Artificial intelligence in

law
Subject --------legal research methods and legal writing
Paper code LA2101
• A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO DR. B.R.
AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
PRESCRIBED FOR THE LL.M. 1st SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2022-23
• (BRANCH: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
• BY:
• NAME: Atipriya Singh
• ROLL NUMBER: 06
• UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
• ASSO.PROF. Mrs. SWATI CHHAJLANI
Place Jaipur,
Rajasthan ASSO.PROF.
Mrs. SWATI CHHANJLANI
Date: /01/23 (Supervisor)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE...............................................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.................................................................................................................
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................
IMPORTANCE OF THE CONCEPT ............................................................................................
INDIAN SCENARIO .....................................................................................................................
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................
INDIAN JUDICIARY ....................................................................................................................
Role of Judiciary .........................................................................................................................
Judicial freedom led by Supreme Court…………………………………………………..
• STEPS TAKEN TO ENSURE JUDICIAL FREEDOM ..............................................................
• COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF US AND INDIA...................................................................
• Salient Features............................................................................................................. ............
• Nature of the Constitution................................................................................................... ......
• Doctrine of Separation of Powers and the System of Checks and Balances.............................
• Impeachment of the President................................................................................................. ..
• Fundamental Rights........................................................................................................... ........
• Distribution of Legislative Power ........................................................................................... ..
• Emergency and Suspension of Writs ........................................................................................
• Judiciary ....................................................................................................................................
• Amendment of the Constitution ................................................................................................
• BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................
 CERTIFICATE

• This is to certify that Mr Atipriya Singh, a student of LL.M, semester 1st,.my

supervision and guidance. The work contained in this dissertation is titled
“Performance and Judicial Freedom of Decisions” under my supervision and
guidance.
• It is further certified that the candidate has made sincere efforts for the completion
of this project work.
Place: Jaipur, Rajasthan
ASSO.PROF.Mrs. SWATI CHHA
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
• I hereby acknowledge the help and support of teachers, who helped me in
compiling this project. I thank the faculty and management of Dr. B.R.
Ambedkar Law University, Jaipur, as the resources that were necessary to
complete this project were provided by them. I am highly indebted to my
teacher ASSO.PROF. Mrs. SWATI CHHAJLANI for her guidance and
constant supervision as well as for providing necessary knowledge
 Meaning of artificial intelligence

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a phrase coined by John McCarthy, the

father of AI. The Oxford Dictionary defines Artificial Intelligence as
“the theory and development of computer systems able to perform
tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual
perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation
between languages. (1) Simply described, artificial intelligence (AI)
is a vast discipline of computer science whose purpose is to develop
systems that can operate autonomously and intelligently.
• It can be described as an intelligent machine capable of thinking,
understanding, and acting on its own, as well as the ability to
replicate certain human behaviour. As a result, Artificial
Intelligence is a system that has the capability and ability to solve
problems that we humans would normally solve using our natural
intelligence. To elaborate further, the goal of AI development is to
meet the need for and desire for automation in today’s fast-paced
human lives. Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently being used to do
mundane or even difficult tasks.
 AI in the legal profession

• Each breakthrough in the field of law has been revolutionary, from

typewriters to computers, from using libraries solely for legal study to
using internet portals to find relevant case laws, from fax machines to
emails. Now is the moment for AI to enter the legal profession. Although
the legal services market is one of the largest in the world, it is also
believed to be under-digitized in its operations. The legal profession is
fairly conventional in its approach and hesitant to adopt new
technologies. It’s time for us to accept that Artificial Intelligence has the
potential to transform the way lawyers currently work and the way law is
viewed in India. As stated by Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, “technology is
relevant insofar as it fosters efficiency, transparency, and objectivity .
• The AI Task Force Report was the first phase in India’s Artificial
Intelligence framework, and it was used to examine artificial
intelligence in depth. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry
established this task force, which is led by N. Chandrasekaran,
Chairman of Tata Sons, to examine the financial benefits of AI and
determine how it can benefit India. The Task-force stated its vision
“To embed AI in our Economic, Political and Legal thought
processes so that there is the systematic capability to support the
goal of India becoming one of the leaders of AI-rich economies”.
• The nature of the Indian legal profession is such that the entire procedure
is done manually since the legal sector is still believed to be labour-
intensive. As a result, AI is still in its early phases, with many older
champions believing that technology should not be employed extensively
since it may eventually take over man, and so avoiding the idea of AI in
legislation. Having said that, there are many tech-savvy lawyers, as well as
large law firms, who are taking full advantage of technological
innovations in order to get an advantage over their competitors. We all
know that the Indian legal system.
• CAM has achieved history by becoming the first Indian law practice
to license “Kira,” a machine learning program developed by Kira
Systems in Canada. This AI-based software can handle a lot of
things, which saves a lot of time and effort. The “Kira” technology is
used to analyze legal papers, locate and spot any potential
dangerous areas, and extract provisions from various legal
documents and Mangaldas is one such firm that has recognized AI’s
capabilities .
Face of future law firms
 Current state of AI in law

