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    Algebra: Further Pure Mathematics

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    patricia eileen
    The document discusses further concepts in pure mathematics, including: 1) Summations and Maclaurin series involving functions like e^x, ln(1+x), sin(x), and cos(x). 2) Trigonometric identities relating sin(x) and cos(x) to the tangent function tan(x/2). 3) Hyperbolic function identities and expressions for sinh(x), cosh(x), and tanh(x) in terms of logarithms. 4) Rules for differentiation and integration of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, and inverse hyperbolic functions.

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    Algebra: Further Pure Mathematics

    Uploaded by

    patricia eileen
    16 views2 pages
    The document discusses further concepts in pure mathematics, including: 1) Summations and Maclaurin series involving functions like e^x, ln(1+x), sin(x), and cos(x). 2) Trigonometric identities relating sin(x) and cos(x) to the tangent function tan(x/2). 3) Hyperbolic function identities and expressions for sinh(x), cosh(x), and tanh(x) in terms of logarithms. 4) Rules for differentiation and integration of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, and inverse hyperbolic functions.

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    The document discusses further concepts in pure mathematics, including: 1) Summations and Maclaurin series involving functions like e^x, ln(1+x), sin(x), and cos(x). 2) Trigonometric identities relating sin(x) and cos(x) to the tangent function tan(x/2). 3) Hyperbolic function identities and expressions for sinh(x), cosh(x), and tanh(x) in terms of logarithms. 4) Rules for differentiation and integration of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, and inverse hyperbolic functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    16 views2 pages

    Algebra: Further Pure Mathematics

    Uploaded by

    patricia eileen
    The document discusses further concepts in pure mathematics, including: 1) Summations and Maclaurin series involving functions like e^x, ln(1+x), sin(x), and cos(x). 2) Trigonometric identities relating sin(x) and cos(x) to the tangent function tan(x/2). 3) Hyperbolic function identities and expressions for sinh(x), cosh(x), and tanh(x) in terms of logarithms. 4) Rules for differentiation and integration of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, and inverse hyperbolic functions.

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    FURTHER PURE MATHEMATICS

    Algebra
    Summations:
    n n n
    r = 12 n(n + 1) , r 2 = 16 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) , r 3 = 14 n 2 (n + 1) 2
    r =1 r =1 r =1

    Maclaurin’s series:
    x2 xr
    f( x) = f(0) + x f (0) + f (0) + K + f ( r ) (0) + K
    2! r!
    x2 xr
    e x = exp( x) = 1 + x + +K + +K (all x)
    2! r!
    x 2 x3 xr
    ln(1 + x) = x + K + ( 1) r +1 + K (–1 x 1)
    2 3 r
    x3 x5 x 2 r +1
    sin x = x + K + ( 1) r +K (all x)
    3! 5! (2r + 1)!

    x2 x4 x2r
    cos x = 1 + K + ( 1) r +K (all x)
    2! 4! (2r )!

    x3 x5 x 2 r +1
    tan 1 x = x + K + ( 1) r +K (–1 x 1)
    3 5 2r + 1
    x3 x5 x 2 r +1
    sinh x = x + + +K + +K (all x)
    3! 5! (2r + 1)!

    x2 x4 x2r
    cosh x = 1 + + +K+ +K (all x)
    2! 4! (2r )!

    x3 x5 x 2 r +1
    tanh 1 x = x + + +K + +K (–1 < x < 1)
    3 5 2r + 1

    Trigonometry
    If t = tan 12 x then:

    2t 1 t2
    sin x = and cos x =
    1+ t2 1+ t2

    Hyperbolic functions
    cosh 2 x sinh 2 x 1 , sinh 2 x 2sinh x cosh x , cosh 2 x cosh 2 x + sinh 2 x

    sinh 1 x = ln( x + x 2 + 1)

    cosh 1 x = ln( x + x 2 1) (x 1)

    1+ x
    tanh 1 x = 12 ln (| x | < 1)
    1 x

    5
    Differentiation
    f( x ) f ( x)
    1
    sin 1 x
    1 x2
    1
    cos 1 x
    1 x2
    sinh x cosh x
    cosh x sinh x
    tanh x sech 2 x
    1
    sinh 1 x
    1 + x2
    1
    cosh 1 x
    x2 1
    1
    tanh 1 x
    1 x2

    Integration
    (Arbitrary constants are omitted; a denotes a positive constant.)

    f( x ) f( x ) dx

    sec x ln| sec x + tan x | = ln| tan( 12 x + 14 ) | ( x < 1


    2 )
    cosec x ln| cosec x + cot x | = ln| tan( 12 x) | (0 < x < )
    sinh x cosh x
    cosh x sinh x
    sech 2 x tanh x
    1 x
    2 2
    sin 1
    a
    ( x < a)
    a x
    1 1 x
    cosh ( x > a)
    x 2
    a 2 a

    1 1 x
    sinh
    a +x 2 2 a

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