

wireless networks is improving; however,
faster options (such as gigabit Ethernet)
are available via cables.
127
Section 5: Network Operating System and Protocols

1. Understand Network Operating System
2. Understand internet protocols

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO Trainee will be able to:
NETWORK OPERATING
SYSTEM 6.1.1 Explain Network Network Operating System Group trainees to discuss network Trainees to find out more
Operating Systems Network operating systems (NOS) operating system about the network
coordinate the activities of multiple operating system
computers across a network. The network
operating system acts as a director to keep
the network running smoothly.
6.1.2 Identify types of Types of Network Operating Systems Trainees prepare charts
Using charts show types of
Network Operating  Macintosh OS X network operating systems to and discuss in class
Systems  Microsoft Windows Server trainees
 UNIX/Linux
6.1.3 Differentiate between Macintosh OS X

the various Network Mac OS is the computer operating system Using charts group trainees to Trainees prepare charts
Operating Systems for Apple Computer's Macintosh line of discuss the differences in the on the differences and
personal computers and workstations. various network operating system discuss in class
Microsoft Windows Server

Windows Server is a brand name for a
group of server operating systems
released by Microsoft. It includes all
Windows operating systems branded
"Windows Server", but not any other
Microsoft product.
128
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 CONTD
INTRODUCTION TO UNIX
NETWORK OPERATING Unix is an operating system that
SYSTEM originated at Bell Labs in 1969 as an
interactive time-sharing system. Unix
became the first operating system written
in the C language. Unix has evolved as a
kind of large freeware product, with many
extensions and new ideas provided in a
variety of versions of Unix by different
companies, universities, and individuals.
Linux
Linux is, in simplest terms, an operating
system. It is the software on a computer
that enables applications and the computer
operator to access the devices on the
computer to perform desired functions.
The operating system (OS) relays
instructions from an application.
6.1.4 State the advantages Advantages of Mac OS Using charts, discuss the Trainees to find out more
and disadvantages of Security advantages and disadvantages of about the advantages and
the various Networking Mac OS is a two-layered system: the the various network Operating disadvantages and
Operating systems attractive GUI sits atop a Unix core, and Systems discuss in class
Unix is best-known for its security
features.
Reliability
Because OS X was designed from scratch
from the ground up, Mac OS is incredibly
stable.
129
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 CONTD
INTRODUCTION TO Ease of Use
NETWORK OPERATING Apple's known for hiring the best
SYSTEM industrial and interface designers around,
and it shows in the intuitive nature of the
GUI. I don't mean to sound like I'm
verging into fangirl territory here; it's just
true. Like the OS's reliability, the OS's
functionality is designed to just work.
Mac OS Can Run Windows at the

Same Time
Mac OS runs on Intel chips, which means
you can run XP or Vista concurrently with
Mac OS, with Boot Camp or Parallels
software.
Disadvantages of Mac OS
Price
Macs cost more than machines that run
other operating systems,
Gaming
If you're a computer gamer, Mac OS isn't
going to do it for you. Boot Camp and
Parallels will allow you to run games
natively in Windows, but there may be a
performance hit. Some games are
produced for Mac OS, but the number is
very small.
Fewer Software Options

Highly specialized software can be
difficult to source for Mac OS, such as
industry-specific applications, and
businesses you work with may provide
files in one of the few non-Mac OS
formats left in the computer world, such
as Microsoft Publisher.
130
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 CONTD
NETWORK OPERATING
SYSTEM 6.1.5 Demonstrate the Procedure for installing windows server
procedure for installing 2008 Demonstrate the procedure for Trainees to practice the
Once the above discussed minimum installing windows server 2008
windows server 2008 procedures
and assist trainees to practice
system requirements are met,
administrators must follow the steps given
below to install Windows Server 2008
1. Power on the computer on which
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 is to
be installed.
2. Enter into the BIOS setup to make the
computer boot from DVD.
3. Insert Microsoft Windows Server 2008
bootable installation media.
4. Once inserted, reboot the computer.
5. On the Install Windows screen, click
Next.
6. Install Windows
7. On the next page, click Install now.
8. On Select the Operating System you
want to install page, from the
displayed Windows Server 2008
editions, select the appropriate edition
that is to be installed.
9. On the next page, type the 25-character
product key and click Next.
10. On Please read the License terms
page, check I accept the license terms
checkbox and click Next.
11. On Which type of installation do you
want page, click Custom (advanced).
12. On Where do you want to install
Windows page, ensure that the hard
disk drive on which Windows Server
2008 is to be installed is selected.
131
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 CONTD
INTRODUCTION TO Procedure for installing windows server
NETWORK 2008
OPERATING SYSTEM 13. Once selected, click Drive options
(advanced).
14. From the enabled options, click New to
create a new disk drive partition.
15. On the Size field, specify the size of the
new volume in MB.
16. From the enabled options, click New to
create a new disk drive partition.
17. On the Size field, specify the size of the
new volume in MB.
18. On the displayed Install Windows
message box, click OK.
19. Back on the same page, click to select the
hard disk drive partition (E.g. Disk 0
Partition 2, in this demonstration) where
Windows Server 2008 is to be installed
and click Next.
20. On the Installing Windows page, wait
till the Windows Server 2008 installed
and the computer get restarted.
Note: Do not press any key if the screen
displays the message, ‘Press any key to
boot from CD or DVD’ while computer
restarts for the first time, to resume the
installation process.
21. After second restart, on the displayed
screen, click OK to change the user
password before logging on for the first
time.
22. On the available fields, type and retype
the new password and press Enter
On the next confirmation screen, click
OK to log on to the Windows Server
2008 computer.
132
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 CONTD
NETWORK
OPERATING SYSTEM 6.1.6 Demonstrate how to Windows networking configuration Demonstrate how to configure Trainees practice how to
configure Windows To configure Secure Only dynamic DNS windows network Operation configure windows
updates in Windows Server 2008 R, System
Network Operating network Operating
System administrators must follow the steps given as System
below:
1. Log on to Windows Server 2008 R2 DNS
server computer with the domain admin
or enterprise admin account on which
‘Secure only’ dynamic updates are to be
configured.
2. On the desktop screen, click Start.
3. From the Start menu, go to
Administrator Tools > DNS.
4. On DNS Manager snap-in, from the
console tree in the left, double-click to
expand the DNS server name.
5. From the expanded list, double-click
Forward Lookup Zones.
6. From the displayed zones list, right-click
the DNS zone on which secure only
dynamic updates are to be configured.
7. From the displayed context menu, click
Properties.
8. On the zone’s properties box, make sure
that the General tab is selected.
9. On the selected tab, choose Secure only
option from the Dynamic updates drop-
down list. Note: Secure only option is
available only if the DNS zone is Active
Directory integrated
10. Click OK to apply the modified changes.
11. Close DNS Manager snap-in when done.
133
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 CONTD
NETWORK
OPERATING SYSTEM 6.1.7 Explain Infrastructure Infrastructure Upgrades, Network Design
Upgrades, Network and Implementation Discuss infrastructure upgrades, Trainees to find out more
network designs and
Design and  Evaluate and review your existing about infrastructure
implementation
Implementation network infrastructure upgrades, network
 Research and determine your needs for designs and
computer equipment and software implementation and
 Provide recommendations for exact discuss in class
products to be ordered and relevant
vendors
 Develop a network design and
implementation plan
 Configure, install and test new servers
and firewalls
 Install operating systems and network
services
 Install new network equipment and
software
 Retire old system hardware and software
 Provide post-upgrade support to verify
network functionality and ensure a
smooth system transition
134
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2
INTERNET
APPLICATIONS & 6.2.1 Define network Network Protocol
PROTOCOLS A set of rules and conventions for Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees to read further
protocols come out with the meaning of
communication between network devices. on the meaning of
network protocols
Protocols for computer networking all network protocols
generally use packet switching techniques
to send and receive messages in the form
of packets.
Network protocols
6.2.2 Identify types of Using charts/pictures show types
FTP – File Transfer Protocol Trainees prepare charts
network protocols SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol of network protocols to trainees on types of network
TCP – Transmission Control Protocol protocols and discuss in
HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol class
POP3 – Post Office Protocol
IP – Internet Protocol
UDP – User Datagram Protocol
Telnet
FTP – File Transfer Protocol
DNS – Domain Name Service
DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol
6.2.3 State the functions of Functions of the network Protocols Discuss the functions of the Trainees find out more
the various network various types of network about functions of the
File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Allows
protocols with trainees various types of network
protocols file transfer between two computers with
login required protocols
Dynamic host configuration protocol

