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    Allergy

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    Abhi YT
    The document is a project report on Allergy submitted by Abhijeet Singh of class XII. It includes an introduction to allergies that defines allergens and allergic reactions. It describes common symptoms of allergic reactions and different types of allergies. It also discusses diagnosis methods, treatments, prevention, and concludes that while allergies cannot be prevented, they can be treated and managed through environmental control, diet changes, and medications.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Allergy

    Uploaded by

    Abhi YT
    954 views19 pages
    The document is a project report on Allergy submitted by Abhijeet Singh of class XII. It includes an introduction to allergies that defines allergens and allergic reactions. It describes common symptoms of allergic reactions and different types of allergies. It also discusses diagnosis methods, treatments, prevention, and concludes that while allergies cannot be prevented, they can be treated and managed through environmental control, diet changes, and medications.

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    The document is a project report on Allergy submitted by Abhijeet Singh of class XII. It includes an introduction to allergies that defines allergens and allergic reactions. It describes common symptoms of allergic reactions and different types of allergies. It also discusses diagnosis methods, treatments, prevention, and concludes that while allergies cannot be prevented, they can be treated and managed through environmental control, diet changes, and medications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    954 views19 pages

    Allergy

    Uploaded by

    Abhi YT
    The document is a project report on Allergy submitted by Abhijeet Singh of class XII. It includes an introduction to allergies that defines allergens and allergic reactions. It describes common symptoms of allergic reactions and different types of allergies. It also discusses diagnosis methods, treatments, prevention, and concludes that while allergies cannot be prevented, they can be treated and managed through environmental control, diet changes, and medications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    GOLAYA PROGRESSIVE PUBLIC

    SCHOOL

    PROJECT REPORT
    ON
    Allergy
    Submitted by
    Abhijeet Singh
    XII-D
    Session: 2022-2023
    Subject: Biology
    Roll no:18
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    I am highly indebted to Ms. Simmi Verma


    (PGT Biology) for her guidance and supervision
    as well as for providing necessary information
    regarding the project and also for her support in
    completing the project.

    My sincere thanks to honorable Director ma’am


    Dr. Pratibha Dabas and Respected Principal sir
    Mr. Jagdish Sharma for giving me an
    opportunity to make a project on Allergy.

    I would like to express my gratitude towards my


    parents for their kind cooperation and
    encouragement which helped me in completion
    of project. I would like to thank and appreciate
    my classmates who helped me in completion of
    project.

    Abhijeet Singh
    CERTIFICATE
    This is to certify that Abhijeet Singh a student of
    class XII-D of Golaya Progressive Public School
    has successfully completed this research on the
    mentioned Biology project under my guidance
    during the year 2022-2023.

    Simmi Verma

    Golaya Progressive Public School


    (P.G.T Biology)
    INDEX

    Sr. no. Content Page no.

    1. Aim 5

    2. Requirement 6

    3. Procedure 7

    4. Introduction 8-19

    5. Case study 20-24

    6. Conclusion 25

    7. Bibliography 26
    AIM
    To investigate the causes, Symptoms, Treatment,
    Awareness and Preventions of Allergy.
    REQUIREMENTS
    • Stationery
    • Laptop
    • Textbook of class XII biology.
    • Reports of the patient
    Procedure

    • I undertook the extensive research work to


    study the diseases thoroughly.
    • During this I examined different research
    papers published online as well as in different
    books.
    • I shared my knowledge and experience by
    sharing the Allergy report of patient and
    by conducting activities specified below.
    Like: Slogan writing
    INTRODUCTION

    What is Allergy?
    The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain
    antigens present in the environment is called allergy.

    Allergen:
    The substances to which
    immune response is produced
    are called allergens.
    Common examples of allergens
    are mites in dust, pollens, animal
    dander etc.

    Allergic Reaction:
    An allergic reaction occurs when cells in the immune system
    interpret a foreign substance or allergen as harmful. The
    immune system overreacts to these allergens and produces
    histamine, which is a chemical that causes allergy symptoms,
    such as inflammation, sneezing, and coughing.
    Symptoms of allergic reaction:

    Symptoms of an allergic reaction usually develop within a few


    minutes of being exposed to something you're allergic to,
    although occasionally they can develop gradually over a few
    hours.
    Although allergic reactions can be a nuisance and hamper your
    normal activities, most are mild.
    Very occasionally, a severe reaction called anaphylaxis can
    occur.

    Common symptoms of an allergic reaction


    include:
     sneezing and an itchy, runny or blocked nose (allergic rhinitis)
     itchy, red, watering eyes (conjunctivitis)
     wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and a cough
     a raised, itchy, red rash (hives)
     swollen lips, tongue, eyes or face
     tummy pain, feeling sick, vomiting or diarrhoea
     dry, red and cracked skin.
    TYPES OF ALLERGY
    1.Dust and pollen Allergy
    Symptoms:
     a blocked or congested nose
     itchy eyes and nose
     a runny nose
     swollen and watery eyes
     a cough

    2. Food Allergy
    Symptoms:
     vomiting
     a swollen tongue
     tingling in the mouth
     swelling of the lips, face, and throat
     stomach cramps
     shortness of breath
     rectal bleeding, mainly in children
     itchiness in the mouth
     diarrhoea

    3. Insect stings
    Symptoms:
     wheezing
     significant swelling at the site of the sting
     a sudden drop in blood pressure
     itchy skin
     shortness of breath
     restlessness
     hives, or a red and very itchy rash that spreads across
    the body
     dizziness
     a cough
     chest tightness

    4. Medication
    Symptoms:
     wheezing
     swelling of the tongue, lips, and face
     a rash
     itchiness

    If symptoms become severe, anaphylaxis can develop.