• The legal services market is one of the world’s largest, with a global
value of almost $1T. At the same time, it remains under digitized.
For better or worse, the legal profession is tradition-bound,
notoriously slow to accept new technologies and lawyers are still at
ease with and depending on solutions developed years ago. This
probably will alter in the next few years. AI has the potential to
transform the way lawyers work and how the law is viewed in India.
This procedure is in progress.
• In the realm of law, one of the most significant disruptions that AI
can make is in the field of legal research. The Indian legal system is
continuously changing, and lawyers may gain a unique insight into
the legal sphere in seconds using Artificial Intelligence.An
artificially intelligent research platform can complete research in
seconds, and whether a law firm has 400 lawyers or a single
practising lawyer, AI can balance the costs of legal research while
maintaining a consistent level of quality. It can equip lawyers with
efficient tools to help them become better at advising clients.
 Application of AI in the legal world

• Various areas of AI in the legal sector can be discovered with

adequate research and careful comprehension of the legal industry
by IoT app development companies. The current Artificial
Intelligence applications in the industry can be categorized into six
main parts: DUE DILIGENCE: Lawyers use Artificial Intelligence
tools to perform due diligence and uncover background
information. In light of the current scenario, developers have opted
to integrate a slew of new features, including agreement review,
legal inquiry, and electronic media for this section of the industry.
• PROGNOSTICATION TECHNOLOGY: Artificial Intelligence
(AI) aids in the generation of outcomes for legal investigations and
agreement evaluations. This characteristic of AI programming
appears to be extremely beneficial to legal firms and industries.
• LEGAL MECHANISM: Lawyers can obtain information points
from prior or past instances using Artificial Intelligence
technologies. They can also utilize this data to keep track of the
judge’s instructions and forecasts. This technology is likely to
become increasingly important on a global scale in the near future.
• DOCUMENTING MECHANISM: Different types of software
arrangements are used in the legal industry to develop papers that
aid in the collection of data and information. In the law firm
industry, there are numerous documents that are useful. As a
result, it is really beneficial.
• INTELLECTUAL POSSESSION: Artificial intelligence
algorithms demonstrate lawyers how to examine massive IP files
and extract meaning from a variety of attractive texts.
AI technology is seen to have the potential to increase efficiency. With the
aid of the machine learning algorithm input provided to the app, Artificial
Intelligence works on numerous algorithms capable of speeding up
document verification and processing activity. For a variety of reasons,
simply removing manual tasks is insufficient to integrate artificial
intelligence into the company’s infrastructure. Rather, because of increased
competition among businesses, there has
• ELECTRONIC RECEIPT: Lawyers used to make their own receipts for
a long time. The billings of lawyers were turned electronic after AI
software development technology was applied in these businesses.
• Legal firms that use Artificial Intelligence can work faster and pass
savings to clients and other related businesses more quickly. Companies
lack the ability to automate this process and find legal services to be a
little more expensive than other firms in the industry. However, it is
unclear how the transition will take place. Law companies with a larger
financial budget are expected to adapt to AI technology more steadily and
quickly. New startup firms and tiny businesses, on the other hand, maybe
able to begin with a productivity-driven approach that is automated and
progressive in comparison to the larger corporations.
 Face of future law firms