(DHCP) is a method of assigning and
controlling the IP addresses of computers
on a given network
135
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 CONT’D
INTERNET Functions of the network Protocols
APPLICATIONS & Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is
PROTOCOLS a reliable connection oriented protocol
used to control the management of
application level services between
computers.
Domain Name System (DNS) is a system

used on the Internet for translating names
of domains and their publicly advertised
network nodes into IP addresses.
Terminal emulation (Telnet) provides

the capability to remotely access another
computer. It enables a user to log in to an
Internet host and execute commands. A
Telnet client is referred to as a local host.
A Telnet server is referred to as a remote
host.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one

of the core members of the Internet
Protocol Suite, the set of network
protocols used for the Internet
Internet Protocol (IP) is a data-oriented

protocol used by source and destination
hosts for communicating data across a
packet-switched internetwork.
Post Office Protocol (POP3) is a simple,

standardized application-layer protocol
used for retrieving incoming email from a
remote mail server over a TCP/IP
connection and saving to a local device
136
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 CONTD
INTERNET
APPLICATIONS & Functions of the network Protocols
PROTOCOLS
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
administers the transmission of e-mail
over computer networks. It does not
provide support for transmission of data
other than plaintext.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

works with the World Wide Web, which
is the fastest growing and most used part
of the Internet.
Trainees to read further
6.2.4 Identify the TCP/IP TCP/IP layers Using charts/pictures show the on TCP/IP layers
TCP/IP layers to trainees
layers  Application
 Transport
 Internet
 Network Access
6.2.5 Explain the Functions Functions of the TCP/IP layers Discuss the functions of the Trainees prepare notes
TCP/IP layers with trainees on functions of TCP/IP
of the TCP/IP layers
Application Layer layers and discuss in
The application layer is concerned with class
providing network services to
applications.
There are many application network
processes and protocols that work at this
layer, including Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP), Simple Mail Transport
Protocol (SMTP) and File Transfer
Protocol (FTP).
137
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 CONT’D
INTRODUCTION TO Transport Layer
INTERNET This layer is concerned with the
APPLICATIONS & transmission of the data. The two main
PROTOCOLS protocols that operate at this layer are
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and
User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
The Internet Layer

This is the layer that contains the packet
construct that will be transmitted. This
takes the form of the Internet Protocol
(IP) which describes a packet that
contains a source IP Address, destination
IP Address and the actual data to be
delivered.
Network Access Layer

This is the lowest level of the TCP/IP
protocol stack and functions carried out
here include encapsulation of IP packets
into frames for transmission, mapping IP
addresses to physical hardware addresses
(MAC Addresses) and the use of
protocols for the physical transmission of
data.
138
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 CONT’D
INTERNET
APPLICATIONS & 6.2.6 Identify the classes of Classes of IPv4 addresses
Using charts/models/real objects
PROTOCOLS IPv4 addresses  Class A show classes of IPv4 addresses to
Trainees to prepare
 Class B charts on classes of IPv4
trainees
 Class C addresses
 Class D
 Class E
6.2.7 Define Telnet Telnet

Group trainees to brainstorm to Trainees read further on
Terminal emulation protocol that enables come out with the meaning of Telnet
an internet user to log on to a remote Telnet
computer or network and use it as if it
were under his or her direct control.
Trainees to find out more
6.2.8 Explain Domain Name Domain Name Service (DNS) Discuss Domain Name Service
(DNS) with trainees about DNS
Service (DNS) Domain Name System, a system for
naming computers and network services
that is organized into a hierarchy of
domains. DNS naming is used in TCP/IP
networks, such as the Internet, to locate
computers and services through user-
friendly names.
139
Section 6: Router Configuration and VLAN

