08 - Tapp - Site Planning

03/08/2019
SITE PLANNING
SITE PLANNING
• “The art of arranging structures on the land and shaping

the spaces between; an art linked to architecture,
engineering, landscape and city planning.”
-Kevin Lynch
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SITE PLANNING
• In the site planning. As in other forms of problem-solving, the

critical thinking process of research, analysis and synthesis makes
a major contribution to the formation of design decisions.
• Research materials may be gathered from existing projects,
books, photographs or experiments. A program is then
formulated and the elements required to develop the project
is listed.
• Analysis of the site shall consider all existing features, both
natural and man-made in order to determine those inherent
qualities that give a site its “personality”.
SITE PLANNING
• Two methods of establishing a site:

• 1. Site Selection Process:
• This process selects from a list of potential sites on that suits best in
the given use and requirements of the project.
2. Development suitability Process:
• This process selects the best possible use and development suited
for a given site.
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SITE ANALYSIS
• Natural Factors:
1. Geology
2. Geomorphology
3. Hydrology
4. Vegetation
5. Wildlife
6. Climate
NATURAL FACTORS
• GEOLOGY: Is the natural science that

studies the earth - Its composition; the
process that shaped its surface; its history.
• Earth is made up of rocks (Including soil,
sand, silts and dust)
• Igneous rocks (Magmatic rock)
• Sedimentary rocks
• Metamorphosed rocks
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NATURAL FACTORS
• GEOMORPHOLOGY : Is the branch of

geology that deals with the origin, nature and
distribution of landforms.
• Physiography – refers to the description of
landforms
• Landforms – are irregularities on the earth’s
surface. It is simply any natural geographic
feature that can be found on the earth's surface,
such as valleys, hills, mountains and plateau.
NATURAL FACTORS
• Topography : the study and description of the physical features of an

area. A detailed description or representation on a map of the natural
and artificial features of an area.
• Topographic Maps: is a type of map characterized by large-scale

detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour
lines, but historically using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions
require a topographic map to show both natural and man-made
features.
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NATURAL FACTORS
• Hydrology : The natural science that

studies the waters of the earth, their
occurrence, circulation and distribution, their
chemical and physical properties, and their
reaction to the living environment including
their relation to all living things.
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NATURAL FACTORS
• Water table – is the upper boundary of the zone of groundwater;

the top of unconfined aquifer.
• Aquifer – A permeable geological stratum or formation that can both
store and transit groundwater in significant quantities.
• Watershed – A geographic area of land bounded by topographic
features and height of land that captures precipitation, filters and stores
water and drains water to a shared designation.
• The knowledge of watershed boundaries is critical to water quality
and storm water management.
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NATURAL FACTORS
• Vegetation:
• The relevance of Plant Materials in site planning is in their role in :
• 1. Climatic Control
• 2. Environmental Engineering
• 3. Architectural and Aesthetic Uses.
NATURAL FACTORS
• Wildlife : traditionally refers to undomesticated animal species, but

has come to include all organisms that grow or live wild in an area
without being introduced by humans.
• Three groups of habitat elements essential to the different species of
wildlife are:
1. Openland Wildlife – includes birds and mammals associated with
crops fields, meadows, pastures and non-forested lands.
2. Woodland Wildlife – species in forested lands.
3. Wetland wildlife
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NATURAL FACTOR
• Climate : conditions of the atmosphere at a particular location

over a long period of time; it is the long-term summation of the
atmospheric elements (and their variations) that, over short time
periods, constituteweather. These elements are solar
radiation, temperature, humidity, precipitation (type, frequency, and
amount), atmospheric pressure, and wind (speed and direction).
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SITE ANALYSIS
• Cultural Factors:
1. Exisiting Land Use
2. Traffic and Transit System
3. Density and Zoning
4. Socio-Economic Factor
5. Utilities
6. Historic Factors
CULTURAL FACTORS
• Existing Land use – Ownership of adjacent property, off-side

nuisances.
• Land Use plans are available in each city and municipality to determine
the areas for commercial, industrial, institutional, residential and open
space uses.
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03/08/2019
CULTURAL FACTORS
• Traffic and transit system – vehicular and pedestrian

circulation on or adjacent to site.
• Efficient traffic and transportation systems will result in
successful integration of the different developments in the
vicinity.
• Direction of dominant traffic flow, both vehicular and pedestrian
will also help establish points of highest visual impact for the
site.
• Access must also consider pedestrian movement.
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03/08/2019
CULTURAL FACTORS
• Density and Zoning – legal and regulatory controls.

• Density – refers to the population per unit land area. Density
influences the privacy, social contact among people, and freedom
of movement of an individual or a group of people.
• Zoning regulations, laws and codes are present in every city and
municipality to regulate the type of development. It divides into
land-use that are designated by building height, building coverage,
density of population and open spaces.
CULTURAL FACTORS
• Socio-economic factors: The study of the

community and its social and economic structures are
done to determine whether there is a need, an interest, or
any objections on the project.
• Any proposed must be compatible with the economy of
the particular community. For example, a high-end
boutique is hardly suitable in a low-income community.
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CULTURAL FACTORS
• Utilities – It is important to determine the existing

availablitiy on site in terms of adequacy and efficiency. This
includes:
• Sanitary / Sewage system
• Water supply
• Drainage
• Electric Power supply
• Telecommunication
CULTURAL FACTORS
• Historic factors:
1. Historic Buildings
2. Historic Landmarks
3. Archeology
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03/08/2019
SITE ANALYSIS
• Aesthetic Factors:
1. Natural Feature
2. Spatial Pattern
3. Visual Resource
AESTHETIC FACTORS
• Natural Feature : When

sites are characterized by
outstanding natural features of earth
rock, water or plant material, these
may be incorporated in the site
development as natural assets of the
land.
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AESTHETIC FACTORS
• Spatial Pattern: is defined as

the way an open space of a given site
is configured to an arrangement of
elements that evoke activity or flow,
both physically or visually
AESTHETIC FACTORS
• View resources:
1. View : A scene observed from a 2.Vista : is a confined
vantage point. view usually directed
toward a terminal or a
dominant feature. It has
three components : a view
station, a view and a
foreground.
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03/08/2019

• “The art of arranging structures on the land and shaping

• In the site planning. As in other forms of problem-solving, the

• Two methods of establishing a site:

• GEOLOGY: Is the natural science that

• GEOMORPHOLOGY : Is the branch of

• Topography : the study and description of the physical features of an

• Topographic Maps: is a type of map characterized by large-scale

• Hydrology : The natural science that

• Water table – is the upper boundary of the zone of groundwater;

• Wildlife : traditionally refers to undomesticated animal species, but

• Climate : conditions of the atmosphere at a particular location

• Existing Land use – Ownership of adjacent property, off-side

• Traffic and transit system – vehicular and pedestrian

• Density and Zoning – legal and regulatory controls.

• Socio-economic factors: The study of the

• Utilities – It is important to determine the existing

• Natural Feature : When

• Spatial Pattern: is defined as

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