    ALLERGY TYPES SYMPTOMS TREATMENTS

    Food Allergy Vomiting, stomach Avoiding Allergen


    pain, rashes food entirely
    Skin allergy Rashes, hives, itchy Taking a cold
    bumps shower/ Applying
    calamine lotion
    Dust allergy Sneezing, coughing, Wearing a mask
    teary eyes while cleaning/
    Using clean pillows
    and linens
    Insect Allergy Pain, redness, Avoiding insects
    rashes /Seeing the doctor
    Drug Allergy Rash, urticaria, Avoiding triggers
    shortness of breath Antihistamines or
    oral /injected
    corticosteroids
    under supervision in
    a hospital or clinic

    Allergic rhinitis Running nose, nasal Staying indoors


    block, sneezing during the pollen
    season
    ANAPHYLAXIS

    Anaphylaxis is the severest form of allergic reaction. It is a


    medical emergency and can be life threatening.
    Anaphylaxis can develop quickly, with symptoms
    appearing within minutes or hours of exposure to the
    allergen. Research suggests that anaphylaxis most
    commonly affects the skin and respiratory system.

    Some symptoms include:


     hives, flushing, and itchiness
     difficulty breathing
     wheezing
     swelling
     low blood pressure
     changes in heart rate
     dizziness and fainting
     loss of consciousness

    Recognizing these symptoms can be crucial to receiving


    timely treatment.
    DIAGNOSIS

    Effective management of allergic diseases relies on the ability


    to make an accurate diagnosis. Allergy testing can help confirm
    or rule out allergies. Correct diagnosis, counselling, and
    avoidance advice based on valid allergy test results reduces the
    incidence of symptoms and need for medications, and
    improves quality of life. To assess the presence of allergen-
    specific IgE antibodies, two different methods can be used: a
    skin prick test, or an allergy blood test. Both methods are
    recommended, and they have similar diagnostic value.

    • Skin-Prick Testing: It involves putting a drop of liquid onto


    the affected individual’s forearm that contains a substance he
    may be allergic to. The skin under the drop is then gently
    pricked. If he is allergic to the substance, an itchy, red bump will
    appear within 15 minutes. Most people find skin prick testing
    not particularly painful, but it can be a little uncomfortable. It's
    also very safe.

    • Patch Testing: Patch tests are used to investigate a type


    of eczema known as contact dermatitis, which can be caused
    by your skin being exposed to an allergen. A small amount of
    the suspected allergen is added to special metal discs, which
    are then taped to the person’s skin for 48 hours and monitored
    for a reaction.

    • Blood Testing: Blood tests may be used instead of, or


    alongside, skin prick tests to help diagnose common allergies.
    A sample of the affected person’s 14 blood is removed and
    analysed for specific antibodies produced by his immune
    system in response to an allergen.
    • Elimination diet: If a person has a suspected food allergy,
    he may be advised to avoid eating a particular food to see if his
    symptoms improve. After a few weeks, he may be asked to eat
    the food again to check if he has another reaction.

    • Challenge Testing: In a few cases, a test called a food


    challenge may also be used to diagnose a food allergy. During
    the test, the patient is given the food that he thinks he is
    allergic to in gradually increasing amounts to see how he react
    under close supervision. This test is riskier than other forms of
    testing, as it could cause a severe reaction, but is the most
    accurate way to diagnose food allergies. Challenge testing is
    always carried out in a clinic where a severe reaction can be
    treated if it does develop.

    • Allergy testing kits The use of commercial allergy-testing


    kits isn't recommended. These tests are often of a lower
    standard than those provided by the NHS or accredited private
    clinics, and are generally considered to be unreliable. Allergy
    tests should be interpreted by a qualified professional who has
    detailed knowledge of symptoms and medical history.
    PREVENTION & PRECAUTIONS

    The best way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid the


    substance that a person is allergic to.
    • Those at risk of an allergic reaction should:
    • Take measures to avoid exposure to known allergens.
    • Carry two auto-injectors and know how to use them
    correctly.
    • Inform friends, relatives, colleagues, and others about the
    allergy and how to use the auto-injector.
    • Consider wearing a medical identification bracelet with
    details of the allergy.
    • Seek allergy testing to know which substances to avoid.
    Conclusion

    The term Allergy encompasses a wide range of symptoms and


    conditions. Although allergies cannot be prevented, they can be
    treated and controlled. By making changes in the environment
    and to their diets patients can greatly limit exposure to certain
    allergens and reduce and control their symptoms. If
    environmental control does not work, medication,
    immunotherapy and alternative therapy can control the
    diseases.
    BIBLIOGRAPHY

     https://www.doconline.com/what-we-treat/allergies
     https://www.worldallergy.org/reviews-and-news/top-10-
    scientific-articles/2018/psychosocial aspects
    ofallergy#:~:text=Results%3A%20There%20are%20signific
    ant %20associations,their%20child%3B%20and%20sleep
    %20disorders.
     https://www.healthline.com/health/anaphylaxis
     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy\
     https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies#causes

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