1. Understand Router Configuration
2. Understand VLANs

ACTIVITIES

ROUTER
CONFIGURATION 6.1.1 Explain the functions of Function of a router Discuss the functions of a router Trainees find out more
a router A router is able to both send and receive with trainees about functions of a
packets of information from computer router and discuss in
networks. If a person is connected to the class
Internet via an ISP, or Internet service
provider, the router obtains packets from
the personal computer, before sending
them to the Internet using the ISP's
modem. The response, which is typically
a Web page or other information from a
queried address, returns to the router,
which is then relayed back to the user's
computer
6.1.2 Explain the purpose of Purpose of a Gateway Discuss the purpose of gateway Trainees prepare notes
a gateway A gateway is a network point that acts as with trainees on the purpose of
an entrance to another network. On the gateway and discuss in
Internet, a node or stopping point can be class
either a gateway node or a host (end-
point) node. Both the computers of
Internet users and the computers that
serve pages to users are host nodes.
140
ACTIVITIES

ROUTER
CONFIGURATION 6.1.3 Demonstrate the steps Steps for configuring a router Group trainees to demonstrate the Trainees to practice
for configuring a router To configure these info, the general idea steps for configuring a router steps
is to do the following.
1. To make sure the router is working as
expected, there might be a need to set
several things such as set the router to
do IP routing and to keep the
manufacturer's suggested settings
2. Enter the interface configuration mode
3. Type in the interface IP address and
subnet mask
4. Issue "no shutdown" command to
bring up the interface
5. Exit the interface configuration mode
to global configuration mode
6. On the global configuration mode,
enter the default gateway.
7. Save the configuration
UNIT 2
VLANs The trainee will be able to:
6.2.1 Identify types of Types of VLANs

Using charts/pictures show types of Trainees prepare notes
VLANs  Default
VLANs to trainees on types of VLANs and
 Data discuss in class
 Native
 Voice
 Management
6.2.2 Describe the features of Features of VLANs

Using charts/pictures discuss the Trainees to read further
VLANs Default VLANs:
features of VLANs on features of VLANs
This is where ALL ports fit in to by
defaulting, this is strictly VLAN 1, & it
cannot remove from the switch. On
several (old) Catalyst switches, you
cannot smooth forbid VLAN 1 from stem
ports.
141
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 CONTD
VLANs The trainee will be able to:
Data VLAN
This is the ‘normal’ VLAN where the
interchange approved and where the
consumer data leave during the LAN.
Native VLAN
A native VLAN is assigned to an 802.1Q
trunk port. Trunk ports are the links
between switches that support the
transmission of traffic associated with
more than one VLAN.
Voice VLAN
The voice VLAN is where the QoS
strategies function in order to emphasize
this traffic to drive it throughout the LAN.
The voice traffic forever illustrious from
the data passage on the LAN.
Management VLAN
A management VLAN is any VLAN
configured to access the management
capabilities of a switch. VLAN 1 is the
management VLAN by default. To create
the management VLAN, the switch virtual
interface (SVI) of that VLAN is assigned
an IP address and subnet mask, allowing
the switch to be managed via HTTP,
Telnet, SSH, or SNMP.
6.2.3 State ways for Ways for establishing VLAN Group trainees to demonstrate Trainees to practice
establishing VLAN membership ways of establishing VLAN
membership The two common approaches to assigning membership
VLAN membership are as follows:
 Static VLANs
 Dynamic VLANs
142
Section 7: Network management and Security and Troubleshooting

1. Understand Network management
2. Understand Network Security
3. Understand Network Troubleshooting

ACTIVITIES

NETWORK
MANAGEMENT 7.1.1 Explain Network Network management Group trainees to discuss network Trainees find out more
management Network management refers to the broad management about network
subject of managing computer networks. management
There exists a wide variety of software
and hardware products that help network
system administrators manage a network.
Network management systems Using charts/models show network Trainees list four (4)
7.1.2 Identify Network  Network device discovery management systems to trainees network management
management system Identifying what devices are present on systems.
a network.
 Network device monitoring

Monitoring at the device level to
determine the health of network
components and the extent to which
their performance matches capacity
plans and intra-enterprise service-level
agreements (SLAs).
 Network performance analysis

tracking performance indicators such
as bandwidth utilization, packet loss,
latency, availability and uptime of
routers, switches and other Simple
Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) -enabled devices.
143
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 The trainee will be able to:  Intelligent notifications

NETWORK Configurable alerts that will respond to
MANAGEMENT specific network scenarios by paging,
emailing, calling or texting a network
administrator.
7.1.3 Identify the SNMP Discuss SNMP tools for network Trainees prepare notes
SNMP tools for network management on SNMP tools for
tools for network management. Use charts to facilitate
Simple Network Management Protocol understanding network management
management (SNMP) is an Internet-standard protocol and discuss in class
for collecting and organizing information
about managed devices on IP networks
and for modifying that information to
change device behavior. Devices that
typically support SNMP include routers,
switches, servers, workstations, printers,
modem racks and more
7.1.4 State the advantages of Advantages of using Power over Discuss the advantages of using
using Power over Trainees find out more
Ethernet (PoE) Power over the Ethernet
Ethernet about advantages of
Cost savings using Power over
PoE significantly reduces the need for Ethernet
electricians to install conduit, electrical
wiring, and outlets throughout the
enterprise. With PoE only one cable a
simple CAT-5 Ethernet is required.
Flexibility
A PoE appliance or device can be located
anywhere without the need for AC outlets.
For example, wireless LAN access points
can be located and relocated on or near
ceilings, to fine tune optimum RF
reception.
Reliability
Because PoE networks have fewer wires,
there is less likelihood of an inadvertent
power disruption (accidental shut off, etc).
144
ACTIVITIES

NETWORK
MANAGEMENT Network Control
Using SNMP, network administrators can
monitor and control powered devices,
including resetting or shut-off. This
allows increased security, as devices can
be powered down when not in use, or if
there is unauthorized access.
Safety
Power mains are eliminated. Since only
48v DC is used, PoE conforms to
Underwriter's Laboratories (UL) Safety
Extra Low Voltage (SELV) classification.

