Week 7
Week 7
Week 7
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
a. bachelor, man, son, paperboy, pope, chief b. bull, rooster, drake, ram a. table, stone, pencil, cup, house, ship, car b. milk, alcohol, rice, soup, mud a. book, temple, mountain, road, tractor b. idea, love, charity, sincerity, bravery, fear a. pine, elm, ash, weeping, willow, sycamore b. rose, dandelion, aster, tulip, daisy a. book, letter, encyclopedia, novel, notebook, dictionary b. typewriter, pencil, ballpoint, crayon, quill, charcoal, chalk a. walk, run, skip, jump, hop, swim b. fly, skate, ski, ride, cycle, canoe, hang-glide a. ask, tell, say, talk, converse
H. I.
b. shout, whisper, mutter, drawl, holler a. alive, asleep, dead, married, pregnant b. tall, smart, interesting, bad, tired a. alleged, counterfeit, false, putative, accused b. red, large, cheerful, pretty, stupid
2. As noted in File 7.3, there are several kinds of antonymy. Indicate which among the following are complementary pairs (exact opposites), which are gradable (scalar) pairs, and which are relational opposites. A good expensive parent beautiful false lessor pass hot legal larger poor fast asleep husband rude B bad cheap offspring ugly true lessee fail cold illegal smaller rich slow awake wife polite
3. Consider the definitions below. a. joy, [dZoI], n: Intense and especially ecstatic or exultant happiness. b. happiness, [hpins], n: Enjoying, showing, or marked by pleasure, satisfaction, or joy. Use a dictionary to find three more examples of words that are defined circularly. A. B. C. a. ____________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________ a. ____________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________ a. ____________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________
What implications do you see given the degree of circularity found in language? 4. What is ambiguity on the mental image theory of meaning? How might this be a problem for the theory? Discuss. 5. Indicate the truth values (true = T, false = F) of the following sentences: A. a. Either it is raining here or it is not raining here. ___ b. If John is sick and Mary is sick, then John is sick. ___ c. It is raining here hand it is not raining here. ___ d. If John is sick and Mary is sick, then Mary is not sick. ___ a. All people that are sick are people. ___ b. If every person is sick, then it is not true that no person is sick. ___ c. Some people that are sick are not people. ___ d. Every person is sick, but some person is not sick. ___ a. If John is a bachelor, then John is unmarried. ___ b. If John broke the vase, then the vase broke. ___ c. if the car is red, then it has a color. ___ d. John is a bachelor, but he is unmarried. ___ e. John broke the vase, but it isnt broken. ___ f. The car is red, but it has no color. ___ a. Santa Claus is bald. ___ b. Either it is raining here or it is not raining here and Santa Claus is bald. ___
B.
C.
D.
comes down to my friends Is that everything's just fine fine fine I've got one hand in my pocket And the other one is hailing a taxi cab... For each pair, describe what kind of antonym is being employed.
Are these word pairs exact antonyms? If not, what additional implications are required to achieve antonymy? 7. In the Language Files, the authors noted that it is necessary to distinguish between extension and intension. Describe the difference between the extension and intension of the following phrases. a. The President of the United States b. The King of France. c. The Father of our Country. d. The first President of the United States. e. Women who have walked on the moon. f. Santa Claus g. The capital of Australia.
Essential concepts: a. reference b. mental representations c. compositional semantics d. lexical semantics e. pragmatics f. mental image g. truth value h. truth conditions i. presupposition j. synonymy k. antonymy l. Freges Principle m. structural ambiguity n. idioms o. speech acts p. performative q. felicity conditions r. entailment s. implicature