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    PATHOPHY

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    Arlly Faena Abad
    This document outlines the pathophysiology of hypertension and its progression to chronic kidney disease. It describes: 1) Predisposing factors such as family history, unhealthy lifestyle, and age that can lead to increased blood pressure over time. 2) How hypertension damages the arteries and kidneys, narrowing blood flow and causing the heart to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. 3) How chronic kidney disease then develops as a result of ischemic injury and nephrotoxic remodeling of the kidneys. This leads to fluid overload, pulmonary congestion, anemia, and edema.

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    PATHOPHY

    Uploaded by

    Arlly Faena Abad
    78 views3 pages
    This document outlines the pathophysiology of hypertension and its progression to chronic kidney disease. It describes: 1) Predisposing factors such as family history, unhealthy lifestyle, and age that can lead to increased blood pressure over time. 2) How hypertension damages the arteries and kidneys, narrowing blood flow and causing the heart to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. 3) How chronic kidney disease then develops as a result of ischemic injury and nephrotoxic remodeling of the kidneys. This leads to fluid overload, pulmonary congestion, anemia, and edema.

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    This document outlines the pathophysiology of hypertension and its progression to chronic kidney disease. It describes: 1) Predisposing factors such as family history, unhealthy lifestyle, and age that can lead to increased blood pressure over time. 2) How hypertension damages the arteries and kidneys, narrowing blood flow and causing the heart to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. 3) How chronic kidney disease then develops as a result of ischemic injury and nephrotoxic remodeling of the kidneys. This leads to fluid overload, pulmonary congestion, anemia, and edema.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views3 pages

    PATHOPHY

    Uploaded by

    Arlly Faena Abad
    This document outlines the pathophysiology of hypertension and its progression to chronic kidney disease. It describes: 1) Predisposing factors such as family history, unhealthy lifestyle, and age that can lead to increased blood pressure over time. 2) How hypertension damages the arteries and kidneys, narrowing blood flow and causing the heart to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. 3) How chronic kidney disease then develops as a result of ischemic injury and nephrotoxic remodeling of the kidneys. This leads to fluid overload, pulmonary congestion, anemia, and edema.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    F.

    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    Precipitating Factor: Predisposing Factor:


    * Unhealthy Lifestyle (Fatty diet and alcoholic) * Family Health History of Hypertension
    * Occupation: Driver (prolonged sitting) * Family Health History of Arthritis
    *Lack of exercise * Age: 46

    Increased pressure in the blood vessels

    Wear and tear in the endothelial cells

    Vascular endothelium dysfunction

    Thickened Artery Wall Isosorbide Mononitrate 1 tab OD


    Vasoconstriction
    Amlodipine 10 mg 1 tab OD
    Narrow Lumen Increased Cardiac Output Blood Pressure: 170/90
    mmHg

     Blood and Oxygen in the HYPERTENSION


    Kidney

    Contraction is More Forced


    Heart contracts harder to pump
    Ischemic Injury to Nephrons more blood
    Growth of Cardiomyocyte
    Cells are overworked → Heart is not
    Glomerular Permeability
    Enlarged Muscle able to pump efficiently

    Macromolecules filtration Blood enters into the veins that take


    CT Ratio: 0.59
    blood through the lungs

     Pressure into the blood vessels


    Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired gas exchange
    Nephrotoxic Remodeling related to alveolar-capillary membrane changes Fluid is pushed into air spaces in
    secondary to pulmonary congestion the lungs

    Glomerulosclerosis Fluid collection in the left


    pleural cavity Decreased normal movement of
    DOB oxygen through the lungs
    CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE SPO2- 90% - 91%; RR: 21 cpm
    Salbutamol q4 3 doses PULMONARY CONGESTION

    Kidney damage  erythropoietin Buildup of toxic substances


    production

    Creation of AVF for Dialysis


     Stimulation of bone marrow leads  Red Blood Cell Survival
    to  Red Blood Cell Production
    High-pressure blood flow
    from the artery

    SYMPTOMATIC ANEMIA SECONDARY TO CKD

    Hemoglobin – 79 g/L Vein stretches→it enlarges


    Hematocrit – 0.24 L/L
    Red Blood Cell Count- 2.77
    Venous insufficiency
    Ferrous Sulfate 1Tab BID
    Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Infection
    related to inadequate primary and Decreased venous return and
    secondary defenses increased backflow of the blood

     Hydrostatic Forces
     Transmural pressure in post
    capillary vessels

    Capillary dilatation and


    Increased vessel permeability

    Protein rich exudate


    accumulates in interstitial space

    Grade 2 Edema Right Arm


    Edema Grade 4 Edema Left Arm

    Nursing Diagnosis: Excess Fluid


    VENOUS HYPERTENSION, Volume related to compromised
    regulatory mechanism
    CENTRAL VENOUS STENOSIS Left
    secondary

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