NETWORK SECURITY
7.2.1 Explain Network Network Security Discuss network security with Trainees to prepare notes
Security Network Security is the process of taking trainees on network security and
physical and software preventative discuss in class
measures to protect the underlying
networking infrastructure from
unauthorized access, misuse, malfunction,
modification, destruction, or improper
disclosure, thereby creating a secure
platform for computers, users and
programs to perform
7.2.2 Explain goals of Goals of network security Group trainees to discuss goals of Trainees to state goals of
network security  Confidentiality network security network security
 Integrity
 Availability
145
ACTIVITIES

NETWORK SECURITY
7.2.3 Apply the goals of Network Security Group trainees to demonstrate to Trainees state three (3)
network security Confidentiality demonstrate the application of the goals of network security
Data confidentiality implies keeping data goals of network security
private. This privacy could entail
physically or logically restricting access
to sensitive data or encrypting traffic
traversing a network.
Integrity
Data integrity ensures that data has not
been modified in transit. Also, a data
integrity solution might perform origin
authentication to verify that traffic is
originating from the source that should be
sending it.
Availability
The availability of data is a measure of the
data’s accessibility. For example, if a
server were down only five minutes per
year, it would have an availability of
99.999 percent (that is, “five nines” of
availability)
146
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 2
NETWORK SECURITY 7.2.4 Demonstrate the best Best Practices for Network Security Group trainees to demonstrate the Trainees list five (5) best
practices for network Well thought out security policies can best practices for network security practices for network
security significantly increase the security of a security
network. While policies can be both
complex and cumbersome or basic and
straight forward, it is often the simple
aspects that prove most useful. Consider
the combination of a centrally managed
anti-virus update system and a host
scanner to detect new or out of date
systems.
The following would typically be part of
an enterprise network security policy:
 Firewalls at all public-private network
transit points
 Version controlled and centrally
deployed firewall rule sets
 External resources placed in dual
firewall, DMZ protected networks
 All network hosts lock down unneeded
network ports, turn off unneeded
services
 All network hosts include cent rally
managed anti-virus software
 All network hosts utilize central
security updates
 Secure central authentication such as
 Radius, Windows/Kerberos/Active
Directory
 Centrally managed user management
with password policy (i.e. must change
every three months and must be
“secure password”
147
ACTIVITIES

NETWORK SECURITY  Proactive network scanning for new
hosts, out of date systems
 Network monitoring for suspicious
behaviour. Incident response
mechanisms (policies, manual,
automated, etc.)
7.2.5 Explain Firewall Firewall

Firewall is a protective system that lies, in Discuss firewall with trainees. Use Trainees prepare notes on
essence, between your computer network charts/pictures to facilitate firewalls and discuss in
and the Internet. When used correctly, a understanding class
firewall prevents unauthorized use and
access to your network.
7.2.6 State the importance The Importance Of Firewall Discuss the importance of firewall Trainees to find out more
of firewall The importance of a firewall is to with trainees about the importance of
carefully analyze data entering and exiting firewall
the network based on your configuration.
It ignores information that comes from
unsecured, unknown or suspicious
locations. A firewall plays an important
role on any network as it provides a
protective barrier against most forms of
attack coming from the outside world.
148
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 2
NETWORK SECURITY 7.2.7 State the purpose of a Network protocol analyzer
network protocol A network analyzer (also called a protocol Discuss the purpose of a network Prepare notes on purpose
analyzer analyzer or packet analyzer) is a protocol analyzer with trainees of a network protocol
combination of hardware and analyzer
programming, or in some cases a stand-
alone hardware device, that can be
installed in a computer or network to
enhance protection against malicious
activity. Network analyzers can
supplement firewalls, anti-virus programs,
and spyware detection programs.

NETWORK
7.3.1 Use the FTP Uses FTP
TROUBLESHOOTING
 Most web hosting services provide Demonstrate how to use the FTP Trainees to state five (5)
FTP access to their customers to allow procedures for using the
them to upload the contents of their FTP
web sites.
 Companies often have FTP servers that
allow users to send and receive files.
 Most universities have FTP servers
that allow their students to download
course materials and upload
assignments for submission.
 Use FTP to transfer files among users,
especially if the files are too large to
attach to an email.
 Use FTP to browse through a
collection of downloadable files on a
public software archive.
149
Section 8: Web Page Designing
General Objectives: The trainees will:

1. Design a personal website using a coding language (HTML)

ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO The Trainee will be able to:
HTML
Trainees find out more
8.1.1 Explain the term HTML Group trainees and discuss the
about HTML
HTML. HTML is a markup language for term HTML
describing web documents (web pages).
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup
Language. A markup language is a set of
markup tags. HTML documents are
described by HTML tags. Each HTML
tag describes different document content.
Trainees find out more
8.1.2 Identify the basic Basic structure of HTML coding Using charts discuss the structure
about the structure of
structure of HTML Basic Structure of HTML
HTML coding
coding. <html>
<head>
<title> < title >
<head>
<Body>
</Body>
</html>
UNIT 2 The Trainee will be able to:

BASIC HTML TAGS
8.2.1 Use basic HTML tags. Basic HTML Tags e.g Demonstrate the use of HTML Trainees find out more
<br> -line break </br> tags about the use of HTML
<b> bold </b> tags
<u> underline </u>
<i> italics </i>
<hr>-Horizontal rule/line </hr>
<p>-paragraphs </
150
ACTIVITIES
The Trainee will be able to:

Best Practices in Website Designing.
8.2.3 Explain some best  Thorough Planning (on paper)
practices in website  Choice of colours Demonstrate the best practices in Trainees to list three (3)
designing  Using images in website development website designing. Invite an expert practices in website
to assist designing
UNIT 3 Creating Tables Using HTML
DESIGNING A WEBSITE 8.3.1 create Tables using Code
USING HTML HTML code table> Assist trainees to create a table Trainees to practice
<tr> using HTML code
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
8.3.2 Format tables Formatting Table Using HTML
(width, height, cell  Width
padding, and Code
boarder). Assist trainees to format tables in Trainee practice how to
<table width=”300”> groups. You may organize a visit format cell. Trainees to
(the table width in the example above is for trainees to and industry write a report after the
300) industrial visit and
 Height discuss in class
Code
<table height=”300”>
 Cell padding
Code
<table cell padding=”3”>
Boarder
Code <table border=”3”>
Example of a Table Created Using
HTML
<table> <table height=”300”width=”300”
border=”2” cell padding="3">
<tr>
<td width=”210”>A</td>
<td width=”45>B</td>
<td width=”45>C</td>
</tr>
</table>
151
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3
DESIGNING A WEBSITE The Trainee will be able to:
USING HTML
8.3.3 Insert text into table. Inserting Text into Table Assist trainees to insert texts and Trainees write the
<table> tables procedure for inserting
<table height=”300” width=”300” text and tables
border=”2” cell padding="3">
<tr>
<td width=”210”>My personal website.
You are most welcome</td>
</tr>
</table>
8.3.4 Format text using Formatting Text Using HTML Code Group trainees and assist them to Trainees to practice
HTML code.  Heading format text using HTML code
<h1>Heading </h1>
<h2>Heading </h2>
<h3>Heading </h3>
<h4>Heading </h4>
<h5>Heading </h5>
<h6>Heading </h6>
 Colour
<font color="FF0000">
 Font size and face