• In the last few years, the legal business has seen a significant
increase in competition. Understanding technological changes and
client requirements have become critical for law firms. Those who
turn a blind eye to these changes will become obsolete in the next
few years.Future law firms would be very different from what we
see now. Let’s have a look at some of the qualities that advance
legal companies would have:
• 1. CLIENT SERVICE INNOVATIONS:
• In future, the way clients are served and handled will significantly
change. Law firms would approach their clients with fresh ideas
and more genuine and cost-effective legal solutions. Currently, law
firms in India bill their services based on the billable hour
technique; however, this billing method will become outdated in the
future. To better serve their clients, law firms should consider
rethinking their pricing practices and implementing a Performance-
Based Pricing Strategy [PBPS]: As the name implies,
• 2. FOCUS ON HIGHER PROFITS:
• Nowadays, law firms are concerned with raising income, and if we
look closely, we can see that competition among law firms has been
expanding steadily, but demand for legal services has remained
stable, making revenue growth extremely difficult. As a result, law
firms will focus on better profitability and margins in the future
rather than revenue.
• 3. MAKING TECHNOLOGY THE FOUNDATION FOR GROWTH:
• We’ve seen a considerable increase in the introduction of new AI-based
solutions targeted at making the legal sector more efficient and client-
friendly in recent years. Various legal tech startups have emerged to
better the lives of lawyers and law firms, ranging from E-Discovery tools
to contract drafting automation. AI -based legal solutions assist law
companies in becoming more efficient, lowering expenses and increasing
revenues. The future law firm will incorporate these technologies, and
collaborate with other businesses to develop AI-based solutions that’ll
benefit the legal industry.
• . FOCUS ON BRAND VALUE:
• In the future, law firms will place a greater emphasis on their brand
presence. A single piece of negligent advice from a few employees
can ruin a firm’s reputation, thus law firms must rely on AI-based
legal solutions and platforms, as well as tech-savvy lawyers, to grow
their brand value. On the other hand, law firms must increasingly
host conferences and participate in cross-border seminars and
workshops.
• CONTRACT REVIEW
• Contracts are the lifeblood of the economy; without them, no business
transactions can take place. Nonetheless, the process of concluding a
contract is excruciatingly time-consuming. It may delay negotiations and
prevent companies from achieving their goals. Human mistake is
common, no surprise given that attention to minutiae is essential and the
fact that contracts can be thousands of pages lengthy.
• The idea of automating this process is being pursued by startups such as
Lawgeex and LexCheck. These firms are working on AI systems that can
automatically ingest proposed contracts, evaluate them in detail
• CONTRACT ANALYTICS
• The first step is to sign a contract. Staying on top of the agreed-
upon conditions and obligations after the parties have signed a
contract may be a major problem. This problem is especially serious
for large firms, which will have millions of outstanding contracts
with thousands of distinct counter-parties spread over multiple
internal divisions.
• LITIGATION PREDICTION
• A few AI teams are developing machine learning models to
anticipate the outcomes of pending cases, using the corpus of
relevant precedent and the facts of the case as inputs. As these
forecasts become more precise, they’ll have a significant impact on
legal practice. Law firms are beginning to utilize them to plan
ahead of time their litigation strategy, expedite settlement
negotiations, and reduce the number of cases that need to go to
trial.
• LEGAL RESEARCH
• Legal research is an area where machine intelligence is making
headway. Legal research used to be a labor-intensive procedure,
with law students and firm associates searching case law volumes
for relevant precedent. With the introduction of personal
computing recently, this procedure has gone digital, and lawyers
increasingly undertake research using computer applications such
as LexisNexis and Westlaw. These outdated technologies lack
intelligence beyond rudimentary search functionality
 Conclusion and suggestions

• Advances in technology have undoubtedly altered the legal

industry’s outlook; it can be concluded that AI in the field of law has
numerous benefits: it has aided legal professionals in quick
research; it can assist judges in decision-making processes with its
predictive technology; it is useful for law firms for due diligence
work, data collection, and other tasks, all of which make their work
more efficient; and it is useful for law firms for due diligence work,
data collection, and other tasks, all of which make their work.
• To ensure AI’s inclusion, we need to take a balanced approach. Here are a
few suggestions:
• 1) A solid regulatory framework that clearly states the obligations and
liabilities of this intelligent machine must be created.
• 2) The accountability aspect must be considered in order to govern its
behavior.
• 3) To safeguard privacy, tougher data protection regulations are required.
As a result, the solution is not to take a back seat and avoid technological
breakthroughs, but to embrace them and use AI to our benefit by putting
in place the necessary legislation .
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• BOOKS
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• ARTICLE
• Huchhanavar, S., 2022. Judicial conduct regulation: do in-house mechanisms in India
• uphold judicial Independence and effectively enforce judicial accountability? Indian Law
• Review.
• Jacobson, G.J., 2022. Dynamic and Constrained: Using the Judiciary to Pursue Social
• Justice in India. Law & Social Inquiry, 47(1), pp.375-380.
• Dhaware, M., Constitution, Constitutionalism and Constitutional Development in Modern
• India.
• Dhavan, S.S., 2022. The Indian judicial system: a historical survey.
• Dutta, J., 2022. Enacting Science as Soft Power by Indian Scio.