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    Meeting 8 1ma14 (3-4) (FS)

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    Aufar yodha kazhimi
    The document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks and reports the exact words, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and the words and tenses may change. It provides examples of changing from direct to indirect speech, including changing verbs to past tense, changing pronouns, and adjusting adverbs of time and place.

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    Meeting 8 1ma14 (3-4) (FS)

    Uploaded by

    Aufar yodha kazhimi
    26 views29 pages
    The document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks and reports the exact words, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and the words and tenses may change. It provides examples of changing from direct to indirect speech, including changing verbs to past tense, changing pronouns, and adjusting adverbs of time and place.

    Original Title

    MEETING 8 1MA14 [3-4] [FS]

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    The document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks and reports the exact words, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and the words and tenses may change. It provides examples of changing from direct to indirect speech, including changing verbs to past tense, changing pronouns, and adjusting adverbs of time and place.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views29 pages

    Meeting 8 1ma14 (3-4) (FS)

    Uploaded by

    Aufar yodha kazhimi
    The document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks and reports the exact words, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and the words and tenses may change. It provides examples of changing from direct to indirect speech, including changing verbs to past tense, changing pronouns, and adjusting adverbs of time and place.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 29

    I like

    BTS

    She said that


    she liked BTS.

    What did
    she say?
    Direct Speech
    &
    Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)
    There are two ways of reporting what somebody says:

    • Direct speech: exact words of speaker and using speech marks.

    She said, “I am a beautiful girl”

    • Indirect speech (reported speech): without speech marks and without


    necessarily using exactly the same words.

    She said that she was a beautiful girl.


    There are two ways of reporting what somebody says:

    • Direct speech: exact words of speaker and using speech marks.

    She said, “I am a beautiful girl”

    • Indirect speech (reported speech): without speech marks and without


    necessarily using exactly the same words.

    She said that she was a beautiful girl.


    There are two ways of reporting what somebody says:
    • Direct speech: exact words of speaker and using speech marks.

    She said, “I am a beautiful girl”


    reporting verb reporting words
    - change in RW - pronouns, tenses, time signals

    • Indirect speech (reported speech): without speech marks and without


    necessarily using exactly the same words.

    She said that she was a beautiful girl.


    There are three rules while changing from direct to indirect:
    Change of Tense Change of Pronouns Change in Adverbs of Place and Time
    Direct Speech

    Jenny said, “I came here with my mother a week ago”.

    Indirect Speech

    Jenny said that she had come there with her mother the previous week.

    I She
    Pronoun
    My Her

    Verb Tense Came (past simple) Had come (past perfect)

    Adverb of place Here There

    Adverb of time A week ago The previous week


    No Change of Tenses
    Change of Tenses
    If the reporting verb is in the past tense in the direct speech statement,
    then the verbs within the inverted commas will change in the indirect
    speech statements.
    Change of Tenses
    Note: V1 = Present Verb / Base Verb write, writes
    V2 = Past Verb wrote
    Change of Tenses V3 = Past participle verb written
    Ving = base verb + -ing writing
    Direct Speech Indirect Speech
    Simple Present S + V1 (Base Verb) Simple Past S + V2
    She told me, “The teacher comes.” She told me that the teacher came.

    Present cont. Past Continuous S + was/were + v-ing


    She said, “The teacher is coming.” She said that the teacher was coming.
    c

    Present Perfect S + has/have + V3 Past Perfect S + had + V3


    She said, “The teacher has come.” She said that the teacher had come.

    Present Perfect Continuous S + has/have + been + V-ing Past Perfect Continuous S + had + been + V-ing
    She said, “ The teacher has been coming.” She said that the teacher had been coming.

    Simple Past S + V2 Past Perfect S + had + V3


    She told me, “The teacher came last night.” She told me that the teacher had come the night before.

    Past Perfect S + had + V3 Past Perfect S + had + V3


    She said, “The teacher had come.” She said that the teacher had come.

    Past Continuous S + was/were + v-ing Past Perfect Continuous S + had + been + V-ing
    She said, “The teacher was coming.” She said that the teacher had been coming.

    Future S + will + V1 Past Future S + would + V1


    She said, “The teacher will come.” She said that the teacher would come.

    Future Continuous S + will + be + V-ing Conditional Continuous S + would + be + V-ing


    She said, “The teacher will be coming.” She said that the teacher would be coming.
    Change of To be & Auxiliary verbs
    To be & Auxiliary verbs

    DS IS

    Can Could

    Will/shall Would/should

    May Might
    Must
    Have / has to Had to
    Ought to
    Am/is/are Was/were

    Direct Speech Indirect Speech

    Modal Verbs S + can/shall/will/may + V1 Modal Verbs S + could/should/would/might + V1


    She told me, “Mr. Smith may come to my party. She told me that Mr. Smith might come to her party.

    Auxiliary Verbs S + is/am/are Auxiliary Verbs S + was/were


    She said, “It is a good idea” She said that it was good idea”
    Change of Pronouns
    Change in Adverbs of Place and Time
    Keterangan Waktu Keterangan Tempat

    DS IS DS IS

    Now then, at the moment Here There

    Today That day

    Yesterday The day before Demonstrative

    Last week/month/year the previous week DS IS


    /month/year
    This That

    A week ago A week before, the previous These Those


    week
    Next week /month/year the following week
    "I saw him yesterday", she said.
    /month/year
    She said that she had seen him the day before.

    Next week The following week He said, "I live here“.


    He told me he lived there.
    This (week) That (week)
    Change in Adverbs of Place and Time
    Sora said, "I have a lot of work."
    Sora said (that) ________________.

    Cantika said, "I'm watching a movie now."


    Cantika said (that) ______________________________.

    Jake said, “I have taken that class.”


    Jake said that __________________.
    Adam reported, "We visited a lot of places last year."
    Adam reported (that) ________________________.

    Mr Bean said, "I was watching TV last night."


    Mr Bean said (that) ____________________.

    She said, "We had finished the report."


    She said (that) _______________________ .
    Ms. Yo told me, "I will spend my holidays in Switzerland next year."
    Ms. Yo me (that) ______________________________.

    She said, "I can see the painting from here"


    She said that __________________________.

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