<font size="3" face="sans-serif">
 Alignment
<p align="center">Aligning text to the
center</p>
152
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3
USING HTML
Example of text formatted using
HTML <html>
<head>
<title>Formatting Text</title>
</head>
<body>
<p align="center">Aligning text to the

center</p>
<font size="3">This line is shown in the
normal font.</font><br/>
<font size=+3>Up 3 to change the font
size to 6.</font><br/>
<font size="3" face="sans-serif">
Changing the font face</font><br/>

<font color="FF0000">Text color
changes to red.</font><br/>
</body>
</html>
8.3.5 Create an ordered and Preparing a List Using HTML Group trainees and assist them to Trainees to practice
unordered list.  Ordered list create an ordered and an
<html> unordered list
<head>
<title>Bulletin</title>
</head>
<h3>Learn about bulletin.</h3>
<Menu>
<li> Breakfast:Porridge</li>
<li> Lunch:Red Red</li>
<li> Super:Akple and okro soup</li>
</Menu>
153
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 3
USING HTML </body>
</html>
 Ordinary list
<html>
<head>
<title>Bulletin</title>
</head>
<h3>Learn about list.</h3>

<Menu>
<ul> Breakfast: Porridge</ul>
<ul> Lunch: Red Red</ul>
<ul> Super: Akple and Okro soup</ul>
</Menu>
</body>
</html>
8.3.6 Insert images. Inserting images

<img src="mypicture.gif" /> Group trainees to demonstrate Trainees practice how to
Note: image to be inserted should be in how to insert images insert images
the same folder together with the other
files associated with the website
8.3.7 Insert hyperlinks. Hyperlinks <a href="skoool.com.gh> Group trainees to demonstrate Trainees to practice how
how to insert hyperlinks to insert hyperlinks
Note: skoool.com.gh is the name of the
website being linked.
154
YEAR ONE
Section 9: The concept of Entrepreneurship
General objectives:The trainee will:

1. Understand the general concept of entrepreneurship
2. Understand work and employment
3. Understand the wage and self-employment
TEACHING/LEARNING
UNIT/TOPIC SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT EVALUATION
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1.0 The trainees will be able to:

CONCEPT OF
ENTREPRENEURSHIP 9.1.1 Explain the term Entrepreneurship Trainees to brainstorm in groups Project
entrepreneur Entrepreneurship is a process of taking to come out with a definition of Trainees to look for
risk to start a business through creative entrepreneurship entrepreneurs in their
and innovative means. locality
9.1.2 Identify an entrepreneur An entrepreneur is a person who takes Trainees to brainstorm about who Prepare a list of
the risk to start business through creative an entrepreneur is entrepreneurs identified
and innovative process e.g packaging in their locality
koko to make it a presentable and
attractive product to increase demand.
Individual Reasons: Using charts, assist trainees to

a) Enhances creativity and innovation come out with reasons for
b) Builds self-confidence entrepreneurship
c) Enhances individual income
d) Creates after retirement value
9.1.3 State reasons for Reasons to a Nation

entrepreneurship a) Job creation
b) Increase employment
c) Diversify the economy. E.g non-
traditional export
d) Foreign exchange earning
e) Increase state revenue
155
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
The trainees will be able to:
9.1.4 identify the Characteristics of The Entrepreneur Group Trainees to discuss the Project
characteristics of the a) Goal setting characteristics of the Trainees to interview
entrepreneur b) Risk taking entrepreneur and relate it to identified entrepreneurs
c) Networking business growth. in their locality and write
d) Commitment to work report on their
e) Hardworking Trainees to brainstorm how characteristics
f) Persistence etc the entrepreneur
characteristics influence:
a) Achieving business goals
b) Business efficiency
Trainees will be able to:

UNIT 2.0 Trainees to find out more
WORK AND 9.2.1 Explain the link between Employment Using charts, trainees to are about wage and self-
EMPLOYMENT work and employment Working for a living to brainstorm about the link employment
Work is any economic activity which is between work and employment
legitimate and accepted by society
Types of work Using charts, show the types Trainees to prepare

a) working for government of work charts on types of work
b) working for private person
c) working for self
9.2.2 identify types of Types of Employment Using charts, show the types Trainees to find out more
employment Wage employment of employment about employment
a) Fixed salary
b) Less risk
c) Decision is taking by authority
d) Fixed work roles Trainees to prepare
Group Trainees to discuss the charts on to aid
9.2.3 State the advantages Self-Employment advantages and disadvantages discussion on the
and disadvantages of a) Earn good income after retirement of wage and self-employment advantages and
wage and self- b) Takes own decisions disadvantages of wage
employment c) Stressful Use charts to emphasis and self-employment
d) Enhances creativity discussion
156
Section 10: Small and medium enterprise
General objective: the trainee will

1. Understand the general concept of business
2. Understand small business
3. Understand the role of small business in national development
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
Trainees will be able to:

Unit 1: Business
Enterprises 10.1.1 identify micro, small Business
and medium scale Businesses are defined based on number of Assist Trainees to visit micro, Write a report and
enterprises (SME’s) employees and the capital employed small and medium businesses discuss in Class after
National Board for Small Scale Industries in their locality visit
definition of SME’s
Micro employs 1-5 people with a capital of
up to Gh¢10,0000
Small Enterprise
employs 6-29 with a capital up to
Gh¢100000
Medium employs 30-99
Group Trainees to discuss the Write a report and
10.1.2 Explain the role of Role of SME’s contributions of SME’s to the discuss in class after the
SME’s in national They serve as training ground for school country visit
development leavers
They make use of local resources
They help diversify the country’s economy
They earn foreign exchange for the country
Assign Trainees to interview Prepare charts on
10.1.3 Explain the challenges Challenges Facing SME’s small business owners about challenges facing SME’s
facing SME’s Difficulty in raising funds their challenges
Difficulties in getting market for their
products
Low managerial skills
Low technology
157
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 Trainees will be able to:

BUSINESS
STAKEHOLDERS 10.2.1 Identify stakeholders in Stakeholders in entrepreneurship Group Trainees to discuss the Trainees to find out
entrepreneurship a) Government role of stakeholders in more about the role of
b) Financial institutions entrepreneurship stakeholders in
c) Society entrepreneurship
10.2.2 Describe the roles of Roles of stakeholders Discuss the role of stakeholders Trainees to prepare
stakeholders in business government charts on the roles of
financial institutions stakeholders
customers
suppliers
158
Section 11: Starting a New Business
General objective: the trainee will

1. understand the process of starting business
2. Understand specific actions leading to self-employment
3. Establish a successful business
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
STARTING SMALL 11.1.1 Identify the sources of Steps involved in starting a business Guide trainees to discuss ways Prepare chart on steps
BUSINESSES ideas to start business a) Opportunity identification of getting ideas to start a involve in starting a
b) Evaluation of the business opportunity business business
c) Organization of resources
d) Managing the business
Sources of ideas to do business

a) product attributes
b) (colour, size, texture, taste, thickness etc)
c) Reading business papers
d) Conversation
e) Visit
f) Work experience etc
11..2.2 Demonstrate how to Ways of evaluating a business idea Guide Trainees to demonstrate Find out more about
evaluate business idea how to start a new business ways and methods of
from any of the sources. evaluation
11.2.3 Identify resources Resources:

needed to start a new Capital e.g. land, tools, building/kiosk, Using charts, show trainees the Find out about what to
business machines, raw materials, personal capacity resources needed to start small consider before starting
etc. businesses in their course area. a new business
159
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 The trainees will be able to: Trainees to find out

BUSINESS more about how the
ENVIRONMENT 11.2.1 Describe business Business environment Trainees in groups to physical environment
environment Refers to all factors which influence business brainstorm internal and external affect business
operations. factors that affect the growth of regarding:
a business 1. Customers
Internal 2. labourers/workers
Strength and weakness of business
External
a) Government
b) Politics
c) Customers etc.
d) competition
e) environment
11.2.2 Identify business Business support institutions Invite resource persons from
support institutions National Board for Small Scale Industry business support institutions to Trainees to find out
(NBSSI) EMPRETEC foundation give talk on their roles more about support
Management Development and Productivity Institutions
Institute (MDPI) Technoseve etc.
Trainees to prepare
11.2.3 Explain the role of Support service notes from talk
business support Assist small businesses to raise capital Group trainees to discuss the
institutions Provide capacity building training for small role of business support
businesses institutions
Provide relevant information to small Trainees to prepare list
businesses of business Institutions
Provide consultancy service
160
Year 2
Section 12: Business Management
General Objective: the trainee will

1. Understand the general concept of management
2. Understand the role of an entrepreneur as a manager
3. Understand how managerial actions affect business growth
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

BASIC
MANAGEMENT 12.1.1 Explain management Management:
Management is the process of getting things Using a chart, group trainees to Trainees to find out
done through people discuss management more about
management in groups
12.1.2 Describe the elements Elements of management: and discuss in class.
of management a) Planning
b) Control
c) Organize
d) Direct
e) Communicate
f) coordinate
12.1.3 Describe how the Managers actions: Assist Trainees to discuss how Visit managers and
manager’s actions affect a) Aggressiveness the managers actions in relation discuss their actions
work efficiency b) Assertiveness to aggressiveness, assertiveness
c) Submissiveness and submissiveness affect work
efficiency

FORMS OF
BUSINESS 12.2.1 Identify forms of Forms of businesses Organize trainees to visit some Write a report after visit
businesses a) Sole proprietorship businesses and discuss in class
b) Partnership
c) Limited liability
d) cooperative
161
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 2 CONT’D Trainees will be able to:

FORMS OF
BUSINESS Forms of business ownership Guide Trainees to identify Design a logo for your
12.2.2 Describe the popular a) Sole proprietorship logos of businesses in their future businesses
forms of business b) Partnership locality
ownership c) Limited liability
d) Cooperative
Prepare charts on
Advantages of Sole Proprietor advantages and
12.2.3 Describe the advantages a) Owner takes all profit disadvantages of the
and disadvantages of b) Decision making is quick businesses
each form of business c) Owner is not accountable to anyone
ownership d) No formal procedure is needed to set up
sole proprietorship business
disadvantages
a) Owner bears all risk alone
b) It is stressful
c) Serious sickness or death of owner could
collapse business
d) Liability is unlimited

PARTNERSHIP
12.3.1 Explain partnership Partnership Group trainees to brainstorm on Find out more about
A business organization in which two or partnership Partnership
more individuals manage and operate the
business. Both owners are equally and
personally liable for the debts from the
business.
12.3.2 State the advantages Advantages Partnership

partnership a) Business can continue when owner dies or Group trainees to brainstorm on Explain why written
become seriously ill advantages of partnership agreement is important
b) There is increase in capital in partnership business
c) Business responsibility does not rest on
one person
d) Wider experience is brought to the
business
162
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

PARTNERSHIP
12.3.3 Explain disadvantages Disadvantages Partnership Group trainees to brainstorm on Explain why written
of partnership a) Decision making is delayed disadvantages of partnership agreement is important
b) Liability is unlimited in partnership business
c) Action of a partner is binding on the other
partner/s
Unit 4 Trainees will be able to:

LIMITED
LIABILITY 12.4.1 Explain limited liability Limited Liability Company Assist Trainees to brainstorm
BUSINESS business A type of business organization that offers advantages and disadvantages
the limited liability of a corporation and the of limited liability business
tax benefits of a partnership. The owners of
an LLC are referred to as "members", whose
rights and responsibilities in managing the
LLC are governed by an operating agreement
12.4.2 State the advantages Advantages

and disadvantages of a) Easy to raise funds through sale of shares Find out more about
limited liability b) Business benefit from expert ideas advantages and
business c) Transfer of shares by shareholder does not disadvantages of
affect the business Limited Liability
d) Liability is limited businesses
Disadvantages
a) There is double taxation
b) One has to go through formal procedure
to set up liability business
c) Business activities are published to the
public
163
Section 13: Records Keeping
General Objectives: the trainee will

1. Understand the general concept of record keeping
2. Know how to prepare format for records keeping
3. Know how to take records
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

RECORDING Records keeping: Organize trainees to visit an Trainees to write report
BUSINESS 13.1.1 Explain record keeping it is collection of and the storage of the day industry to find out how to in groups and discuss in
ACTIVITY to day activities of business record business activities class after visit
Reasons for keeping records in business: Trainees to find out

13.1.2 Explain the need for a) To know whether business is making basic records kept by
record keeping in profit or loss the entrepreneur
business b) To know whether someone is stealing the
business
c) To know whether business has the right
quantity of materials in stock
d) To know whether the right price is being
charged.
Basic records to be kept in business:

13.1.3 Describe the basic a) Cash receipts
records the entrepreneur b) Cash payment
need to keep in business c) Creditors records
d) Debtors records
e) Fixed assets records
f) Long term debts
Show samples of source Prepare charts on the
Source of documents: documents to Trainees features of the
13.1.4 Describe the source a) Invoice following:
documents used in b) Receipts a) Invoice
business record keeping c) Waybill b) Receipts
d) Cheque c) Waybill
e) Pay-in-slip d) Cheque and the
f) Material requisition e) Pay-in-slip
g) Payment voucher
164
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

RECORDING
BUSINESS 13.1.5 Describe the terms used Assist Trainees to discuss basic Prepare chart on the
ACTIVITY in business records Terms in basic records keeping: terms in business record following:
keeping a) Assets a) assets
b) Fixed assets b) fixed assets
c) Current assets c) current assets
d) Liabilities d) liabilities
e) Current liability e) current liability
f) Long term loan f) long term loan
g) Owners equity g) owners equity
h) Debit
i) Credit
The trainees will be able to:

UNIT 2
BUSINESS 13.2.1 Identify the main books Main books in business recordings Show main books used in Group trainees to go
RECORDING used in business a) Journal proper business recording through the books
BOOKS recordings b) Sales/purchase journal
c) Debtors/creditors journal
d) General ledger
e) Cash book
f) Return inwards
g) Return outwards
13.1.2 Apply the basic The golden rule Group trainees to demonstrate Make the ledger
principle in business a) Debit at left side the golden rule entries
recording b) Credit at right side a) 1/7 started business
c) Debit the receiver and credit the giver with Gh¢5000
d) Debit what is coming in and credit what b) 3/7 bought an old
is going out shop at Gh¢2000
c) 9/7 bought goods at
13.1.3 Make entries of Make entries into the journal, cashbook, and Assist trainees to make entries Gh¢1000
business transactions the ledger d) 10/7 cash sales at
Gh¢800
165
Section 14: Stocking
General Objective: The trainee will:

1. Understand the general effects on stocking
2. Develop skills for stocking materials
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

MATERIAL Material
STOCKING 14.1.1 Define material Any tangible or intangible resource used in Assist trainees to discuss Find out more about
production of goods and services material material
14.1.2 Classify materials Classification of materials Give samples of materials to Trainees to classify
a) Raw material Trainees to classify materials
b) Consumables
c) Components
d) Maintenance materials
14.1.3 Store materials Storage measures

a) Accommodation
b) Security
14.1.4 Examine the features of Features of tally card

tally card a) Business name
b) Material description
c) Maximum stock
d) Minimum stock
e) Date
f) In
g) Out
h) Balance
i) Remarks
14.1.5 Design store records Designing of store records Demonstrate how to design
store records Design a tally card
166
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1 CONT’D Trainees will be able to:

MATERIAL
STOCKING 14.1.6 Design store records Designing of store records Demonstrate how to design Design a tally card
store records
14.1.7 Use terms in material Terms used in material control Discuss terms Find out more on terns
control a) Overstocking used in material control
b) Understocking
c) Maximum stock level
d) Minimum stock level
e) Re-order level
f) Economic order quantity
g) Re-order quantity
Group trainees to discuss Find out more about
14.1.7 Explain overstocking Overstocking overstocking and understocking overstocking and
and under stocking More materials above what is needed understocking
Under stocking
Material level below what is needed
14.1.8 Describe the effects of Effects of overstocking Group trainees to discuss the Find out the effects of
overstocking and under a) More storage facility effects of overstocking overstocking and under
stocking on business b) Increase rent cost stocking
c) High pilfering
d) Deterioration
Effects of understocking Group trainees to discuss the Prepare charts on the

a) Pay workers for no work done effects of understocking effects of overstocking
b) Loss of sales and understocking on
c) Loss of goodwill businesses
d) Panic buying
167
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

UNIT 2 Re-order
level
MATERIAL 14.2.1 Compute the following: Assist Trainees to work on a Trainees to practice
a) Re-order level Maximum usage ×maximum lead time stocking problem using the how to work on
CONTROL
b) Minimum level minimum maximum and the re- stocking problems
c) Maximum stock level Minimum stock level
Re-order level-average usage in average lead order level formulas
time
Maximum stock level

Reorder level+EOQ-minimum usage in
minimum lead time
14.2.2 Evaluate stock Methods of stock evaluation

a) Fifo Demonstrate the various
b) Lifo methods of stock evaluation.
14.2.3 Describe merits and Merits of Fifo

demerits of each a) Simple to use Discuss merits and demerits of
method b) Does not need much computation each method Prepare charts on merits
c) It is generally accepted method and demerits of each
d) It follows logic method
Demerits of Fifo
a) Artificial profits may be shown
b) Issue prices are not current
c) Cost may be understated
Merits of Lifo
a) It is simple
b) Does not have to trace past prices
c) No special training required
d) Computation is not complex
Demerits of Demerits
a) It is deceptive
b) Cost prices may be overstated in constant
prices
c) It involves a lot of clerical work
168
Section15: Business Financing

1. Understand the general concept of business financing
2. Understand the concept of raising funding for business
3. Understand the specific requirement for raising funding from financial institutions
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

RAISING FUNDING
FOR BUSINESS 15.1.1 Identify types of Types of business financing Using charts show types of Find out more about
business financing a) Equity financing business financing to trainees business financial
b) Debt financing Institutions
15.1.2 Identify the sources of Equity financing: Visit some financial Institutions Write a report after visit
finance a) Personal savings
b) Friends and relations
c) Business angels
d) Venture capital
e) Bootstrap financing
Debt financing:
a) Bank loans
b) Micro-finance loans
c) Inventory financing
d) Trade credit
15.1.3 Make Savings Reasons for savings Find out more about
a) To start business importance of starting
b) To settle debt savings
c) To take care of unforeseen
circumstances etc.
15.1.4 Design Strategies for Ways of savings Assist Trainees to explain the Explain the practical
savings a) Susu box types from their own ways of
b) Susu savings with banks perspective a) making personal
c) Mobile money savings savings
b) saving with a bank
169
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

RAISING FUNDING Assist Trainees to explain the Trainees to explain the
FOR BUSINESS 15.1.5 Design Strategies for Banks requirements for savings types from their own practical ways of
savings a) National ID perspective c) making personal
b) Water bill/electricity bill savings
c) Passport picture d) saving with a bank
15.1.6 Demonstrate ways of What financial institutions ask for: Assist Trainees to come out Practice ways of raising
accessing loans a) Sales records with their own ideas of raising a loan from the bank
b) Evidence of savings funds
c) Collateral
d) National ID
170
Section 16: Marketing
General objective: The trainee will:

1. understand the general concept of marketing
2. Understand customer behavour
3. Develop plan for future business
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

MARKETING
STRATEGIES 16.1.1 Explain marketing Marketing can be defined as identifying Assist Trainees to develop the Trainees to find out more
customer needs and satisfying them in order right concept of marketing about marketing
to achieve business goals
16.1.2 demonstrate strategies Marketing strategies Group trainees to demonstrate Trainees to practice
for marketing a) Market segmentation strategies for marketing strategies for marketing
b) Marketing mix
16.1 .3 State the difference Difference in industrial and individual Discuss the difference in Trainees to find out more
between industrial and marketing industrial and individual about the difference in
individual marketing marketing industrial and individual
marketing
171
Section 17: Customer Care

1. Understand the general concept of customer care
2. Understand customer purchasing behavior
3. Understand ways of making the customer loyal
UNIT/TOPIC SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT TEACHING/LEARNING EVALUATION

ACTIVITIES
Unit 1: Trainees will be able to:

Customer Care
17.2.1 Identify factors that Sociological factors Group Trainees to brainstorm Trainees to find out more
influence consumer a) Culture and come out with their own about factors influencing
behaviour b) Social class idea of what influence buying consumer behaviour
c) Opinion leaders decision of customers
Psychological factors
a) Needs
b) Perception
c) Motivation
d) Attitude
17.2.2 Demonstrate Support services that increase customer Role-play support services to Trainees to find out more
customer care satisfaction the customer about customer care.
17.2.3 Demonstrate practical Ways of satisfying the customer

ways of satisfying the a) Giving the customer more attention and
customer respect
b) Smiling to customer
Technology and customer service Role-play ways of using Practice ways of

Interacting with customer via technology to achieve customer providing customer
a) Fax-machine satisfaction service using your
b) e-mail commitment and
c) cell phones technology
d) computer
172
Section 18: Business Plan
General objective: The trainee will:
1. Understand the general concept of a business plan
2. Understand the scope of business plan writing
3. Understand the importance of a business plan
TEACHING/LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
Unit 1 The trainee will be able to:

Business Plan
Preparation 18.1.1 Explain business plan Business plan
It is a planning document in which goals and Assign trainees to search for Trainees to discuss their
objectives as well as strategies for achieving business plan samples from the findings in class
them are written down in both words and internet
figures
18.1.2 Describe the use of a Uses of a business plan Group trainees to brainstorm Prepare charts on
business plan a) to raise funds about the use of a business plan importance of a business
b) monitor progress of business plan
18.1.3 Write a simple business Features of a business plan Guide trainees to create Prepare charts on
plan a) business name and address imaginary company and write a features of a business
b) table of content simple business plan plan
c) background
d) business logo
e) vision
f) mission Write a business plan for
g) goals and objectives your future business
h) marketing plan
i) production plan
j) organizational plan
k) financial plan
173

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YEAR ONE

Section 1: Health and safety

General Objectives: The trainee will:

The trainee will be able to:

The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 2: The trainee will be able to:

1.2.4 Care and repair air Maintenance and repair:

UNIT 2: The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 2: The trainee will be able to:

The trainee will be able to:

Terms associated with fire

The trainee will be able to:

The trainee will be able to:

Maintenance and Repair of tools:

The trainee will be able to:

The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 4 The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 4 The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 4 The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 5 The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 5 The trainee will be able to:

1.5.3 Select equipment for Methods of selection:

UNIT 5 The trainee will be able to

UNIT 6: The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 6 The trainee will be able to:

The trainee will be able to:

The trainee will be able to:

The trainee will be able to:

General Objectives: The trainee will:

TEACHING AND LEARNING

The trainee will be able to:

The trainee will be able to:

The trainee will be able to:

2.2.6 State the functions of Functions of BIOS and POST:

2.2.7 Define computer bus Computer Bus

UNIT 2 The trainee will be able to:

The trainee will be able to:

SCSI IDs (0-15): It is actually how the

Hot swappable drives: The meaning of

The trainee will be able to:

TEACHING AND LEARNING

The trainee will be able to:

The trainee will be able to:

Display devices – It allows you to see

When you first buy a system it normally

The trainee will be able to:

Power Supply Unit (PSU):

The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 3 The trainee will be able to:

TEACHING AND LEARNING

UNIT 3 The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 4 The trainee will be able to:

UNIT 4 The trainee will be able to:

2.4.4 Identify types of Types of Computer Software: Trainees to find out

2.4.6 Differentiate between Difference between Application Trainees to find out

UNIT 5 The trainee will be able to:

2.5.2 Identify types of Types operating system:

TEACHING AND LEARNING

UNIT 5 Time-sharing operating systems - Time

Distributed operating System -